Margaret is high in academic self-esteem and motivation. She probably credits her
successes to
A)luck.
B)favoritism.
C)a fixed ability.
D)ability and effort.
Elena moved to the United States from Guatemala when she was 6 years old. Research
shows that if her school curriculum integrates both Spanish and English, she will
A)be semilingual.
B)gradually lose her ability to speak Spanish.
C)fall behind in reading skills.
D)acquire English more easily.
On average, the dramatic adolescent growth spurt occurs __________ earlier in girls than
in boys
A)6 months
B)1 year
C)18 months
D)2 years
When measuring Avery’s brain functioning with __________, researchers use a tool called
a geodesic sensor net (GSN) to hold up to 128 interconnected electrodes in place.
A)an electroencephalogram (EEG)
B)functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
C)positron emission tomography (PET)
D)near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)
Immigrant parents of successful youths typically
A)view school successes as less important than native-born parents.
B)develop close ties to an ethnic community.
C)encourage full assimilation into the majority culture.
D)stress individualistic values over collectivist values.
Which of the following responses is very difficult to classically condition in young babies?
A)contentment
B)fear
C)hunger
D)sucking
Which of the following fosters high physical self-efficacy during adolescence?
A)internalizing the cultural ideal of physical attractiveness
B)early maturation relative to the peer group
C)maintaining a healthy, nutritious diet
D)sweating and breathing heavily, during exercise
Which of the following statements about body fat and puberty is true?
A)Breast and pubic hair growth occur later for heavier girls.
B)Few studies report a link between body fat and puberty in boys.
C)Few studies report a link between body fat and puberty in girls.
D)Girls who eat very little usually experience earlier puberty.
Jane, age 7, is a thumb sucker. As a result, Jane is at risk for
A)tooth decay.
B)malocclusion.
C)gum disease.
D)premature tooth loss.
Meredith likes well-structured tasks, values material possessions, and is concerned about
her social status. Meredith demonstrates personality traits associated with a(n)
__________ person.
A)enterprising
B)realistic
C)conventional
D)antisocial
By middle childhood, children who hold flexible beliefs about what boys and girls can do
are __________ likely to __________.
A)more; engage in antisocial behavior
B)less; pursue nontraditional interests and activities
C)more; notice instances of gender discrimination
D)less; live in nontraditional homes
Sexual attitudes in North America are
A)extremely liberal.
B)fairly open.
C)relatively restrictive.
D)highly restrictive.
During emerging adulthood, supportive family, school, and community environments
A)are crucial, just as they were at earlier ages.
B)are not nearly as important as they were at earlier ages.
C)can sometimes interfere with mature identity development.
D)are more important to affluent young people than to their lower-SES agemates.
Which of the following personality traits is a child most likely to describe as feminine?
A)dependent
B)rational
C)dominant
D)aggressive
Mrs. Markie, a first-grade teacher, believes that, from the beginning, children should be
exposed to text in its complete form so that they can appreciate the communicative
function of written language. Mrs. Markie takes a __________ approach to teaching
reading.
A)whole-language
B)phonics
C)reciprocal
D)hierarchical
Four-year-old Paytin is shown a plate of cookies. She is told that there are 10 cookies on
the plate. She watches as several cookies are added to or removed from the plate. Paytin’s
sensible prediction as to how many cookies are left on the plate displays her understanding
of
A)ordinality.
B)estimation.
C)cardinality.
D)functionality.
Describe the development of anger in infants, and explain why angry reactions increase
with age.
School children around the world engage in an enormous variety of informally organized
games. How do these activities contribute to social and emotional development?
Describe advances and contributing factors in gross- and fine-motor development over
middle childhood.
Describe Robert Sternberg’s triarchic theory of successful intelligence.
Three-year-old Jenna becomes very clingy when her father drops her off at preschool.
When he turns to leave, she becomes emotionally reactive and begins crying and tries to
follow him to the door. What advice might you give Jenna’s father to deal with her fear?
How are a Piagetian and Vygotskian classroom similar? How do they differ?
Compare and contrast collectivist and individualistic societies. Why is the
collectivism-individualism distinction controversial?
Describe the contributions and limitations of behaviorism and social learning theory to the
scientific study of human development.