Which of the following children is most likely to be a risk-taker?
A)Priyanka, whose parents are safety-conscious
B)Jesse, whose parents strictly supervise his activities
C)Daphne, whose parents consistently enforce rules
D)Marcus, whose parents use punitive discipline
Sixteen-year-old Alyssa speaks differently to her boss at work, her parents at home, and
her friends at school. Alyssa demonstrates an improved mastery of
A)vocabulary.
B)grammar.
C)pragmatics.
D)figurative language.
Baby Emma is learning to stand. Each time she falls, she looks at her dad. When he looks
concerned, Emma cries. When he smiles and says, “You did it!” she tries again. Emma is
using
A)a secure base.
B)emotional self-regulation.
C)social referencing.
D)effortful control.
Which of the following statements about inclusion is true?
A)All students benefit academically from inclusion, but not all benefit socially.
B)All students benefit socially from inclusion, but not all benefit academically.
C)Achievement gains depend on the severity of the disability and the support services
available.
D)Children with disabilities are typically accepted by regular-classroom peers.
Rates of adolescent suicide are highest in which of the following countries?
A)Greece
B)Italy
C)the United States
D)Ireland
Which of the following statements about emotional understanding is true?
A)Preschoolers whose mothers negotiate during conflicts with them show delayed
emotional understanding.
B)Attachment security is related to more elaborate parent-child discussions of feelings that
highlight the emotional significance of past events.
C)With age, preschoolers engage in less emotion talk with siblings and friends.
D)The less preschoolers refer to feelings when interacting with peers, the better they are
liked by their peers.
Holly’s birthday is two days before the cutoff date for kindergarten enrollment. Her parents
are considering delaying her school entry by one year. They should know that research
reveals that
A)there are long-term academic benefits from delaying school entry.
B)school readiness cannot be cultivated through classroom experiences.
C)there are long-term social benefits from delaying school entry.
D)younger first graders outperform same-age children a year behind them.
Which of the following is the best method of helping children appreciate dual
representation?
A)allowing children to explore and draw conclusions themselves
B)exposing children to diverse symbols, such as picture books and maps
C)encouraging children to engage in make-believe play with realistic props
D)arranging for children to spend more time with more expert peers
Which of the following statements about Rh factor incompatibility is true?
A)The damage caused by Rh incompatibility can be avoided if the mother receives a blood
transfusion during delivery.
B)Rh-positive blood is dominant and Rh-negative blood is recessive, so the chances are
good that a baby will be Rh-positive.
C)Rh-positive babies are routinely given a vaccine at birth to prevent the buildup of
harmful Rh antibodies.
D)The harmful effects of Rh incompatibility can be prevented if the newborn is
immediately placed on a diet low in phenylalanine.
Which of the following statements about attachment is supported by research?
A)Mothers of resistant infants tend to be overstimulating and intrusive.
B)Securely attached infants often receive inconsistent care.
C)Persistently depressed mothers tend to promote an avoidant attachment classification.
D)Mothers of resistant infants are often unresponsive to infant signals.
Gina has a bruise on her leg. She turned down an invitation to a swim party, explaining, “I
can’t possibly wear a swimsuit with this ugly bruise. Everyone will notice how ugly I
look!” Gina’s response reveals that her thinking is characterized by
A)paranoia.
B)egocentrism.
C)the imaginary audience.
D)the personal fable.
Which of the following children is least likely to participate in community-center
enrichment activities?
A)Meagan, who lives in a stimulating home
B)Francois, who lives in a middle-income neighborhood
C)Chantel, who lives in a chaotic neighborhood
D)Lucius, who lives in an affluent neighborhood
Studies reveal that children who __________ are more likely to be overweight later in life.
A)eat more slowly
B)get less nightly sleep
C)have limited TV access
D)are responsive to internal hunger cues
When young children with psychosocial dwarfism are removed from their emotionally
inadequate environments,
A)their dwarfism is permanent, even with immediate treatment.
B)they rarely exhibit catch-up growth.
C)they must be given high levels of iron to prevent anemia.
D)their growth hormone (GH) levels quickly return to normal and they grow rapidly.
According to __________ theory, when given challenging problems, children try out
various strategies and observe which work best, which work less well, and which are
ineffective.
A)overlapping-waves
B)metacognitive
C)false-belief
D)mindblindness
At age 2, which of the following children is most likely to be ahead of the others in
skeletal age?
A)Randy, a Caucasian-American boy
B)Ruby, an African-American girl
C)Armand, an African-American boy
D)Nguyen, an Asian boy
When adults draw with children and point out resemblances between drawings and objects,
A)they stifle children’s self-expression.
B)preschoolers’ pictures become simpler so the adult can recognize items.
C)preschoolers’ pictures become more comprehensible and detailed.
D)they interfere with the natural progression of childhood drawing.
Gains in language development during adolescence are largely influenced by
A)biological maturation and synaptic pruning.
B)exposure to adult literary works at school.
C)improved capacity for reflective thought and abstraction.
D)direct instruction in grammar and pragmatics.
Discuss blended families, and describe some support options available to them.
Describe the German apprenticeship system. What are the challenges to implementing a
similar system in the United States?
Discuss the impact of media on adolescents’ sexual activity.
What types of moral dilemmas do people face in real life, and how do they resolve them?
How does this compare to their approach to hypothetical problems like Kohlberg’s “Heinz
dilemma”?
List strategies for supporting emergent literacy in early childhood, and explain why each
strategy is useful.
Two types of systematic observation used in child development research are naturalistic
and structured observation. Explain the benefits and limitations of each.
Which adolescents are at greatest risk for becoming delinquent? What are some
suggestions for prevention of delinquency?
Describe phenylketonuria (PKU). Explain how it occurs and how it is treated.
Dominic is left-handed. He would like to know if his infant son is likely to be left-handed
or right-handed. What can you tell him about research on handedness?