Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon’s intelligence test was developed as a way to
A)identify children with learning problems who needed to be placed in special classes.
B)accurately predict school achievement and vocational success.
C)document developmental improvements in children’s intellectual functioning.
D)measure individual differences in development as a function of race, gender, and birth
order.
After high school, Tom entered college, whereas Jay went to work. Which of the following
statements is true?
A)Jay will probably settle on a self-definition before Tom.
B)Tom is unlikely to reach identity achievement.
C)Tom is at greater risk for identity diffusion than Jay.
D)Tom and Jay are unlikely to differ in their paths to identity.
Illnesses such as measles and chicken pox
A)typically do not appear until after age 3 throughout the world.
B)occur at about the same rate in all countries.
C)have been eradicated through mass immunization.
D)occur much earlier in developing nations than in industrialized nations.
Which of the following statements is supported by research on emotional development?
A)Infants, children, and adults use diverse responses to express a particular emotion.
B)The emotional expressions of blind infants are exaggerated compared to infants with
normal vision.
C)Babies on the visual cliff generally display a fearful facial expression but do not show
other signs of fear.
D)Wide cultural differences exist in the facial expressions that people associate with
different emotions.
Research shows that interventions designed to teach social problem solving
A)do not benefit children from lower-SES homes.
B)often disrupt existing peer relationships.
C)offer children a sense of mastery in the face of stressful life events.
D)do not reduce the risk of adjustment difficulties for children from troubled families.
Twins, Jake and Molly, age 15, are both athletic. Which of the following is probably
true?
A)Jake’s gains in gross-motor performance are slow and gradual.
B)Molly is experiencing a dramatic spurt in strength, speed, and endurance.
C)By midadolescence, Jake will run faster and throw farther than Molly.
D)By late adolescence, Molly will jump farther than Jake.
Jenna’s physical growth is slow. She has short eyelid openings, a thin upper lip, a flattened
philtrum, and brain injury. Jenna€s mother probably __________ during pregnancy.
A)drank heavily
B)smoked cigarettes
C)used cocaine
D)used methadone
According to B. F. Skinner, the frequency of a behavior can be increased by following it
with a wide variety of
A)punishments.
B)negative stimuli.
C)stimulus-response associations.
D)reinforcers.
Vygotskian classrooms are more likely to utilize __________ than Piagetian classrooms.
A)peer collaboration
B)independent discovery
C)make-believe play
D)discovery learning
Expectant mothers can avoid toxoplasmosis by
A)making sure the vegetables they eat are clean.
B)avoiding exposure to X-rays.
C)avoiding eating swordfish.
D)making sure that the meat they eat is well-cooked.
Which of the following statements about the judicial system and child maltreatment is
true?
A)Fewer cases of child maltreatment reach the courts than in decades past.
B)Child maltreatment is a crime that is relatively easy to prove.
C)In the United States, government intervention into family life is viewed as a last resort.
D)When the evidence is strong, most judges will not hesitate to permanently remove the
child from the family.
Research findings raise the question of whether the decline in white children’s explicit
racial bias during middle childhood is a true decrease, or whether it reflects their
A)apathy toward the majority race.
B)growing awareness of widely held standards that deem prejudice to be inappropriate.
C)sympathy toward the minority race.
D)increased understanding of different ethnicities.
Which of the following statements about the correlational design is true?
A)Researchers gather information on individuals and make no effort to alter their
experiences.
B)Unlike the experimental design, it permits inferences of cause and effect.
C)Researchers use an evenhanded procedure to assign people to two or more treatment
conditions.
D)In an experiment, the events and behaviors of interest are divided into independent and
dependent variables.
Bindi quickly establishes regular routines, is generally cheerful, and adapts easily to new
experiences. In Thomas and Chess’s model of temperament, Bindi would be classified as
a(n) __________ child.
A)easy
B)slow-to-warm-up
C)difficult
D)uninhibited
Girls who few or no same-sex friends and a greater number of other-sex friends report
A)more positive psychological well-being.
B)less bullying by peers.
C)more antisocial behavior.
D)greater motivation in school.
Ecological systems theory views the child as
A)a blossoming flower, and it regards development as a maturational process, similar to
blooming.
B)developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the
surrounding environment.
C)a social being influenced primarily by observational learning, imitation, and adult
modeling.
D)a computer-like system that actively codes, transforms, and organizes complex
information.
One way to enhance girls’ math skills is to
A)focus more on their verbal processing skills.
B)focus less on spatial skills and more on computational skills.
C)teach them how to apply effective spatial strategies.
D)focus less on computational skills and more on word problems.
Between ages 2 and 6,
A)the brain increases from 40 percent of its adult weight to 60 percent.
B)synaptic pruning slows or ends in many parts of the cerebral cortex.
C)energy consumption of most cortical regions diminishes to near-adult levels.
D)the brain increases from 70 percent of its adult weight to 90 percent.
Peer sociability is
A)not present in the first two years.
B)promoted by the early caregiver-child bond.
C)extremely delayed in only children.
D)delayed in children who spend time in child care.
As adolescents integrate personal rights with __________, they demand that the
protections they want for themselves extend to others.
A)moral imperatives
B)self-interest
C)moral consequences
D)ideal reciprocity
Describe a Piagetian classroom. What educational principles derived from Piaget’s theory
continue to influence teacher training and classroom practices?
You have been asked to give a talk on preventing adolescent suicide at a local high school.
Using research from the text as a guide, what will you say in your lecture?
List and describe common factors associated with childhood obesity.
Describe an effective sex education program. What key elements should be included?
Describe how living in a family with siblings might have an influence on a child’s
temperament.
List several strategies for supporting early language learning, noting the consequences of
each.
How well-educated are U.S. children compared with children in other industrialized
nations? What are some factors that are responsible for this?
Describe the secular trends in physical growth over the past 150 years, including factors
that may be responsible for changing trends.
Define the concepts of adaptation, assimilation, and accommodation. Explain how the
balance between assimilation and accommodation varies over time with regard to
cognitive equilibrium and disequilibrium.