The earliest known South American primate is a 26-million-year-old monkey from
Bolivia called
a. Theropithecus.
b. Branisella.
c. Proconsul.
d. Afropithecus.
Greater reduction in jaw size relative to tooth size during the Holocene has led to
greater incidence of
a. dental crowding.
b. cavities.
c. root canal procedures.
d. gum disease.
Until about ________ , humans acquired virtually all their food through foraging.
a. 1.0 mya
b. 10,000 yBP
c. 100,000 yBP
d. 200,000 yBP
Spontaneous mutation is the result of
a. unknown causes.
b. X-rays.
c. toxic chemicals.
d. UV radiation.
The first person to demonstrate the detailed anatomical similarity between human
beings and African apes through careful comparative studies was
a. Charles Darwin.
b. Thomas Huxley.
c. Georges Cuvier.
d. Richard Owen.
Increased body size in Homo erectus relative to earlier hominids is most likely related
to
a. stone-tool use that facilitated root and tuber processing.
b. increased protein in the diet.
c. larger teeth that permitted better food processing.
d. none of the above.
In examining the bones of AL-288 (“Lucy”), which trait would you not expect to find?
a. a brain the size of a chimp’s
b. long, curved finger bones and toe bones
c. long legs
d. large molar teeth (as compared to a modern human’s)
The chart that shows the different time periods in Earth’s history and also indicates
significant evolutionary events is called the
a. temporal display.
b. geologic time scale.
c. paleochart.
d. virtual time machine.
A press release on the findings from a dig in the Bighorn Basin of Wyoming reports the
finding of a series of extinct primate fossils that may be a link between plesiadapiforms
and later primates due to an opposable big toe. The find is likely
a. Notharctus.
b. Carpolestes.
c. Eosimias.
d. Apidium.
Some archaic Homo sapiens specimens resemble Homo erectus in having
a. employed finely made blade technology.
b. a well-defined chin.
c. cranial capacity in excess of 1,400 cc.
d. a long, low cranial shape.
Inherited human adaptations include all of the following except
a. genetic adaptation at the population level.
b. acclimatization.
c. more efficient use of oxygen.
d. none of the above.
Hoxgenes
a. appear to function in similar ways across diverse groups of organisms.
b. function only in fruit flies.
c. control which amino acids get plugged into polypeptide chains.
d. control the development of language in humans.
Based on their morphology, omomyids are probably closely related to ________ .
a. sifakas
b. tarsiers
c. lemurs
d. aye-ayes
You spend a year of your life living with and studying crab fishermen. At the end of this
time you document everything that you have learned. This is called a(n)
a. ethogram.
b. ethnography.
c. biography.
d. thesis.
Because of the enhanced sense of touch, most primate species have
a. claws on the forelimbs only.
b. nails on the forelimbs only.
c. claws instead of nails on all limbs.
d. nails instead of claws on all limbs.
Hookworm infestation of the human intestine can lead to a form of
a. cancer.
b. anemia.
c. heart disease.
d. measles.
Nucleotide bases in nuclear DNA include all of the following except
a. thymine.
b. adenine.
c. uracil.
d. cytosine.
Rodman and McHenry’s hypothesis to account for the success of the bipedal adaptation
in early hominids involves mainly
a. keeping cool in the heat of the day out on the savanna.
b. males provisioning females and young.
c. energetic efficiency in moving between patches of forest.
d. freeing of the hands to make stone tools.
Unlike other animals, human beings depend on ________ for survival.
a. biology
b. culture
c. adaptation
d. group interaction
Among the first scientists to conceive of evolutionary change was
a. Charles Darwin.
b. Georges Cuvier.
c. Erasmus Darwin.
d. Alfred Wallace.
Diseases such as yaws, syphilis, and bejel are known as
a. periosteal reactions.
b. trepanematoses.
c. cribraorbitalia.
d. none of the above.
The malarial parasite is transmitted to humans by
a. dirty drinking water.
b. mosquitoes.
c. rats.
d. monkeys.
A hominid fossil with a long, low skull, projecting face and occipital bone, and large
nasal aperture is likely
a. to be classified as having modern characteristics.
b. to be classified as having vestigial characteristics.
c. to be classified as having archaic characteristics.
d. to be classified as having apelike characteristics.
During your lab you are asked to identify the condition exhibited by a juvenile female
skull, in addition to suggesting the likely cause of the condition. You observe porous
bone in the eye orbits. You identify the condition as
a. porotic hyperostosis, resulting from iron-deficiency anemia.
b. periosteal reaction, resulting from changes in diet.
c. hypoplasias, resulting from changes in diet and parasitic infection.
d. cribraorbitalia, resulting from iron-deficiency anemia or parasitic infection.
Darwin observed that adaptations
a. resulted from supernatural forces.
b. did not vary among Galpagos finches living in different habitats.
c. were physical traits that enhanced survival and reproduction.
d. were peripheral to evolutionary change.
DNA
a. largely determines development from conception through death.
b. schedules growth, but environment and events influence actual development.
c. is the sole influence on growth and development.
d. none of the above.
The theory that face size in human beings decreased due to the consumption of softer
foods is known as
a. the masticatory-functional hypothesis.
b. the Patchy Foods hypothesis.
c. Darwin’s Hunting hypothesis.
d. none of the above.
The cross section of an adult femur reveals a bone that is longer/flattened in one
direction, giving the cross section the appearance of an oval. This suggests
a. that the individual was likely very physically active.
b. that the individual was lethargic and largely sedentary.
c. that the individual had a nutritional deficiency as a child.
d. You cannot discern anything from the shape of bone.
In your textbook, the lesser frequency of sickle-cell anemia among present day
American blacks as compared to West African blacks is attributed to
a. genetic drift.
b. gene flow.
c. new mutations.
d. none of the above.
If fossil species A is consistently recovered from geological deposits beneath layers
containing fossil species B, then A is considered older than B. This relative dating
technique is based on the principle of
a. superposition.
b. paleomagnetism.
c. fluorine analysis.
d. geolayering.
Relative to earlier hominids, later Homo erectus from 500,000 yBP had
a. a smaller brain.
b. larger teeth.
c. a bigger sagittal keel.
d. a larger brain.