Which of the following statements about harsh punishment is true?
A)About 53 percent of preschoolers experience harsh punishment regularly.
B)Children who are punished frequently develop a more conflict-ridden parent-child
relationship.
C)Individuals whose parents used corporal punishment are less accepting of such
discipline.
D)Corporal punish is most commonly used in economically advantaged homes.
Which of the following statements about sex hormones is true?
A)Boys have only male hormones called androgens.
B)Girls have only female hormones called estrogens.
C)Neither androgens nor estrogens are present in the average boy.
D)Both androgens and estrogens are present in boys and girls.
The rate of cesarean delivery is
A)substantially higher in induced than spontaneous labors.
B)lower today than it was forty years ago.
C)currently about 10 percent in the United States.
D)lower in the United States than in other industrialized countries.
Consider the unlikely situation where a school principal tells a student to steal another
student’s lunch. Which of the following is most likely true?
A)Most children, regardless of their culture, would listen to authority and steal the other
student’s lunch.
B)Asian children would be more likely than Western children to listen to authority and
steal the other student’s lunch.
C)Western children would be more likely than Asian children to listen to authority and
steal the other student’s lunch.
D)Most children, regardless of their culture, would disobey authority and not do as the
principal asked.
The most important preparation for parenthood
A)takes place in the context of the parents€ relationship.
B)is having a positive relationship with one€s own parents.
C)involves attending prenatal classes.
D)is having support from extended family.
The __________ and __________ have a long period of sensitivity to teratogens.
A)hands; feet
B)palate; mouth
C)arms; legs
D)brain; eyes
Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory emphasizes that children
A)are born with prewired understandings that permit a ready grasp of new information.
B)”think” with their eyes, ears, hands, and other sensorimotor equipment.
C)live in rich social and cultural contexts that affect the way their cognitive world is
structured.
D)discover virtually all knowledge about the world through their own activity.
Development is best understood as
A)genetically determined.
B)environmentally influenced.
C)a series of complex exchanges between nature and nurture.
D)an unsolvable puzzle.
Adolescents use slang
A)as a sign of group belonging.
B)so parents will understand better.
C)to prove their mastery of the language.
D)as a way of isolating themselves.
Which of the following statements about teacher-student relationships is true?
A)Well-behaved, high-achieving students typically get less support from teachers because
they are not as needy as other students.
B)Overall, low-SES students have more sensitive and supportive relationships with
teachers.
C)Warm, low-conflict teacher-student relationships have an especially strong impact on
the achievement of children at risk for learning disabilities.
D)Teachers tend to interact in the same way with all children, regardless of student
behavior or achievement.
When guilt occurs in appropriate circumstances and is not accompanied by shame, it is
related to
A)ineffective parenting.
B)good adjustment.
C)poor emotional self-regulatory skills.
D)an insecure attachment.
Preschoolers’ ability to reason about transformations is evident on
A)conservation tasks.
B)tasks that require reasoning by analogy.
C)class inclusion problems.
D)hierarchical classification tasks.
Which of the following activities peaks between ages 18 and 25?
A)drug and alcohol use
B)religious service attendance
C)political activism
D)marriage
In a kinship study of intelligence, which of the following sibling pairs will likely share a
high correlation?
A)Max and Martin, nontwin brothers
B)Jabar and Tobias, identical twins
C)Marci and Sonia, fraternal twins
D)Mary Jane and Susan, nontwin sisters
Placenta abruptio
A)is a life-threatening event that involves premature separation of the placenta.
B)occurs when the blastocyst implants so low in the uterus that the placenta covers the
cervix.
C)decreases the chance that the baby will experience anoxia during labor and delivery.
D)involves the squeezing of the umbilical cord due to its position during delivery.
Evidence suggests that Piaget __________ preschoolers’ cognitive capabilities.
A)was completely wrong about
B)vastly overestimated
C)accurately estimated
D)was partly wrong and partly right about
Montessori schools
A)include multiage classrooms and teaching materials specially designed to promote
exploration and discovery.
B)undermine young children’s motivation and emotional well-being.
C)emphasize formal academic training and deemphasize social development.
D)include repetition and drill by teachers who structure children’s learning.
As Chandra pours herself some juice, she misses the cup and spills juice on the table. Her
father chides her for being a bad girl and making a mess. Chandra is likely to
A)show moderate, adaptive levels of shame and pride.
B)experience self-conscious emotions intensely.
C)be more persistent on difficult tasks.
D)show decreased rates of shame as she grows older.
The mayor of Central City wants to reduce its youth crime rate. Based on research
findings, which of the following would you recommend?
A)Start school earlier in the day and end it later in the day.
B)Work with law enforcement to lengthen prison sentences for juvenile offenders .
C)Establish a strict zero tolerance policy which severely punishes all disruptive behavior.
D)Promote high-quality teaching in schools and create work-study vocational education
programs.