The belief that one’s own culture or way of life is normal and natural, and viewing the
different practices of other people as strange and unnatural, is called:
a. myopia.
b. relativism.
c. narrow-mindedness.
d. shortsightedness.
e. ethnocentrism.
Worldwide, the most spoken language is:
a. Hindi.
b. Chinese.
c. Spanish.
d. English.
e. Arabic.
The author associates all of the following problems with industrialized agriculture,
EXCEPT:
a. chemical fertilizers and pesticides pose dangers to workers and to local water
resources.
b. genetic engineering makes crops more susceptible to harsh weather and pests in the
long term.
c. often fewer calories are used to produce food than the food provides when consumed.
d. industrial agriculture requires extremely high-energy input to support machinery and
irrigation.
e. food irradiation poses potential safety and health risks.
Labor immigrants are:
a. immigrants who move to start businesses and conduct trade.
b. people who move in search of low-skill and low-wage jobs that native-born workers
will not fill.
c. highly trained individuals who help fill labor shortage for middle-class and skilled
occupations.
d. people who have been forced to move beyond their national borders due to natural
disasters, political or religious persecution, or violence.
e. migrants granted the right to work for a limited time but without long-term rights and
privileges.
Which of the following statements about human behavior is true?
a. It is a combination of “nature” (biology) and “nurture” (acculturation).
b. It is completely dictated by “nature” (biology).
c. It is completely dictated by “nurture” (acculturation).
d. It seems to have nothing to do with nature (biology) or nurture (acculturation).
e. It is a result of nature or nurture depending on the person, but never both in the same
individual.
Genetic drift:
a. is a nonrandom change in the gene pool.
b. has greatest effect in a large population.
c. includes founder effect.
d. is an accumulation of mutations.
e. is not a mechanism of evolution.
According to the text, one consequence of the health transition is that:
a. chronic diseases such as cancer have declined as a primary cause of death worldwide.
b. infectious diseases have increased as the primary cause of death in the United States.
c. overall human life expectancy has doubled in the past century.
d. there is a decline in health disparities across the globe.
e. there is less political intervention in the way health care is managed globally.
West African art is sold predominantly:
a. to art museums.
b. to galleries.
c. from a New York warehouse.
d. on the Internet.
e. by women traders.
As a result of efforts to regulate international migration, the ________ border has
become one of the most heavily guarded in the world.
a. Honduras”El Salvador
b. Switzerland”Italy
c. Brazil”Venezuela
d. Djibouti”Somalia
e. U.S.”Mexico
According to the author, in addition to factories, the primary places where new
immigrants find work in Los Angeles include:
a. suburban and urban homes where they work as nannies and housekeepers.
b. industrial farms where apples are being grown.
c. the defense industry in Southern California.
d. city government.
e. police forces.
Patterns by which racial inequality is structured through key cultural institutions,
policies, and systems are referred to as:
a. discrimination.
b. fascism.
c. institutional racism.
d. racial ideology.
e. racialization.
In the United States, ________ are those most subject to nonfatal intimate partner
violence.
a. women over the age of fifty
b. men and women between the ages of sixty and sixty-five
c. women between the ages of twenty and twenty-four
d. men over the age of seventy
e. women in their thirties
In the modern world, while the state is considered the ultimate authority in any
particular territory, the author notes that they are actually fluid, contested, and even
fragile, and as such, they are always being:
a. separated.
b. reimagined.
c. maligned.
d. destroyed.
e. constructed.
Generalized reciprocity can be described as:
a. aims to build social relationships, with an obligation that the object returned will be
of proportional value.
b. a form of exchange in which goods are collected from the members of the group and
reallocated in a different pattern.
c. practices that reallocate resources among a group to maximize collective good.
d. exchanges that are made through bonds of affection, including among kin, without
the expectation that they will be repaid in kind.
e. a pattern of exchange in which the parties seek to receive more than they give.
Gene migration is defined as:
a. production of new genes.
b. random loss of genes in a population.
c. differential reproduction success.
d. exchange of genes between populations.
e. increase of genetic diversity among groups.
The research of visual anthropologists focuses on:
a. the production, circulation, and consumption of visual images.
b. understanding social relationships in the photographic community.
c. ways that musical lyrics reflect social hierarchies.
d. distinguishing between popular and high art.
e. identifying ways that literacy rates increase if textbooks are illustrated.
By studying the “fag discourse” in US schools, anthropologists have learned that:
a. only homosexual boys are bullied and teased.
b. teens in all ethnic groups participate in the behavior described.
c. girls can increase their status by performing masculine behavior.
d. though boys are pressured to behave appropriately, violence is not involved.
e. teachers believe that girls who behave in masculine ways are considered lesbians.
Anthropology professor Michael Wesch:
a. has taken advantage of the technology skills of “digital immigrants” to write texts,
e-mails, and blogs about their educational experiences.
b. has taken advantage of the technology skills of “digital natives” to write texts,
e-mails, and blogs about their educational experiences.
c. confiscates students’ cell phones before class so they can experience the digital
divide.
d. made news by advocating that Kansas State University ban digital devices across the
entire campus.
e. has found that educational institutions have adapted quickly and easily to teaching in
the digital age.
Which of the following is a theory of poverty that considers poverty as pathology in
that it is a result of an individual’s personal failings stemming from a combination of
dysfunctional behaviors, attitudes, and values that make and keep the poor person poor?
a. Culture of Propensity
b. Culture of Dysfunction
c. Culture of Disparity
d. Culture of Poverty
e. Culture of Tenacity
All human beings of every “race” share what percentage of their DNA?
a. 75 percent
b. 80 percent
c. 90 percent
d. 98 percent
e. 99.9 percent
In the past, groups of people have tried to systematically eradicate people of different
religious or ethnic groups. This is referred to as:
a. annihilation.
b. ethnic cleansing.
c. decimation.
d. genocide.
e. mass destruction.
________ is the term anthropologists use to refer to physical differences in primary and
secondary sexual characteristics.
a. Genitalia
b. Sexual dimorphism
c. Transgendering
d. Cultural constructions
e. Performance patterns
The concept of cultural ________ includes linguistic assets or skills that can be
converted into wages and benefits.
a. materialism
b. hegemony
c. capital
d. resonance
e. relativism
Theorist Max Weber argued that analyzing emerging structures of stratification required
an examination of which of the following?
a. power and prestige
b. power and wealth
c. prestige and status
d. wealth and power
e. status and wealth
Anthropological research reveals that most ethnic groups and nations are recent
historical creations, our connection to people within these groups is relatively new, and
our shared traditions are recently invented. In addition, most members will never meet
each other. Therefore, most nations today are:
a. achieved communities.
b. conglomerates.
c. empires.
d. imagined communities.
e. nation-states.
Systems of class stratify individuals’ life chances and affect their possibilities for
upward social:
a. elitism.
b. inertia.
c. stagnation.
d. flexibility.
e. mobility.
For ________, the key to the development of Western capitalism were ascetic values of
self-denial and self-discipline.
a. Max Weber
b. Emile Durkheim
c. Karl Marx
d. Clifford Geertz
e. E. E. Evans-Pritchard
The goods exchanged in the Triangle Trade did not include:
a. fur.
b. people.
c. sugar.
d. cotton.
e. drugs.
Which of the following terms is defined as the system of meaning and power that
cultures create to determine who is related to whom and to define their mutual
expectations, rights, and responsibilities?
a. family
b. marriage
c. descent
d. kinship
e. heredity
The discussion of machismo in Latin America in the text indicates that:
a. all cultures construct masculinity in the same way.
b. conceptions of machismo and masculinity are variable and shifting.
c. each culture constructs masculinity differently, but are always internally consistent in
that construction.
d. machismo really has nothing to do with masculinity at all.
e. masculinity is constructed variably across and within cultures, but is always
conceived and performed consistently by individuals.
Describe what it means to say that the state, soldiers, and warfare are all constructed.
While analyzing what is spoken and written is very important for linguistic
anthropologists, the way that people convey messages through gestures, facial
expressions, and postures is equally crucial in understanding human communication.
Discuss how anthropologists can decipher the meaning of communication through
examining paralanguage and what is indicated through body language. Illustrate how
body language is not universal but rather depends on cultural context, and use examples
to show how emotional information is communicated.
Explain what is meant when we say that a nation is an imagined community, and give
an example from the class.
Explain how race is constructed in Brazil.
What do linguistic anthropologists think about how women and men use language in
different ways? What are the two models that explain why language is used in gendered
ways, and what are examples that illustrate their hypotheses? Which one of these two
models is more compelling to you, and why?