1) in the last 30 years, ______ theories have become the most common strategy for
studying childrens cognitive development.
a. information-processing
b. intelligence
c. psychoanalytic
d. behaviorist
2) which of the following statements is not consistent with vygotskys perspective on
cognitive development?
a. developmental changes in childrens thinking can be described in terms of the cultural
tools, both technical and psychological, they use to make sense of their world.
b. language is the most important psychological tool that influences childrens cognitive
development.
c. the history of the childs experience, but not the childs culture, is important in
understanding cognitive development.
d. basic cognitive functions are transformed into higher mental functions through
interactions with more knowledgeable peers and adults.
3) which is the correct sequence of stages in piagets theory of cognitive development?
a. oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
b. classical, instrumental, operant conditioning
c. sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, formal operations
d. preoperations, sensorimotor, formal operations, concrete operations
4) which of the following is the first step in understanding others perspectives?
a. grasping simple causal relations between desires, outcomes, and emotions
b. showing signs of frustration and temper when attempts to influence caregiver actions
are unsuccessful
c. understanding that the self is distinct from others
d. comforting another child who is in distress
5) nate claims that there are critical periods in development when a child must
experience certain stimuli in order to develop normally. nate is taking a stand on which
issue in developmental theory?
a. nature versus nurture
b. stability versus plasticity
c. passivity versus activity
d. continuity versus discontinuity
6) which of the following statements regarding prenatal development is false?
a. it covers the period from conception to birth.
b. it follows a universal pattern.
c. it is directed mainly by environmental influences.
d. it is divided into three major stages.
7) which of the following statements would be endorsed by both piaget and vygotsky?
a. play is important for the cognitive development of children.
b. the teacher is less a transmitter of information than an organizer, guide, and supporter
of learning.
c. children drawn on their experiences in the process of actively constructing their own
knowledge.
d. all of these
8) research suggests that the _____ parenting style has the most positive outcomes in
terms of childrens development.
a. permissive-indulgent
b. permissive-indifferent
c. authoritarian
d. authoritative
9) regarding parental involvement in school, which of the following statements is false?
a. parental involvement can lead to negative effects if it focuses mainly on academic or
behavioral problems.
b. parental involvement can help parents gain confidence in their own parenting
abilities.
c. rates of parental involvement are higher for older children than for younger children.
d. the organization of schools and teacher attitudes sometimes discourage parental
involvement.
10) vreens parents meet with his teachers to develop a plan to address his academic
problems in school. according to bronfenbrenner, this interaction is an example of a:
a. mesosystem.
b. exosystem.
c. microsystem.
d. macrosystem.
11) ones sense of self concerning racial or ethnic group membership is best described
as:
a. gender identity.
b. bicultural identity.
c. ethnic identity.
d. identity moratorium.
12) because information is consciously manipulated here, ______ is also referred to as
working memory.
a. short-term memory
b. long-term memory
c. semantic memory
d. episodic memory
13) jacqueline piaget had a temper tantrum a day after she observed another child
having one. jacquelines father said this is an example of:
a. symbolic representation.
b. deferred imitation.
c. object permanence.
d. egocentrism.
14) which person is most closely associated with a single-factor conception of
intelligence?
a. robert sternberg
b. howard gardner
c. lewis terman
d. j. p. guilford
15) sonya is asked to describe herself. she responds, i am nice and my friends like me. i
am good at school. based on the developmental changes in self-concept, in what age
group would you guess sonya to be?
a. early adolescence
b. middle to late childhood
c. early to middle childhood
d. toddlerhood
16) compared to later-born children, first-born children tend to be all but which of the
following?
a. high achieving
b. obedient
c. popular with peers
d. conforming
17) the practice of explaining why certain behaviors are unacceptable is known as:
a. the inductive method of discipline.
b. scaffolding.
c. cooperative discipline.
d. the deductive method of discipline.
18) which of the following statements regarding dialects is false?
a. linguistically, all dialects are equally valid because they are capable of allowing
experiences and thoughts to be expressed.
b. certain dialects, particularly those spoken by the dominant social groups in a culture,
may be more valued than others.
c. children who speak several varieties of a particular language are called bidialectal.
d. people who speak nonmainstream dialects very seldom experience discrimination.
19) the process by which infants control or inhibit their responses to stimulation is
called:
a. self-efficacy.
b. temperament.
c. self-regulation.
d. emotion.