Compared to the 1960s, only 15% of working wives presently make more money than
their husbands.
The cargo cults of Melanesia predated the arrival of Europeans in the region.
Development anthropology refers to the branch of anthropology that uses data collected
in local settings to formulate theories about the development of culture through time.
The specific roles assigned to each gender vary from culture to culture.
Biomedicine, which aims to link illness to scientifically demonstrated agents that bear
no personal malice toward their victims, is an example of a naturalistic medical system.
Intersex can result from such unusual chromosome combinations as X0.
The caste system of India is an extreme example of exogamy.
Culture is both public and individual, both in the world and in people’s minds.
With transhumance, the entire group moves with the animals throughout the year.
Mass media can play an important role in constructing and maintaining national and
ethnic identities.
Medical anthropology is strictly an applied field within anthropology.
Tarawad is the Nayar word for nuclear family.
The nuclear family and the band are the two basic social groups typically found in
forager societies.
Cultural learning often occurs among nonhuman animals that live in groups.
The term enculturation refers to the process through which children learn culture.
Communitas is the strong feeling of collective unity shared by individuals at the core of
society, who define themselves in opposition to the society’s liminal members.
Anthropologists use the term society to refer to customs and traditions passed from
generation to generation through learning.
The Internet has hindered the process of globalization.
The globalization of risk describes the commercial value of generating new ideas and
converting them into products and services that consumers want.
Businesses are no longer interested in hiring applied anthropologists now that people
buy and sell a majority of goods over the Internet.
Traditionally, sociologists worked in large, industrial Western nations, while
anthropologists focused on smaller, nonindustrial societies.
Folate aids in the production of sperm.
States are complex systems of sociopolitical organization that aim to control and
administer everything from conflict resolution to fiscal systems to population
movements.
Local communities can use television to preserve, revive, and intensify the scale of
traditional ceremonies.
Most migrants live independently, severing all ties to their home communities and
identities.
Unlike other authoritarian regimes, multiparty political systems characterized
Communist regimes.
Gender stratification refers to an unequal distribution of socially valued resources,
power, prestige, and personal freedom between men and women.
By participating in a ritual, performers signal that they accept a common social and
moral order.
Shame and gossip are the only methods of social control in band-level societies.
Marriage markets are similar between industrialized and nonindustrialized countries.
The nuclear family is a feature of all known cultures.
Exogamy is the practice of seeking a mate within one’s own group.
The use of the Internet is most prevalent among the elderly and poor.
The assimilationist approach to cultural diversity encourages minority ethnic groups to
retain their unique identities.
Instead of asking about race, the Canadian census asks about
A.ethnicity.
B.visible minorities.
C.multiculturalism.
D.cultural diffusion.
E.genotype.
Big men accumulate wealth because
A.they are chiefs who are trying to make their achieved status more permanent by
engaging in conspicuous symbolic displays of wealth.
B.the term big man refers to the liminal state that a Kapauku youth enters before
marriage, during which he accumulates wealth in order to fund the wedding and pay the
brideprice.
C.they are typically war leaders, and as such they must maintain a supply of “grievance
gifts” to compensate the families of warriors who die under their command.
D.to become a big man, an individual must wear a tonowi shell necklace, which is
imported from the coast and is therefore quite expensive by Kapauku standards.
E.big men do not keep the wealth they accumulate but rather redistribute it to create and
maintain alliances with political supporters.
Anthropologists should remain with the group they are studying for
A.less than one month, in order to not overstay their welcome.
B.a bit more than one year, in order to witness all seasons of activities.
C.at least five years, in order to see how culture changes over time.
D.six months, in order to interview all members of the culture once.
E.three months, in order to see a full harvest cycle.
According to Marx, class consciousness results from
A.the persistence of ethic identities after ethnic “markers” have more or less
disappeared.
B.an elaboration of diverse religious beliefs in industrialized societies.
C.peoples’ recognition of cognatic kin beyond the boundaries of biological relatedness.
D.peoples’ identification with groups based on common economic interests.
E.the gradual elaboration of gender-based differences first established during the period
of peasant subsistence farming.
According to Marx, classes are
A.desirable, because they perform tasks necessary to the survival of society.
B.part of the original, preindustrial social system of humans.
C.opposed to one another based on conflicting economic interests.
D.based more on notions of prestige and morality than on actual economic differences.
E.not important to an understanding of history.
Polygyny is
A.a situation in which a woman has more than one husband at the same time.
B.the custom whereby a wife marries the brother of her dead husband.
C.the type of marriage that follows divorce.
D.the custom whereby a widower marries the sister of his dead wife.
E.a situation in which a man has more than one wife at the same time.
Rites of passage usually consist of three phases:
A.uncertainty, anxiety, and solace.
B.ritual, purification, and absolution.
C.separation, liminality, and incorporation.
D.aggregation, celebration, and liturgical orders.
E.confusion, ecstasy, and nirvana.
In his study of New York department store employees, Labov found that
A./r/ was pronounced most frequently by workers in the upper-middle-class store
(Saks).
B./r/ was pronounced most frequently by workers in the middle-class store (Macy’s).
C./r/ was pronounced most frequently by workers in the lower-middle-class store (S.
Klein’s).
D.workers in all three stores pronounced /r/ with the same frequency.
E.none of the workers pronounced /r/.
________ refers to the process by which humans innovate to creatively find solutions to
problems.
A.Enculturation
B.Acculturation
C.Independent invention
D.Globalization
E.Diffusion
________ refers to the study of an area or population over time.
A.Team research
B.Etic research
C.Longitudinal research
D.Survey research
E.Genealogical method
Which of these statements is NOT true?
A.”Anthropologists view sexual orientation as learned, malleable, and culturally
constructed.”
B.”Culture plays a role in molding individual sexual urges toward a collective norm.”
C.”Individuals differ in every society on the nature, range, and intensity of their sexual
interests.”
D.”Sexual orientation is genetically predetermined; culture plays no role in its
expression.”
E.”Four forms of sexual orientationheterosexuality, homosexuality, bisexuality, and
asexualityare found throughout the world.”
The four main subdisciplines of anthropology consist of
A.medical anthropology, ethnography, ethnology, and cultural anthropology.
B.archaeology, biological anthropology, applied linguistics, and applied anthropology.
C.biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, cultural anthropology, and
archaeology.
D.genetic anthropology, physical anthropology, psychological anthropology, and
linguistic anthropology.
E.primatology, ethnology, cultural anthropology, and paleopathology.
________ refers to the view that cultural diversity in a country is something good and
desirable.
A.Assimilation
B.Acculturation
C.Enculturation
D.Colonialism
E.Multiculturalism
Cultural resource management is an example of applied
A.ethnology that seeks to preserve indigenous cultures.
B.biological anthropology.
C.anthropology that could pose an ethical dilemma to the anthropologist.
D.linguistic anthropology that seeks to preserve linguistic diversity.
E.ethnography.
________ defines the processes by which organisms cope with environmental forces
and stresses.
A.Ethnology
B.Ethnography
C.Cultural resource management
D.Adaptation
E.Phenotype
Anthropologists who study small populations must employ sampling and statistical
techniques to analyze their data.
Salvage ethnography is the
A.recording of cultural diversity that is threatened by Westernization.
B.recovering of an archaeological site that is about to be destroyed by a public building
or road.
C.rewriting of an ethnography that was written in the ethnographic present.
D.recording of linguistic diversity that is about to become extinct.
E.effort to ensure that ethnography remains an important part of anthropology.
The religious specialist most frequently found among foraging bands is a
A.full-time practitioner.
B.shaman.
C.witch.
D.priest.
E.totem.
________ focuses on how people with different motives, intentions, and degrees of
power and influence manage to create and transform the society in which they live.
A.Cultural relativism
B.Experimental anthropology
C.Interpretive anthropology
D.Neoevolutionism
E.Practice theory
Gender stratification
A.is less pronounced among agriculturalists.
B.is includes societies where women control all the strategic resources.
C.is generally reduced when the domestic and public spheres are not sharply separated.
D.allows women to become more powerful as they contribute more to the domestic
sphere.
E.allows women to become more powerful as they contribute less to the domestic
sphere.
The domestic-public dichotomy
A.is significant because public activities often have greater prestige than domestic ones
do.
B.tends to be more pronounced in foraging societies where gathering is the main
subsistence activity.
C.is not significant in urban industrial societies.
D.is reinforced in American society by women working both inside and outside the
home.
E.is not present in the industrial states of the Western world.
The study of interactions among past living things in a past environment is
A.paleoanthropology.
B.paleoecology.
C.garbology.
D.social archaeology.
E.adaptive anthropology.
Chiefdoms differ from states in that
A.chiefdom status systems are based on differential access to resources.
B.chiefdoms lack socioeconomic stratification and stratum endogamy.
C.chiefdoms lack ascribed statuses.
D.chiefdoms have permanent political regulation.
E.chiefdoms have full-time religious specialists.
Illness is defined as a(n)
A.nonexistent ailment (only “diseases” are real).
B.artificial product of biomedicine.
C.scientifically identified health threat.
D.purely linguistic problem.
E.socially constructed condition.
________ refers to the arrangement and order of words in phrases and sentences.
A.Syntax
B.Lexicon
C.Grammar
D.Phonology
E.Morphology
Development projects that assume all “less-developed countries” are alike
A.have only limited chances of succeeding.
B.are the most successful kind of development scheme.
C.have never taken place.
D.are known as utopian intervention.
E.are known as research and development.
Which of the following is a reasons for people NOT using the Internet?
A.lack of education
B.increased political involvement
C.entertainment
D.social connectivity
E.availability of information
All peasants
A.produce food without elaborate technology.
B.live in industrial states.
C.are foragers.
D.sell all of the food they produce.
E.own the land that they cultivate.
The term ________ refers to a former colony with large numbers of European colonists
and sparser native populations.
A.settler country
B.nonsettler country
C.mixed country
D.postimperial country
E.emergent country
The internalization of a dominant ideology is
A.a method of chiefly redistribution.
B.the way that pantribal sodalities are formed.
C.a resistance method practiced in small-scale societies.
D.a form of fiscal control.
E.called hegemony.
Nationalities are “imagined communities” because
A.all were created by colonial governments.
B.most members of a nationality will never meet.
C.they are merely fictional constructs of the ruling intelligentsia.
D.nationalities are comprised of many different ethnic groups and subcultures.
E.the members of a nationality constantly compare their society to an idealized,
quasi-historical past.
Discuss the major similarities and differences among nuclear families, extended
families, and descent groups (e.g., lineages and clans).
Answer:Answers will vary
Define rite of passage. Identify three phases that ordinarily constitute a rite of passage.
Provide at least two different examples to illustrate your answer.
Answer:Answers will vary
List the three dimensions of social stratification as defined by Weber. Discuss the basis
of each dimension, and answer how stratification differs from status systems in nonstate
societies.
Answer:Answers will vary
Define a “plural society.” List the conditions that contribute to the stability and
endurance of ethnic boundaries according to Barth.
Answer:Answers will vary
Explain the core, semi-periphery, and periphery in the world-system perspective.
Describe their relationship to world capitalism.
Answer:Answers will vary