Geophysical survey includes non-invasive and non-destructive techniques for
discovering buried features within sites.
Postmortem changes to bone can inform archaeologists about disease in past
populations.
At Olduvai Gorge, potassium-argon dating was used to date the eruption of the Olduvai
volcano.
It was easy to determine the modern Native American descendants of Kennewick Man.
The concept of diffusion implies that most cultures were not intelligent or creative
enough to have developed their own civilizations.
William Rathje studied contemporary garbage patterns to help reconstruct past lifeways.
All hunter-gatherer populations lived in small groups of a few hundred members in
order to survive.
Woods and Titmus proved through experimental archaeology that it was possible to
quarry limestone with flaked stone bifaces.
The concentration of C-14 on earth has remained the same over time.
Mortimer Wheeler created the quadrant system, a major innovation in archaeological
field methods.
Most processual archaeologists reject the tenets of human ecology.
Most modern scientific archaeologists succeed in conducting apolitical archaeological
research.
Roman coliseums and Mayan ballcourts are examples of architectural structures.
One dominant misrepresentation of archaeology is that of it as a treasure-hunting
enterprise.
Archaeology can contribute to contemporary debates on gender, religion, power, and
politics.
According to John Lubbock, technological simplicity does not necessarily correlate
with intellectual simplicity.
Since the advent of radiocarbon dating, FUN analysis has been used more frequently.
Pastoralists sometimes practice horticulture on a part-time basis.
Forensic archaeologists combine the skills of the archaeologist and the physical
anthropologist.
GPS was the technology that helped Levy make sense of the Jordan “manufactury.”
Ethnoarchaeology and experimental archaeology contribute to our understanding of
taphonomic processes.
Archaeologists never encounter the descendants of people who produced archaeological
sites.
Past symbolic systems are knowable.
Chatters immediately suspected that Kennewick Man was an ancient skeleton.
The archaeological record consists of human-made and natural remains found within a
cultural context.
The earliest known intentional burials are Neanderthal, dating from the middle
Palaeolithic.
A stone artifact always has its origin close to where it is found by an archaeologist.
Every state must maintain an Advisory Council on Historic Preservation.
Archaeologists always work with other specialists in their research.
Contemporary languages can tell us nothing about the past.
Robert Braidwood rejected the oasis theory of agricultural development because he saw
no evidence of the kind of severe climatic change proposed by Childe.
Palaeofeces are only rarely recovered from archaeological contexts.
The carbon-nitrogen signature of people who consume terrestrial mammals will be very
different from that of people eating marine mammals.
The debris left over from the manufacture of tools can also be called artifacts.
It is now possible to determine whether palaeofeces came from a male or a female,
using DNA analysis.
Curation of archaeological remains includes __________.
A) adding items to your personal collection
B) excavating materials
C) locating the remains
D) cataloguing materials
E) writing reports about the remains
A low-intensity system of food production, using domesticated plants grown in small
fields or gardens is called __________.
A) horticulture
B) pastoralism
C) foraging
D) hunting and gathering
E) agriculture
An archaeologist who is performing this activity is not using the scientific method.
A) collecting data
B) hypothesis testing
C) building a model
D) developing a theory
E) excavating
The primary reason that most scholars of the 1800s did not believe Native Americans
had constructed the earthen mounds of North America was __________.
A) the burden of archaeological evidence
B) anti-Indian racism
C) that ancient Hebrew tablets were found in one of the mounds
D) claims by Native Americans that the mounds were created by a divine spirit
E) the mounds were located nowhere near Native American tribal centers
Human bone in the archaeological record __________.
A) should be treated with care
B) is never preserved
C) is only found in cemetery sites
D) is only associated with more recent archaeological sites
E) is rarely of scientific importance
Preparation of radiocarbon samples for analysis involves __________.
A) adding contaminants.
B) boiling the sample in a weak basic solution.
C) boiling the sample in a weak acid solution.
D) removing contaminants
The statute that makes in necessary for federal projects to cease and notify appropriate
tribal representatives if human remains are encountered during archaeological
investigations is __________.
A) NARP
B) ARPA
C) SHPO
D) NAGPRA
E) NHPA
Human ecology holds that __________.
A) all human cultures are in balance with their environment
B) cultural behavior is the primary mechanism of adaptation
C) humans are most perfectly adapted to live in the rainforest
D) human behavior determined exclusively by the environment
E) humans evolved as vegetarians
Polities with cities, some form of formal record-keeping, a full-time military, and a
system of taxation are called __________.
A) states
B) bands
C) tribes
D) chiefdoms
E) empires
Before the 1800s in Europe, no period of prehistory was recognized because
__________.
A) of the widespread literal belief in the Bible’s account of the past
B) they had not discovered any stone tools
C) all evidence of the ancient past was covered by volcanic eruptions
D) Archbishop Ussher’s date for the creation of the world was generally ignored
E) archaeologists would have to rely upon carbon dating, which was not yet invented
Which of the following is a way landforms may be modified?
A) plate tectonics
B) tidal activity
C) climate
D) solar flares
E) fossils
What is the first step of research design?
A) Excavating a test site
B) Conducting a field survey
C) Forming a general hypothesis
D) Stating the research methods to be employed
E) Listing the kinds of data needed
Fission-track dating can be applied to __________.
A) volcanic rock.
B) ancientnatural glass glass.
C) crystalline minerals found in ceramic artifacts.
D) sedimentary rock
Radiocarbon dating is accurate for dates ranging __________.
A) from 100 to 100,000 years ago
B) from 50,000 to 1.5 million years ago.
C) from 300 to 50,000 years ago.
D) from 50 to 3,000 years ago.
E) none of the above
Middens __________.
A) are sometimes called “bathrooms”
B) contain only unused items
C) are generally not located away from the habitation area
D) may contain living floors, house foundations, burials, hearths, and other remains of
everyday life
E) rarely contain darkly pigmented soils
Radiocarbon data was originally referred to as __________.
A) the Libby Curve of Knowns.
B) the Lyell Chart of Ages.
C) the Libby Graph of Dates.
D) Taylor’s Carbon Dates.
E) Taylor’s Radioactive Chart
Ground penetrating radar will __________.
A) help find buried archaeological sites
B) help find your exact position on the globe
C) map archaeological sites
D) sort artifacts
If irreconcilable differences arise between state and federal agencies, the __________
can help adjudicate the contested issue.
A) The CRM Council
B) the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation
C) NPHA
D) NAGPRA
E) SHPO
The temple site of Abu Simbel is in __________.
A) Jordan
B) Lybia
C) Israel
D) Egypt
E) India
Palaeofeces can be used to investigate which of the following?
A) general health and nutrition
B) food processing
C) food preparation
D) the sex of individuals
E) all of the above
Yohe s analysis of the Civil War skeleton from Idaho contributed to our knowledge of ʹ
__________.
A) human cannibalism
B) human diseases, diet and social class
C) natural mummification
D)ratios of strontium in bone and tooth enamel.
E) coffin construction in the nineteenth century
Linguistic data can be most productively integrated into archaeological analysis in
__________.
A) dating
B) vocabulary comparison
C) A and B
D) none of the above
Screening is useful for __________.
A) accurate survey
B) finding larger features
C) recovering dietary evidence
D) recovering small remains
Research design entails the identification of research questions, background literature
searches, and _____________.
A) generating conclusions
B) collecting artifacts
C) gathering ethnographic data
Man the Hunter and Woman the Gatherere are examples of __________.
A) current, state-of-the-art treatises on hunter-gatherer societies
B) texts that support nationalism
C) ethnocentrism
D) primitive and unsophisticated societies that pre-dated civilization
E) biases in archaeological research
A subsistence system based on the total exploitation of domestic animals in captivity is
__________.
A) foraging
B) horticulture
C) pastorialism
D) intensive agriculture
E) hunting and gathering
Human activities that threaten archaeological sites and other cultural resources include
__________.
A) looting
B) constructing housing
C) off-road recreation
D) all of the above
Structures made from which of the following materials preserve best in the
archaeological record?
A) brush
B) mud
C) wood
D) stone
E) bone
The actions of _______ and _______ typically affect site formation.
A) humans; animals
B) wind; water
C) plate tectonics; fire
D) plants; microbes
E) volcanoes; earthquakes
The significance of the footprints at Laetoli is that they __________.
A) are the earliest irrefutable evidence of bipedalism
B) demonstrate early hunting techniques
C) refute theories of early bipedalism among hominids
D) were made by the earliest known domesticated animal
E) are indicative of early human warfare
Tribes are characterized by all of the following except __________.
A) leaders commonly called chiefs
B) social segmentation based on criteria other than kinship
C) ascribed status
D) a highly mobile lifestyle
Small-scale, non-stratified societies with foraging as their primary subsistence, and
informal leadership are called __________.
A) bands
B) tribes
C) chiefdoms
D) states
E) polities