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Which bail system requires the defendant to pay a percentage of the bond to a bonding
agent who then posts the full bail amount?
a. Surety bail system
b. Deposit bail system
c. Release on recognizance (ROR) system
d. Privately secured bail system
Patricia, a famous child actor, has been arrested yet again. She has had many brushes
with the law but has yet to be sentenced to prison .This time, the arrest was for was
stealing but in the end, the charges are reduced after the star agrees to return the stolen
goods. She has a team of attorneys on retainer and is always in the spotlight.
With Patricia's retained counsel, the judge was convinced that she had learned her
lesson and the challenge of the spotlight led her to her most current crime. This type of
scenario is most likely to happen in what level of the criminal justice "wedding cake"?
a. Level 1
b. Level 2
c. Level 3
d. Level 4
To exercise the self-defense privilege, the danger must be immediate.
a. True
b. False
Gary is a police officer who is also a forensic scientist. Currently, his job is in the crime
lab and includes processing fingerprints, examining blood spatter evidence, and testing
evidence for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). One day he would like to work for the civil
justice system instead of the criminal justice system.
Although Gary currently works in the crime lab, he has noticed that the role of policing
is changing in his department. He has seen his fellow officers do more patrolling and
problem solving, and there has been a shift from the traditional top-down management
approach. What is his department's focus now?
a. Getting back to patrolling as a central function
b. Community-oriented policing
c. Problem-oriented policing
d. Watchman-style policing
Increasingly videoconferencing is used across the United States and is now used in
about 400 courts.
a. True
b. False
Reducing recidivism is a primary goal of a specific deterrence model.
a. True
b. False
AFIS is a(n):
a. national database of DNA records.
b. computerized fingerprint system.
c. automated stolen vehicle data base.
d. up-to-date fugitive identification system.
National data indicate that about _____ percent of probationers successfully complete
their probationary sentence.
a. 20
b. 40
c. 60
d. 80
The standard required to convict a defendant charged with a crime at the adjudicatory
stage of the criminal process is:
a. proof beyond a reasonable doubt.
b. absolute certainty.
c. clear and convincing evidence.
d. preponderance of the evidence.
Federal police agencies are the only agencies that have not privatized their police
services to cut expenses.
a. True
b. False
State laws mandate that certain offenses be tried in adult court. The only way to get
these offenses back to juvenile court is with a reverse waiver.
a. True
b. False
Regardless of its source, all criminal laws in the United States must conform to the
rules and dictates of the:
a. US Attorney's Office
b. US Court of Appeals
c. US Senate
d. US Constitution
Laura picked up her phone one evening to find that the Microsoft help desk was calling.
She had been having trouble with a slow running computer for a while but hadn"t yet
contacted Microsoft to get help for the problem. She was so pleased to hear that they
saw her IP address online and found malware on her computer and they were calling all
of their clients to assist them in removing it. Laura had previously been a victim of a
phishing scheme so she was prepared not to give any information to the help desk just
in case they weren"t legitimate but they didn't ask for her credit card information or
social security number. She figured they were really going to help.
About a month ago, Laura ordered an autographed Star Wars poster from a memorabilia
Web site but she hasn"t received it yet despite checking with the company and inquiring
with United Parcel Service (UPS). The company says they shipped the poster. What
type of crime might Laura be a victim of?
a. Phishing
b. E-tailing fraud
c. E-piracy
d. Cyber war
The exclusionary rule is the exclusion from trial of evidence seized in violation of the
Eighth Amendment.
a. True
b. False
Which law enforcement agency is responsible for fugitive investigations?
a. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF)
b. FBI
c. USMS
d. Secret Service
The inconvenience and physical strains that come from rotating shift work are examples
of ______ stressors.
a. external
b. organizational
c. duty
d. individual
When the US Supreme Court justices reach a split decision, the Chief Justice assigns a
member of the majority group to write the:
a. opinion.
b. issuance of legalis.
c. writ of certiorari.
d. mandate of precedence.
Greg is 18 years old and has a drinking problem. He dropped out of high school and
doesn"t have a steady job, but rather picks up bits and pieces of work when people are
hiring for the short term. Last night he was arrested for driving while intoxicated, but
before the police stopped him Greg ran a stop sign and got into an accident. The driver
of the other vehicle is in serious but stable condition in the hospital. The biggest
problem is that Greg is a repeat offender and has two previous driving under the
influence (DUIs) on his record.
Greg's accident victim is out of the hospital and wants to talk about why he is allowed
to cause so much pain, why he hasn"t gotten help for his drinking and how he can move
forward. What does she really want to accomplish?
a. Restorative justice
b. Having a say in Greg's punishment
c. Making Greg feel guilty
d. Getting Greg help
According to this justice perspective, the proper role of the justice system is to prevent
crime through the judicious use of criminal sanctions. It demands an efficient system
that hands out tough sanctions to those who violate the law.
a. Crime control
b. Rehabilitation
c. Due process
d. Equal justice
The social burden African"American police officers carry by virtue of being both
minority group members and law enforcement officers is termed broken marginality.
a. True
b. False
What is the term used to describe those that aggressively misuse police power for
personal gain by demanding bribes, threatening legal action, or cooperating with
criminals?
a. Grass eaters
b. Meat eaters
c. Active criminality
d. Selective enforcement or nonenforcement
Which of the following is not a type of Internet securities fraud?
a. Identity theft
b. Market manipulation
c. Fraudulent offerings of securities
d. Illegal touting
According to the United States Criminal Code, a first-time illegal copyright offender
will be fined $250,000, and a second-time offender will be incarcerated for 15 years.
a. True
b. False
A direct release program is where a pretrial program authorizes the release of
defendants without direct judicial involvement to reduce the length of stay in detention.
a. True
b. False
The Quakers pressured the state legislature to improve conditions in the prisons in
Pennsylvania.
a. True
b. False
The first US police departments were created because of the need to control mob
violence, which was common during the nineteenth century.
a. True
b. False
Prison farms and camps are found primarily in what sections of the country?
a. Northeast
b. Along the East coast
c. The states bordering Canada
d. South and the West
Dwayne is the Chief of Police for Big City, Ohio. He has money in his budget to hire
new police officers and maintain and boost morale by offering bonuses. Dwayne
happens to have a girlfriend with whom he has become increasingly serious. He would
like to buy her some jewelry but his wife doesn"t know of his infidelity and certainly
can"t know that his affair has turned serious enough to buy jewelry. His wife actually
knows about his girlfriend and has become addicted to pain pills in an attempt to forget
about Dwayne's infidelity.
Dwayne's wife has been arrested and charged for attempting to buy pain pills from an
undercover police officer. She knows she needs help and decides to plead guilty. What
can her defense attorney do at this point?
a. Waive the preliminary hearing
b. Request a plea bargain at the police station
c. Have her plead nolo contendere
d. Have her claim she was under duress
Substantive criminal law deals with issues such as the mental and physical elements of
a crime.
a. True
b. False
About two-thirds of Americans believe crime is increasing, despite the fact that crime
has been decreasing for 20 years.
a.True
b.False
According to the court, which of the following was the reason for the speedy trial
guarantee?
a. To improve the credibility of the trial
b. To avoid extensive pretrial publicity and questionable conduct of officials
c. To reduce the anxiety for the defendant awaiting trial
d. All of the above were rationales for the speedy trial guarantee
The most controversial issue revolving around the Court's control of police behavior is
what is commonly known as the exclusionary rule. Summarize the basics of this rule
and discuss its current status and controversy.
Discuss three of the events that occurred between 1960 and present day that continue to
influence modern policing.
Using a juvenile assault as an example, compare and contrast the four major styles of
police work. Explain how these styles influence police discretion.
Discuss the intersection of race, class, gender, and crime victimization.
Discuss the general conditions in a typical jail and the role of the new-generation jail in
attempting to combat these problems.
If prison administrators believe that correspondence between inmates undermines
prison security, the ____________________ Amendment rights of inmates can be
curtailed.
Compare and contrast social structure theory and social process theory.
Discuss whether or not sentencing guidelines or determinate sentencing can control
judicial discretion.
Discuss the legal basis for our right to counsel.
__________ is a money bond levied to ensure the return of the defendant for the
criminal trial.
The most controversial issue revolving around the court's control of police behavior is
commonly known as the ____________________.
The federal court system is organized around a ____________________ hierarchy of
court jurisdiction.
_____________ laws require the registration of individuals convicted of sex-related
crimes.
The statement "Neighborhoods give off crime-promoting signals" is a point made by
___________________ in the broken windows model.
Public opinion polls show that Americans _____ the use of the death penalty by a wide
majority, though less so than a decade ago.
The term "agree to a finding" is used in place of ____________________ when plea
bargaining juvenile cases.
Some correctional facilities have been reformulated into a ________ that apply a
psychosocial, experiential learning process and rely on positive peer pressure within a
highly structured social environment.
Identify and describe the distinct categories of stressors that impact police officers.
