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Shock incarceration programs generally last how long?
a. 1"2 days
b. 1"3 weeks
c. 90"180 days
d. 6"12 months
A defendant's Sixth Amendment right is diminished if juries are not instrumental in
determining the outcome of a capital case.
a. True
b. False
The law is the instrument that enables the wealthy to maintain the position of power and
to control the behavior of those who oppose their ideas according to which view of
crime?
a.Conflict
b. Interactionist
c.Moral entrepreneur
d. Consensus
In which 1994 case did the court rule that prison officials are legally liable if, knowing
that an inmate faces a serious risk of harm, they disregard that risk by failing to take
measures to avoid or reduce it?
a. Cooper v. Pate
b. Shaw v. Murphy
c. Estelle v. Gamble
d. Farmer v. Brennan
The _____ Amendment contains the confrontation clause.
a. First
b. Fourth
c. Sixth
d. Fourteenth
Which of the following is the most punitive alternative on the punishment ladder?
a. Residential community center
b. Pretrial release
c. Restitution
d. House arrest
Which increases an individual's chances of successful reentry?
a. Family support
b. Employment assistance
c. Substance abuse treatment
d. All of the above increase one's chances of successful reentry
Which of the following is false regarding opening statements?
a. The prosecutor offers the first opening statement.
b. Neither attorney is permitted to make prejudicial remarks.
c. Opening remarks are more effective in a bench trial than a jury trial.
d. The purpose of opening remarks is to identify what will be proved by way of
evidence in the trial.
A.J. is a minority who is walking his dog in a city that has an ordinance to make sure
people clean up after their dogs. Of course A.J. has never seen this ordinance enforced,
so he just continues walking after his dog defecates. He doesn"t know that a rookie
patrolman has been watching and observed him fail to clean up his dog's waste. A.J.
walks around the corner to find a whole wall of freshly painted graffiti and spray paint
cans on the ground. He picks one up to put it in the trash just as the patrolman is
walking around the corner to give A.J. an ordinance violation ticket.
A.J. is suing the rookie patrolman for defamation of character and racial profiling. He
thinks that the patrolman assumed that he was the perpetrator of the graffiti because he
is a minority. What can a state court judge do for A.J. in his defamation case?
a. Throw the case out of court
b. Reduce the sentence
c. Nothing, this is a civil matter
d. Get the officer to apologize
Which type of data prefers the use of interviews and questionnaires for high-school
students?
a. Observational
b. Victimization
c. Self-report
d. Official
Sara, an 18-year old college student uses cocaine occasionally and was just arrested for
buying $200 worth. After spending the night in jail, she is ready to put this whole
episode behind her. When she appears before the judge, she has a public defender
representing her and the attorney has assured Sara that this is no big deal as it was her
first offense.
Sara had a midterm exam to study for and forgot about her court date. What will happen
to her?
a. A bounty hunter will come looking for her.
b. She will have to pay the full amount of her bail.
c. She can now ask for a new trial date.
d. She will voluntarily check in to rehab.
Shock incarceration is generally designed with what target population in mind?
a. Violent offenders
b. Elderly offenders
c. Drug offenders
d. Youthful, first-time offenders
Which of the following is false regarding a defense of self-defense?
a. The defendant must have acted under a reasonable belief that he or she was in danger
of any type of harm.
b. The defendant must have acted under a reasonable belief that he or she was in danger
of death or great harm.
c. The defendant must have believed that he or she had no means of escape from the
assailant.
d. The person defending himself or herself may only use such force as is reasonably
necessary to prevent personal harm.
Jeff Johnson is the newest judge to take the bench in the fifth district of Virginia. He
spent 25 years as a prosecutor before being elected to the court. He is known for his
lenient views on drugs and his extreme conservative views on crimes of violence. Judge
Johnson is about to sentence a drug offender who has been convicted for the third time.
Sean is a methamphetamine addict, he shot and killed the owner of a video store during
a robbery, and he assaulted one of the employees of that video store so badly she will
never walk again. If Judge Johnson was going to sentence Sean to more than 5 years in
prison, what should Judge Johnson consider above all other factors in sentencing him?
a. Sean's violent tendencies
b. Sean's addiction to meth
c. Sean's motivation for robbery
d. Sean's use of a weapon
There are certain offenses in which mens rea is not essential.
a. True
b. False
In which case did the court hold that the waiver proceeding is a critically important
stage in the juvenile justice process and that juveniles must be afforded minimum
requirements of due process of law at such proceedings?
a. Kent v. United States
b. McKiever v. Pennsylvania
c. Breed v. Jones
d. New Jersey v. T.L.O.
____ theory maintains that everyone has the potential to become criminal.
a.Social structure
b.Social learning
c.Social control
d.Social reaction
The concept of hot spots of crime is most closely associated with which model of
policing?
a. Community-oriented policing
b. Neighborhood-oriented policing
c. Problem-oriented policing
d. Police-community relations
Just before the use of firearms, what is the highest level of reasonable officer response
mapped out in the FLETC's use-of-force model?
a. Contact controls
b. Kinetic weapons or munitions
c. Impact weapons
d. Incapacitation holds
A suspended sentence is a prison term that is delayed while the defendant undergoes a
period of community treatment; if the treatment is successful, the prison sentence is
terminated.
a. True
b. False
What is the name for the system that allowed prison officials to sell the labor of inmates
to private businesses?
a. Property in service system
b. Guardian system
c. Contract system
d. Convict-lease system
If the prosecution can present sufficient evidence, the grand jury will issue a(n) ____,
which specifies the exact charges on which the accused must stand trial.
a. true bill of indictment
b. information
c. charging bill
d. nolle prosequi
Ben is an identity thief. His scam is really easy: he has a skimmer that he puts on the
credit card reader at the gas station. When unsuspecting patrons pay for their gasoline,
Ben gets a copy of their credit card number. Ben has just bought a Mercedes Benz
under one of his unsuspecting victim's names. When the dealer does the credit check,
they find that there is an alert for potential stolen identity. Ben is arrested, charged,
convicted, and sentenced to 10 years in prison.
In addition to Ben's sports betting practice, he has a job in the captain's office helping
crunch numbers and budgets. What does Ben accomplish by working in the captain's
office?
a. Vocational training will help Ben at his parole hearing.
b. This is the concept of a furlough.
c. He is working toward his degree in accounting.
d. Correctional administration needs to keep inmates busy.
The forms of legal representation available to indigents are public defender, assigned
counsel, contract, and mixed.
a. True
b. False
The municipal police department in a large city in Nebraska is hiring. They want new
and fresh recruits that can assist them in technological advances, information sharing,
and targeting the war on terror. Bryan has just been recruited.
Bryan has been asked to brief his superiors on law enforcement and technology. He is
likely to discuss what concepts?
a. Shire reeve and the LEAA
b. IACP and Bobbies
c. Texas Rangers and NYPD SHIELD
d. LPR and hot spots
Every state now has a 'stand-your-ground" law, which requires no duty to retreat.
a. True
b. False
The blue curtain is a term used to describe:
a. police reluctance to express personal feelings with each other.
b. the police practice of shrouding the windows and doors of the briefing room when
confidential information is disseminated at roll call.
c. the secrecy and insulation from others in society that is a consequence of the police
subculture.
d. the sheet used to drape the coffins of slain police officers.
The concept of attorney competence was defined by the U.S. Supreme Court in what
case?
a. Gideon v. Wainwright
b. Strickland v. Washington
c. Burger v. Kemp
d. Argersinger v. Hamlin
Today, the Sixth Amendment right to counsel and the ____ and ____ Amendments
guarantee of due process of law have been judicially interpreted together to provide the
defendant with counsel by the state in all types of criminal proceedings.
a. Fourth, Fifth
b. Fifth, Fourteenth
c. Sixth, Eighth
d. First, Seventh
Most juvenile aftercare programs include probation.
a. True
b. False
The US Supreme Court is the only court established by constitutional mandate.
a. True
b. False
Jaime has just pled guilty to cocaine possession. At first she claimed that the drugs
weren"t hers but figured the judge might be lenient if he knew that she had fought with
cocaine addiction since she was 14 years old. Her parents are in the public spotlight and
the publicity was just too much for her to handle so she left home when she was 16,
certain that she could make it on her own. After living on the streets addicted to
anything she could get her hands on, she finally went back home to seek help from her
parents who put her in rehab about 6 months ago.
Jaime has relapsed and she knows that her probation officer is going to violate her
probation but she tells him anyway, knowing he"ll likely find out. He suggests that they
try treatment again but inpatient treatment this time around. What further conditions
will Jaime be subjected to?
a. Fines to pay for treatment
b. Sentencing circles such as Narcotics Anonymous
c. RCC
d. House arrest to receive treatment
Cyber ____ involves hacking secure computer networks at the enemy's most sensitive
military bases, defense contractors, and aerospace companies to steal important data or
to access their defenses.
a. terrorism
b. espionage
c. bullying
d. stalking
What have evaluations of foot patrol programs in New Jersey and Michigan
demonstrated?
a. The crime rate went down in foot patrol beats.
b. The crime rate went up in foot patrol beats.
c. Officer job satisfaction increased.
d. Citizen attitudes toward the police improved.
