In __________ coping, children appraise the situation as changeable, identify the
difficulty, and decide what to do about it.
A) problem-centered
B) emotion-centered
C) effort-centered
D) avoidant
__________ depth cues arise because our two eyes have slightly different views of the
visual field.
A) Binocular
B) Dimensional
C) Pictorial
D) Patterned
Erikson’s widow, Joan Erikson, suggested an additional stage of psychosocial
development called
A) gerotranscendence.
B) disengagement.
C) continuity.
D) reminiscence.
Donor insemination
A) is commonly used to overcome female reproductive difficulties.
B) involves giving a woman hormones that stimulate the ripening of several ova.
C) permits women without a male partner to become pregnant.
D) is used to treat women whose fallopian tubes are permanently damaged.
According to some researchers, cognitive development continues beyond Piaget’s
formal operational stage to the __________ level.
A) postcognitive
B) postoperational
C) postformal thought
D) postconcrete
Mr. Hyun is dying. Because of their cultural beliefs, his Korean-American family will
probably
A) avoid informing him of his condition because doing so hastens death.
B) forbid the doctors to talk to him about his condition because it will bring bad fortune
to the family.
C) pretend there is nothing wrong in an attempt to prevent unnecessary stress.
D) talk openly and honestly about his condition, so that he can focus on resolving
family conflicts before he dies.
Which of the following statements about strategies for early word learning is true?
A) Mutual exclusivity explains how preschoolers reconcile multiple names for the same
object.
B) Children’s first several hundred nouns mostly refer to objects organized by color or
shape.
C) Preschoolers figure out many word meanings by observing how words are used in
the structure of sentences.
D) Preschoolers assume that all words refer to entirely separate categories.
Even preschoolers with good language skills recall poorly because
A) they prefer to rehearse or repeat items over and over.
B) it requires the ability to tell whether a stimulus is the same as one they have seen
before.
C) they are not yet capable of metacognition.
D) they are not skilled at using memory strategies.
In Peck’s theory, __________ requires older adults to move beyond their life’s work,
their bodies, and their separate identities by investing in a future that extends beyond
their own lifespan.
A) ego differentiation
B) body transcendence
C) ego integrity
D) ego transcendence
Which of the following statements about osteoarthritis is true?
A) Almost all older adults show some sign of the condition on X-rays.
B) It involves inflammation of connective tissue in the entire body.
C) Worldwide, about 2 percent of older adults have the condition.
D) It often results in a serious loss of mobility and can affect the heart and lungs.
According to the __________ perspective, people move through a series of stages in
which they confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations.
A) normative
B) behaviorism
C) social learning
D) psychoanalytic
Janet, an emerging adult, believes in her ability to succeed. She is determined to
overcome obstacles and takes personal responsibility for both positive and negative
outcomes. Janet has a well-developed
A) life structure.
B) sense of personal agency.
C) sense of enlightenment.
D) superego.
During the twenties and thirties, changes in physical appearance and declines in body
functioning are
A) more noticeable in men than in women.
B) more noticeable in women than in men.
C) rapid and obvious.
D) so gradual that most are hardly noticeable.
Research on corporal punishment shows that African-American and
Caucasian-American parents
A) consider physical punishment to be wrong.
B) tend to mete out physical punishment differently.
C) culturally approve of physical discipline.
D) are usually highly agitated when they use physical punishment.
In Robbie Case’s neo-Piagetian theory, repeated practice of cognitive schemes
A) requires abstract reasoning skills.
B) interferes with the acquisition of central conceptual structures.
C) decreases processing efficiency.
D) leads them to become more automatic.
Beckham’s parents want to encourage him to eat fruit. Which of the following is the
most effective approach to accomplish this task using social referencing?
A) They should slowly nod when Beckham eats fruit.
B) They should smile and say, “Yummy!” when Beckham eats fruit.
C) They should frown when Beckham does not eat fruit.
D) They should smile and look surprised when Beckham eats fruit.
Maureen and Chris, the parents of an impulsive preschooler, can foster conscience
development by
A) using mild suggestions and offering explanations.
B) asserting their power as authority figures.
C) applying gentle discipline.
D) combining firm correction with induction.
__________ is a strongly canalized skill.
A) Playing the piano
B) Swimming
C) Doing crossword puzzles
D) Walking
Erikson’s psychological conflict of midlife is called __________ versus __________.
A) initiative; guilt
B) identity; role confusion
C) intimacy; isolation
D) generativity; stagnation
Which of the following statements about health, fitness, and disability in late adulthood
is true?
A) The number of feared physical selves increases with age.
B) The number of hoped-for physical selves increases with age.
C) Because older people compare themselves to same-age peers, the majority rate their
health unfavorably.
D) Subjective ratings of one’s own health decline in late life, even when objective
assessments by health professionals are positive.
According to Levinson, wide individual differences exist in the weights of central and
peripheral components of a person’s
A) ego.
B) internal working model.
C) romantic attachments.
D) life structure.
Which of the following statements about stress management in midlife is true?
A) For people who have difficulty handling midlife’s challenges, communities provide
fewer social supports than for young adults or senior citizens.
B) People tend to cope with stress less effectively as they move from early to middle
adulthood.
C) When middle-aged adults surmount a highly stressful experience, they report few
lasting personal benefits.
D) Community programs addressing concerns such as those of adult learners returning
to college and caregivers of elderly parents fail to reduce stress.
Which of the following statements about intermodal perception is true?
A) It is important for the healthy development of human, but not animal, babies.
B) It interferes with infants’ ability to learn the patterns of their native language.
C) It is unrelated to perceptual development.
D) It fosters all aspects of psychological development.
Parent”infant “cosleeping” is the norm for approximately _____ percent of the world’s
population.
A) 35
B) 50
C) 65
D) 90
The minimum income guaranteed to Americans age 65 and older from Social Security
is
A) more generous than those in most other Western nations.
B) increasing substantially every year.
C) below the poverty line.
D) just above the poverty line.
Which of the following statements about midlifers’ relationships with grown children is
true?
A) When warm, supportive relationships endure, intimacy between parents and children
increases over the adult years.
B) When children marry, parents generally experience a more distant relationship with
the couple.
C) Support in Western countries typically flows “upstream.”
D) Consistent with the saying, parents are usually as happy as their most happy child.
Many ethnic minority parents without extensive schooling prefer a(n) __________ style
of communication when completing tasks with children.
A) hierarchical
B) knowledge-training
C) objective
D) collaborative
Which of the following statements about marital satisfaction is true?
A) Women tend to report feeling slightly happier with their marriages than men do.
B) Couples in traditional marriages report greater marital satisfaction than couples in
egalitarian marriages.
C) Equal power in the relationship usually enhances women’s satisfaction, but not men’s
satisfaction.
D) The sharing of family responsibilities usually enhances both men’s and women’s
marital satisfaction.
Barney and Cynthia met in college and married after they both graduated. They both
work full-time. Which of the following is most likely true?
A) Barney and Cynthia share housework equally.
B) Barney participates in child care about 50 percent as often as Cynthia does.
C) Cynthia spends nearly twice as much time as Barney on housework.
D) Barney spends nearly twice as much time as Cynthia on child care.
Adolescents who __________ are advanced in moral reasoning.
A) report fewer close friendships
B) more often participate in conversations with their friends
C) have more like-minded friends
D) have fewer cross-race and cross-gender friendships
Which of the following statements about language development during middle
childhood is true?
A) Vocabulary growth is much slower in middle childhood than in early childhood.
B) School-age children’s more reflective, analytical approach to language permits them
to appreciate the multiple meanings of words.
C) English-speaking children use the active voice more frequently than the passive
voice during the school years.
D) Children’s use of the passive voice leads to a change in their humor.
Most cases of school phobia appear around age
A) 5 to 7.
B) 8 to 10.
C) 11 to 13.
D) 14 to 16.
When children are not changing much cognitively, they __________ more than they
__________.
A) accommodate; organize
B) organize; assimilate
C) assimilate; accommodate
D) organize; adapt