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The custom of drinking the cremated ashes of the dead is found among the:
a. Yanomam
b. Jivaro
c. Berawan
d. Nuer
The movement of culture traits from one culture to another is termed:
a. acculturation
b. diffusion
c. assimilation
d. discovery
A complex series of priesthoods where political authority is vested in the priesthood
characterizes the:
a. Zuni
b. Akimel O"odham
c. Navaho
d. Cahuilla
A full-time religious specialist, who is associated with a formalized religious institution,
is a:
a. priest
b. healer
c. shaman
d. diviner
The term cognition refers to:
a. unconsciousness
b. the totality of all perceptions
c. conscious intellectual activities including perception, reasoning, and feeling
d. a form of psychotherapy
Navaho healing rituals commonly include:
a. creating a sand painting
b. taking hallucinogenic drugs
c. spirit possession
d. sacrificing sheep
Pharanoic circumcision is a type of genital alteration performed on females in many
societies in North and East Africa.
In Vodou, the term lwa refers to:
a. places of worship that are sacred to particular spirits
b. animals that are sacrifices to particular spirits
c. spirit beings
d. drums and musical idioms
Which of the following statements about Islam is false?:
a. Islam accepts Jesus and Moses as prophets of Go
d.
b. The prophet Mohammad was visited by an angel who gave him the command to
recite.
c. Muslims have a duty to create a society that is just and equitable.
d. The God of Islam is more personal and approachable than the God of Judaism.
A case of witchcraft among the Azande is confirmed by the:
a. prince
b. shaman
c. poison oracle
d. priest
The Mayan calendar, which consists of a solar year of 365 days operating concurrently
with a year of 260 days. When both calendars run, they return to the same combinations
every ____ years, an important event in the Mayan calendar.
a. 12
b. 26
c. 52
d. 72
Magic is most frequently found in situations that are:
a. unpredictable
b. reasonably reliable
c. associated with those at the fringes of society
d. associated with the politically powerful
In small-scale societies witches differ from sorcerers in that witches kill by:
a. using contagious magic
b. using poisons and other lethal devices
c. willing death to occur
d. creating dolls in the image of the victim
Marijuana is used in the religious practices of the:
a. Holiness Church
b. Rastafarians
c. Yanomam
d. Native American Church
The study of witchcraft among the Azande of southern Sudan was conducted in the
1920s by:
a. Bronislaw Malinowski
b. Edward Tylor
c. James Frazer
d. E. E. Evans-Pritchard
The Law of Sympathy was developed by:
a. Edward Tyler
b. Robert Marett
c. Branislaw Malinowski
d. James Frazer
A god who withdraws from active interactions with the world is a(n)
a. otiose god
b. attribute god
c. trickster god
d. creator god
A status given to someone based on attributes over which they have no control (e.g.,
gender) is called:
a. ascribed
b. achieved
c. attributed
d. credited
A five-pointed star is a symbol that is called a:
a. pentacle
b. pentaquile
c. sauvastika
d. acrostic
Infibulation means:
a. scarring
b. piercing
c. tattooing
d. stretching
In the Holiness Church, an altered state of consciousness is interpreted as a physical
manifestation of:
a. demonic possession
b. possession by the Holy Ghost
c. the need for salvation
d. being chosen for an afterlife with God
Peoples of New Guinea involved with cargo cults imitated the behavior of Europeans
(such as writing on paper and sitting on chairs) because they:
a. felt these were the rituals which made cargo available to the Europeans
b. hoped to impress European officials and in turn receive more cargo
c. wanted to be good Christians
d. wanted to make proper use of their newly obtained wealth
Rastafarians smoke ganga or the "wisdom wee
d." This is actually:
a. tobacco
b. marijuana
c. material from a jungle vine
d. none of the above
In Hofriyat, zar possession functions to do all of the following except:
a. explain failure
b. provide an opportunity for social activity
c. enable the zar to communicate with the community
d. to provide supernatural power to be used in the attainment of wealth
A characteristic of the state of liminality is:
a. sexual continence
b. sacredness
c. absence of rank
d. all of the above
Which of the following is true about the concept of the soul?
a. in some societies one's soul is in one's shadow or in one's reflection in a mirror
b. the destiny of one's soul after death always depends on how one behaved in life
c. there is always a single soul
d. all of the above statements are true
An example of a supernatural element in the narrative of Snow White is:
a. the queen's looking glass
b. Snow White returning to life after death
c. the queen eating the heart of Snow White to obtain her qualities of beauty
d. all of the above
The evolutionary school in the nineteenth century associated myths with:
a. the "primitive period"
b. the transition to modern times
c. full modernity
d. the future
Okinawan priests are:
a. always women from specific clans
b. communicate with the ancestors and the kami
c. practice divination and healing
d. all of the above
The term "wounded healers" is used to describe:
a. shamans
b. priests
c. prophets
d. herbalists
The book Malleus Maleficarum stated that witches:
a. could shift shapes, and fly through the air
b. were more likely to be women than men
c. must be arrested, convicted, and executed
d. all of the above
The Wogeo of New Guinea believe that Wogeo traditions are the only valid traditions in
the world and that Wogeo speech is uniquely pure. They refuse to speak the languages
of the communities with which they trade because their neighbors make the sounds of
dogs. This attitude is an example of:
a. cultural relativism
b. ethnocentrism
c. morality
d. righteousness
The concept of a single soul that animates the living body and leaves upon death is
found in the vast majority of societies that have been studied.
The idea that visions and other religious experiences are the product of brain function is
what is meant by theory of min
Shamans are frequently individuals who are driven to become shamans because of
illness including mental illness.
Among the Dani a major function of a funeral is to appease the ghost.
Robin Horton suggests that the behavior of the gods provides a model for humans.
mile Durkheim and Alfred Radcliff-Brown are associated with the evolutionary
approach to the study of religion.
The movement of the technology of processing acorns among the tribes of California is
a good example of syncretism.
An important method of field study in anthropology is participant observation.
An example of an archetype is the hero.
Alcohol is used by the Huichol to achieve an altered state of consciousness during their
pilgrimage.
The term ethnocannibalistic anthropophagers refers to societies who eat the bodies of
one's own group.
The essential difference between a sacrifice and an offering is that a sacrifice is of a
human and an offering is of an animal.
The Azande confirm the identity of a witch through autopsy after the witch has died or
through autopsy of a blood relative of the same sex.
The Navaho phrase "to walk in beauty" refers to the accumulation of material goods.
Karen McCarthy Brown's study of vodou in New York City is an example of an
ethnography.
A totem is symbol that is associated with a particular social group.
Reincarnation means that souls are reborn as animals.
The apparent connection between things that are no longer connected as a basis of
magic defines homeopathic magic.
Ishtar was an Egyptian goddess who is the mother of the god Horus.
In the Bunhongo Creation Story, Bumba vomits up the world. This is an example of the
emergence myth.
