In 1965, the federal government began an effort to break the cycle of poverty and poor
education for young children in the United States through:
A. the Maria Montessori Program.
B. Emancipation Undertaking.
C. the Reggio Emilia Project.
D. Project Head Start.
Answer:
_____ love has strong components of sexuality and infatuation, and it often
predominates in the early part of a love relationship.
A.Companionate
B.Affectionate
C.Consummate
D.Romantic
Answer:
On average, today’s workers in the United States will spend _____ to _____ of their
lives in retirement.
A.1 percent; 5 percent
B.5 percent; 10 percent
C.10 percent; 15 percent
D.15 percent; 20 percent
Answer:
The matching hypothesis says that we choose partners:
A.who have similar values.
B.who are close to our level of physical attractiveness.
C.on the basis of proximity.
D.who have opposing personality traits.
Answer:
Jason was born with _____. The doctor tells his parents that this genetic disorder
occurred because he has an extra copy of chromosome 21.
A. fragile X syndrome
B. Klinefelter disease
C. Down syndrome
D. Tay Sach’s disease
Answer:
What is the term Erikson uses to describe a period in which society leaves adolescents
relatively free of responsibilities and free to try out different identities?
A.Sociological amnesty
B.Societal moratorium
C.Psychosocial moratorium
D.Behavioral reprieve
Answer:
Dorothy is enrolled in a preschool where she spends much of her time in unstructured
activity. She plays with the different toys she chooses, and her teacher acts as a
facilitator rather than a director. Which of the following approaches is Dorothy’s
preschool using?
A. Kindergarten
B. Rogerian
C. Montessori
D. Success-oriented
Answer:
Which of the following statements about the onset of menarche and menopause is
TRUE?
A.The timing of menarche has significantly decreased in the twentieth century.
B.The average age at which U.S. women have their last period is 61.
C.Women who reported early menarche were prone to have earlier menopause.
D.In menarche, production of estrogen by the ovaries declines dramatically.
Answer:
Children born low in birth weight are more likely than their normal birth weight
counterparts to develop all of the following, EXCEPT:
A. muscular dystrophy.
B. a learning disability.
C. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
D. breathing problems such as asthma.
Answer:
_____ processes refer to changes in the individual’s thought, intelligence, and language.
A. Cognitive
B. Biological
C. Socioemotional
D. Cultural
Answer:
Which of the following describes the findings of the U.S. survey conducted by the
National Sleep Foundation?
A.The majority of the adolescents got less than eight hours of sleep on school nights.
B.Older adolescents got markedly less sleep on school nights than younger adolescents.
C.A higher number of adolescents in ninth grade were getting inadequate sleep on
school nights than adolescents in twelfth grade.
D.Adolescents who got inadequate sleep were no more likely to be in a depressed mood
than those who got adequate sleep.
Answer:
The longitudinal method of research consists of studying:
A. the same individuals over a long period of time.
B. individuals of different ages.
C. individuals from around the globe.
D. individuals born in the same year.
Answer:
When working with older clients, some clinicians use _____ therapy. Rita is in one such
therapy program and her clinician has her discussing past activities and experiences
with other individuals in her group.
A.gestalt
B.reminiscence
C.schema
D.drama
Answer:
Critics of universal preschool education say that:
A.quality preschools prepare children for school readiness and academic success.
B.it is more important to improve preschool education for young children who are
disadvantaged rather than funding preschool education for all 4-year-old children.
C.preschool programs decrease the likelihood that once children go to elementary and
secondary school they will be retained in a grade or drop out of school.
D.there is too much pressure on young children to achieve and that universal preschool
education does not provide any opportunities to actively construct knowledge.
Answer:
By about age 15, adolescent females have a rate of depression that is _____ that of
adolescent males.
A.twice
B.half
C.thrice
D.the same as
Answer:
In one longitudinal study, when 3-year-old children showed good control of their
emotions and were resilient in the face of stress, they were:
A.likely to continue to handle emotions effectively as adults.
B.less likely as adults to be assertive.
C.likely to be aggressive in their relationships in later adulthood.
D.more likely to engage in compulsive gambling in early adulthood.
Answer:
The fear of strangers peaks:
A. in the first 3 months after birth.
B. toward the end of the first year of life.
C. toward the middle of the second year of life.
D. in the first 6 months after birth.
Answer:
Most research studies indicate that the greatest change in personality traits occurs in:
A.midlife.
B.late midlife.
C.late adulthood.
D.early adulthood.
Answer:
Donna is concerned about her adolescent daughter’s tendency to flare up at the mildest
provocations. Donna says that her daughter refuses to see reason sometimes and seems
unable to exercise much self-control. As a specialist in the development of adolescents,
you would tell Donna that her daughter’s behavior could partly be explained by the
biological reason that:
A.the prefrontal cortexinvolved in reasoning and self-controlhas developed fully by
early adolescence.
B.the corpus callosum, where fibers connect the brain’s left and right hemispheres,
thickens in adolescence.
C.by the end of adolescence, individuals have fewer, less selective, less effective
neuronal connections than they did as children.
D.the amygdalathe seat of emotions such as angermatures earlier than the prefrontal
cortex in adolescents.
Answer:
At birth, the newborn’s brain is about _____ percent of its adult weight.
A.10
B.25
C.50
D.75
Answer:
Erik Erikson describes the second stage of personality development as the stage of
_____ versus shame and doubt.
A.curiosity
B.dependence
C.autonomy
D.fear
Answer:
Irene, a terminally ill cancer patient, has finally accepted the certainty of her death.
Now, she refuses to have any visitors to her hospital room and spends most of her time
crying and grieving. In this scenario, Irene is most likely in which of the following
stages of dying?
A.Anger
B.Acceptance
C.Bargaining
D.Depression
Answer:
Mae is 87 years old. She is most likely to have difficulty understanding a person when
he or she:
A.speaks slowly.
B.has a face-to-face conversation with her.
C.calls her on the phone.
D.picks a quiet place to have a conversation.
Answer:
Peer competence in middle and late childhood has been linked to:
A.better satisfaction in marriage in early adulthood.
B.less depression in middle adulthood.
C.better job performance in middle adulthood.
D.better relationships with coworkers in early adulthood.
Answer:
The type of care that is designed to reduce pain and suffering and help individuals die
with dignity is known as:
A.curative care.
B.palliative care.
C.terminal care.
D.compassionate care.
Answer:
According to Robert J. Sternberg’s triarchic theory of love, _____ relates to the
emotional feelings of warmth, closeness, and sharing in a relationship.
A.attachment
B.intimacy
C.commitment
D.passion
Answer:
The infant’s ability to regulate emotions is tied to:
A.the gradual maturation of the frontal regions of the cerebral cortex.
B.parental history of emotional control.
C.the pace of myelination in the parietal lobe.
D.the growth of the cerebellum in the initial four months after birth.
Answer:
Uncle Roger tells you that he is a member of the “oldest-old” club, when asked about
age. Without knowing his exact age, you would know that Uncle Roger is at least _____
years old.
A.70
B.75
C.80
D.85
Answer:
According to a developmental study, religiousness in adolescents or young adults
declined from _____ onward.
A.18 years of age
B.20 years of age
C.14 years of age
D.24 years of age
Answer:
Researchers have found that male rapists share the following characteristics: aggression
enhances their sense of power or masculinity; they are angry at women in general; and
_____.
A.they have an overwhelming need for sex.
B.they want to hurt and humiliate their victims.
C.they believe that the victim was not hurt by the rape.
D.they are generally physically strong men.
Answer:
The cerebral cortex has two _____, each of which is further divided into four _____.
A. neurons; divisions
B. divisions; neurons
C. hemispheres; lobes
D. lobes; systems
Answer:
Which of the following statements about bone and joint functioning is TRUE?
A.Peak functioning of the body’s joints usually occurs in the thirties.
B.By the end of midlife, bones break more easily and heal more slowly.
C.Maximum bone density occurs by the mid- to late-twenties.
D.The rate of bone density loss decelerates in the fifties.
Answer:
Describe Kübler-Ross’ first stage of dying.
Answer:
How does generational inequity influence policymaking?
Answer:
Identify Jean Piaget’s concept that describes the cognitive conflict that occurs when
information in the environment is inconsistent with the child’s current schemes. This
conflict is the motivation to modify schemes or develop new schemes that are more
consistent with the outside world.
Answer:
Identify the attachment classification that is characterized by the infants’ behaviors in
the Strange Situation. These infants engage in little interaction with the caregiver, are
not upset when the caregiver leaves the room, and do not reestablish contact with the
caregiver upon reunion.
Answer:
Define self-conscious emotions and provide two examples. What are the two criteria
necessary for children to experience self-conscious emotions?
Answer:
Identify the ingrained cultural belief that engaging in hard work for long hours through
adulthood will lead to status, security, and happiness.
Answer:
Which age is determined based on physical health and the functional capacities of a
person’s vital organs?
Answer:
Identify the term that refers to a kind of (adult) intelligence that consists of one’s ability
to reason abstractly.
Answer:
Long before infants speak recognizable words, they produce a number of vocalizations.
Describe some of these vocalizations in the order that they appear in infants.
Answer:
Describe how middle-aged adults perceive control over what happens to them.
Answer:
Leilani is in a class where the teacher emphasizes learning through things like drama
productions, team activities, and a variety of other activities. The class works in
cooperative groups for history reports and science projects. Identify the teaching style
that Leilani’s teacher is utilizing.
Answer:
What are the leading causes of death in middle adulthood? What can one do to avoid
these issues?
Answer:
Identify the theorist who developed the triarchic theory of intelligence.
Answer:
What is the term for a model of coping with bereavement that emphasizes oscillation
between loss-oriented stressors and restoration-oriented stressors?
Answer:
Define receptive vocabulary and spoken vocabulary. What is the relationship between
the two?
Answer:
Describe the three main types of insecurely attached infants.
Answer:
Contrast cognitive mechanics and cognitive pragmatics, and give examples of each.
Answer:
List four characteristics that are generally associated with the firstborn child. Discuss
what accounts for these differences.
Answer: