It is important to establish rapport quickly to be an effective participant observer.
Longitudinal ethnographic research is the long-term study of a particular culture or
society, frequently based on repeated visits.
Globalization promotes intercultural communication, migration, and commerce.
Totems are animals, plants, or geographical features from which members of a totemic
group claim to be descended.
Interpretive anthropology presents ethnography as a dialogue between the
anthropologist and one or more native informants.
The study of the relationships between social and linguistic variation is
A.historic linguistics.
B.applied linguistics.
C.cultural resource management.
D.adaptation.
E.sociolinguistics.
In patrilineal-patrilocal societies,
A.men control the prestige hierarchy.
B.men work harder at food production and manufacturing than do women.
C.men are in short supply due to the practice of male infanticide.
D.men and women enjoy approximately equal status.
E.men trade subsistence goods but not prestige items.
The ________ society has village heads.
A.Qashqai
B.San
C.Kapauku
D.Yanomami
E.Basseri
The Basseri and the Qashqai
A.were nomadic foraging groups in Iran.
B.enjoyed a symbiotic relationshipbetween the Basseri, who were nomadic pastoralists,
and the Qashqai, who were horticulturalists.
C.differ in leadership because a Basseri “big man” (tonowi) could enforce his decisions,
whereas the Qashqai village head could only lead by example.
D.differ in authority structure, with the Qashqai featuring a more complex and
hierarchical structure than the Basseri.
E.were two of the age sets in Melanesian society.
________ is NOT a proper role for an applied anthropologist.
A.Working with local people in addition to “experts” and officials
B.Identifying locally perceived needs for change
C.Helping to design and implement culturally appropriate development programs
D.Helping to impose development programs designed solely by international authorities
E.Protecting local people from projects and policies not in their best interest
For much of human history, people lived in societies characterized by a ________
sociopolitical organization.
A.band
B.tribe
C.chiefdom
D.state
E.complex chiefdom
The political, social, economic, and cultural domination of a territory and its people by
a foreign power for an extended time is
A.neoliberalism.
B.an intervention philosophy.
C.a green revolution.
D.colonialism.
E.socialism.
What event entailed a shift from reliance on renewable resources to the use of fossil
fuels?
A.modernization
B.industrialization
C.acculturation
D.colonialism
E.capitalism
________ was one of the founders of the anthropology of religion.
A.Emile Durkheim
B.Anthony Wallace
C.Victor Turner
D.Edward B. Tylor
E.Bronislaw Malinowski
Classic ethnographies, like those of Malinowski, tend to focus on
A.the interpretations of those things that are important to the natives.
B.a particular aspect of culture, such as kinship or religion.
C.the anthropologist’s interactions in the culture.
D.the feminist view of culture.
E.a holistic view of all aspects of a culture.
A ________ features differential access to resources based on social stratification.
A.chiefdom
B.band
C.clan
D.tribe
E.state
The study of communication through body movements, stances, gestures, and
expressions is
A.ethnosemantics.
B.biosemantics.
C.protolinguistics.
D.phonemics.
E.kinesics.
________ is NOT associated with the market principle.
A.Profit motive
B.The law of supply and demand
C.Fixed values for products
D.Bargaining
E.Industrialism
The custom of a dowry that goes to the husband’s family correlates with
A.low male status.
B.high male status.
C.low female status.
D.high female status.
E.descent-inheritance systems.
A ________ is a nonhuman apical ancestor of a clan.
A.tarawad
B.sororate
C.levirate
D.totem
E.pater
Agriculturalists
A.clear tracts of land they wish to use by cutting down trees and setting fire to the grass.
B.generally work less than horticulturalists.
C.must be nomadic to take full advantage of their land.
D.use their land intensively and continuously.
E.have a more varied diet than that of horticulturalists.
Which of these statements is true of how horticulture and agriculture differ?
A.Horticulture involves the use of domesticated animals, while agriculture does not.
B.Because agriculturalists do not irrigate their fields, they are more dependent on
seasonal rains.
C.Agriculture frequently involves the use of terraces, while horticulture does not.
D.Horticulture is labor intensive, while agriculture is land intensive.
E.Horticulture’s long-term yield is far greater and more dependable than that of
agriculture.
________ fueled the European “Age of Discovery.”
A.A desire to save the souls of local peoples
B.Pilgrims fleeing persecution in their European homelands
C.The feudal kingdoms of East Asia reaching out to establish trade links with Europe
D.A seven-year-long drought in Europe
E.European commercial interest in exotic raw materials
Sequences of words and actions used during rituals are
A.ritual scripts.
B.rites of passage.
C.taboos.
D.liturgical orders.
E.communitas.
The term intersex describes
A.gender stratification processes.
B.homosexual practices of the Etoro.
C.a discrepancy between external and internal genitals.
D.a castrated man.
E.sexual practices of chimpanzees.
________ represents social status based on talents, actions, efforts, choices, and
accomplishments.
A.Ascribed status
B.Achieved status
C.Situational status
D.Negotiated status
E.Ethnicity
Taking part in the events one is witnessing and describing is known as
A.longitudinal research.
B.emic research.
C.etic research.
D.informed consent.
E.participant observation.
Which of the following should NOT be the goal of an applied anthropological approach
to urban programs?
A.working with the community to ensure that the change is implemented correctly
B.identifying key social groups in the urban context
C.translating the needs and desires of the community to funding agencies
D.creating a single universal policy to be applied to all urban communities
E.eliciting wishes from the target community
The use of voodoo dolls is an example of
A.imitative magic.
B.contagious magic.
C.taboo.
D.animism.
E.superstition.
Social scientists use the term ________ to refer to the socially approved use of power.
A.authority
B.influence
C.prestige
D.stratification
E.endogamy
The custom in which a widow marries the brother of her deceased husband defines
A.sororate marriage.
B.serial polyandry.
C.filial marriage.
D.levirate marriage.
E.polygynous marriage.
Which of these statements about divorce is NOT true?
A.”Divorce is more common now than it was a century ago.”
B.”The more substantial the joint property, the more complicated the divorce.”
C.”Divorce is more difficult in a patrilineal society.”
D.”Divorce is unique to industrialized nation-states.”
E.”Substantial lobola discourages divorce.”
Paying taxes is an example of
A.generalized reciprocity.
B.balanced reciprocity.
C.the market principle.
D.redistribution.
E.negative reciprocity.
In Latin America, the term indio (Indian) is being replaced by indgena (indigenous
person) to reflect a change from what previous model to a focus on cultural difference?
A.multiculturalism
B.acculturation
C.assimilation
D.essentialism
E.social validation
After being spoken for generations, pidgins may develop into
A.focal vocabularies.
B.syntaxes.
C.protolanguages.
D.creole languages.
E.diglossias.
Mana is
A.a kind of bread prepared during communal rituals in Melanesia and Polynesia.
B.absent in societies with differential access to strategic resources.
C.the most archaic religious doctrine.
D.concerned with supernatural beings rather than with powers or forces.
E.acquired in Melanesia, but in Polynesia it is attached to political offices.
The three positions that nations occupy in the world system are
A.core, periphery, and semi-periphery.
B.metropole, satellite, and semi-satellite.
C.state, nation-state, and nation.
D.wealth, power, and prestige.
E.bourgeoisie, middle class, and proletariat.