Which of the following statements about sibling relationships in adolescence is true?
A) Attachment between siblings remains strong for most young people.
B) Siblings who established a positive bond in early childhood tend to display less
affection and caring.
C) Mild sibling differences in perceived parental affection tend to trigger jealousy.
D) Culture has little influence on the quality of sibling relationships.
Professor Novak is interested in assessing the quality of attachment between 1 and 2
years of age. Which of the following laboratory procedures should Professor Novak
use?
A) secure base
B) Attachment Q-Sort
C) the Strange Situation
D) an internal working model
In __________, infants act on the environment, and stimuli that follow their behavior
change the probability that the behavior will occur again.
A) classical conditioning
B) operant conditioning
C) habituation
D) recovery
Which of the following is regarded as one of the most effective interventions for
treating childhood obesity?
A) a weight loss camp
B) a strict diet and exercise regimen
C) punishment for daily inactivity
D) a family-based approach focused on changing behaviors
The average age of retirement has decreased in the United States because of
A) a longer lifespan and greater physical health of older adults.
B) an increase in post-retirement options for older adults.
C) government-sponsored retirement benefits.
D) pressure from corporations to hire less expensive workers.
From the freshman to the senior year of college, most students
A) become better at reflecting on the quality of their thinking.
B) are exposed to so many new ideas it leads to moral confusion.
C) experience a significant identity crisis.
D) become experts in their field of study.
Temperament is assessed through
A) self-reports and questionnaires.
B) parental reports, observations, and physiological measures.
C) delay-of-gratification tasks.
D) Mary Ainsworth’s Strange Situation.
According to Robert Peck, ego differentiation involves
A) surmounting physical limitations.
B) constructively facing the reality of death.
C) finding non-work-related ways to affirm self-worth.
D) focusing on psychological strengths.
Some evidence indicates that although the morality of males and females taps both care
and justice
A) females tend to emphasize justice.
B) males more than females tend to focus equally on justice and care.
C) females more than males tend to focus equally on justice and care.
D) males tend to emphasize care.
Which of the following statements about early intervention is true?
A) Early intervention programs increase IQ scores during the school years, but the
gains are not sustained beyond middle childhood.
B) The strongest effects of early intervention occur at sites that offer a mix of center-
and home-based services.
C) The U.S. Congress recently recognized the successes of early intervention and now
fully funds all programs directed at low-income infants and toddlers.
D) Even with early intervention, most children born into economically disadvantaged
families will not reach their full potential.
Job satisfaction increases in midlife for
A) high-income workers only.
B) workers at all occupational levels.
C) women but tends to decrease for men.
D) executives and salaried employees only.
Reviewers of thousands of studies have concluded that TV violence
A) decreases the likelihood of hostile emotions, but increases the likelihood of
aggressive behavior in viewers.
B) has a negative impact on preschool children, but does not increase aggression in
older children.
C) is common on nighttime programming, but perpetrators are almost always punished.
D) increases the likelihood of hostile thoughts and aggressive behaviors in viewers.
Bernadette, a participant in a longitudinal study, became quite familiar with the test
over time and, as a result, her performance improved. This limitation of longitudinal
research is known as
A) biased sampling.
B) practice effects.
C) random assignment.
D) cohort effects.
Donna, who has engaged in little exercise in the past decade, wants to offset both the
excess weight and muscle loss of middle adulthood. She should engage in
A) weight-bearing exercise that includes resistance training.
B) endurance training that focuses on raising heart rate.
C) an individual exercise program instead of a group program.
D) intense, vigorous activity at the onset of her exercise program.
Van sometimes has trouble finding the right words to convey his thoughts. He often
says, “It is right on the tip of my tongue.” Like many older adults, Van is most likely
A) having a harder time comprehending language.
B) attending more closely to features of speech.
C) having difficulty retrieving words from long-term memory.
D) quickly losing interest in conversational topics.
The negative outcome of Erikson’s midlife stage, stagnation, focuses on
A) self-indulgence.
B) selflessness.
C) role confusion.
D) guilt and shame.
Effortful control is
A) considered a major dimension of temperament.
B) present at birth.
C) unrelated to self-regulation.
D) an involuntary emotional reaction.
In the United States, retirees’ income typically drops by _____ percent.
A) 20
B) 30
C) 40
D) 50
Fewer than _____ percent of older adults in the United States relocate to other
communities.
A) 1
B) 4
C) 14
D) 24
Compared with younger adults, middle-aged workers are more likely to
A) help colleagues.
B) have serious accidents.
C) change jobs more frequently.
D) have low productivity.
Which of the following statements about computer use by U.S. children is true?
A) Parents cannot control children’s Internet access by using filters or programs that
monitor website visits.
B) Surveys indicate that about 70 percent of preschoolers and school-age children have
limits on computer use at home.
C) Playing violent video games does not have the same effect on users’ thoughts and
behavior as watching violent TV programming.
D) Some children begin visiting websites without parental supervision as early as age 4.
Healthy babies often cry
A) at the sound of another crying baby.
B) in shrill, piercing tones.
C) because they are bored.
D) all night long.
Which of the following statements about paternal depression is true?
A) Paternal depression is linked to frequent father”child conflict as children grow older.
B) It rarely has a lasting impact on the infant, unless it persists for more than a year.
C) Most fathers with depression require long-term treatment for a full recovery.
D) Early treatment is quite effective for maternal, but not paternal, depression.
The overall rate of STDs is higher among women than men because
A) while men have more sexual partners than women, women are less likely to use
adequate protection.
B) women tend to receive less information about safe sexual practices.
C) it is at least twice as easy for a man to infect a woman with any STD than for a
woman to infect a man.
D) rates of promiscuity in the last decade have risen sharply in U.S. women.
Which of the following statements about menopause is true?
A) During menopause, complaints about sexual functioning decrease.
B) Hot flashes and night sweats affect only about 1 in 12 women.
C) Most studies reveal no association between menopause and depression in the general
population.
D) Following menopause, estrogen increases, causing the reproductive organs to
increase in size.
Which of the following individuals is likely to retire first?
A) Marilyn, who is in good health
B) Dion, who is self-employed
C) Joseph, who works in a blue-collar job
D) Pearl, who is a high-earning professional
Which of the following college freshmen is the most likely to graduate?
A) Emma, who is emotionally dependent on her parents
B) Earl, who avoids involvement in campus-based social and religious organizations
C) Elyssa, who feels that her college community is concerned about her as an individual
D) Ely, whose parents see little value in a college degree
Religious involvement is associated with
A) higher SES.
B) less reminiscence.
C) greater death anxiety.
D) better physical well-being.
According to Piaget, around age 11, young people enter the formal operational stage of
development, in which they
A) are strongly motivated to experiment with new memory strategies.
B) require concrete things and events as objects of thought.
C) cannot separate the effects of variables in problem solving.
D) are able to come up with new, general logical rules through internal reflection.
Today’s seniors in industrialized nations are largely
A) focused on the past.
B) present- and future-oriented.
C) depressed.
D) focused on the inevitability of death.
Which of the following ethnic groups does not believe in telling terminally ill patients
about their condition because dying disrupts important interdependent relationships?
A) Mexican
B) Australian
C) Middle Eastern
D) Japanese
About _____ percent of U.S. 18- to 29-year-olds are unaffiliated with a particular faith.
A) 10
B) 25
C) 35
D) 50
While playing house, 3-year-old Lindsay uses a straw as a “bottle” to feed her doll.
Lindsay has begun to grasp
A) egocentrism.
B) animistic thinking.
C) conservation.
D) dual representation.
Skye, a rejected-withdrawn child, is most likely
A) extremely antagonistic.
B) a bully toward younger children.
C) worried about being scorned and attacked.
D) uninterested in peer interaction.