What can be said about the dispersal of Middle Pleistocene hominins?
a. Discoveries of their presence come from North America
b. For the first time Europe became more permanently and densely occupied
c. Presence in Asia is noticeably lacking
d. Unlike their H. erectus predecessors they were widely distributed in the Old World
e. Africa was no longer a central area of hominin occupation
According to the complete replacement model, anatomically modern Homo sapiens first
appeared in Africa
a. and dispersed to Europe where they interbred with local premodern H. sapiens
populations
b. and migrated to other areas completely displacing all premodern H. sapiens
populations without interbreeding with them
c. remained there while premodern populations elsewhere evolved more slowly
d. around 500,000 years ago
e. and the local populations would not have evolved totally independently from one
another.
In formulating his theory of natural selection, Darwin did not
a. recognize the importance of biological variation within a population
b. apply his knowledge of domesticated species to undomesticated ones
c. appreciate the fact that population size is limited by availability of food
d. wonder if he had enough supportive data
e. claim that favorable variations would tend to be destroyed, unfavorable ones be
preserved.
Endothermic animals include mammals and which of the following?
a. fish
b. amphibians
c. birds
d. all dinosaurs
e. reptiles
In grouping organisms together in a cladistic classification, the most important
characteristics are those that are
a. ancestral
b. shared derived (modified)
c. shared primitive
d. analogous
e. homologous
Somatic cells are not
a. one type of eukaryotic cell
b. gametes
c. the cellular components of tissue
d. basically all the cells in the body except those involved in reproduction
e. those that make up tissues, e.g. muscles and the brain.
Autosomes
a. occur singularly
b. carry genetic information that determine the individual’s sex
c. carry genetic information influencing all physical characteristics
d. carry genetic information influencing all physical characteristics except primary sex
determination
e. do not carry genetic information
The Neandertal site in Croatia that has produced hominin remains showing the full suite
of classic Neandertal morphology is
a. La Chapelle-aux-Saints
b. Krapina
c. Shanidar
d. Arago Cave
e. Broken Hill
Human evolution
a. is not subject to the same factors that have produced other species
b. has been the result of cultural factors alone
c. is subject to the same forces that have acted upon other organisms
d. has not been influenced by cultural factors
e. is solely the result of cultural factors
What does the Regional Continuity Model of modern Homo sapiens origins not
propose?
a. Modern humans did not appear solely in Africa.
b. Premodern populations in Europe, Asia, and Africa all evolved into modern Homo
sapiens.
c. There was gene flow between premodern populations from different regions of the
Old World.
d. Local populations would have evolved totally independently from one another
e. Local populations would not have evolved totally independently from one another
Primate groups composed of several adult males and females are advantageous in areas
where
a. there are few sleeping sites
b. humans are active
c. primates are crepuscular
d. predation pressure is high
e. predation pressure is low
The earliest australopith fossils come from
a. South Africa
b. Asia
c. East Africa
d. North Africa
e. Europe
Dark skin is found in populations near the equator. Why?
a. It protects from frostbite.
b. It protects from overexposure to ultraviolet radiation.
c. It helps prevent rickets.
d. It protects from the damaging effects of UV radiation on folate.
e. It increases the skin’s exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
Paleoanthropologists consider__________________ to be the immediate predecessors
to modern Homo sapiens.
a. premodernHomo sapiens
b. anatomically modernHomo sapiens
c. late modernHomo erectus
d. Homo heidelbergensis from sites in Iraq
e. Individuals represented during the Early Pleistocene
According to the compete replacement model, the transition from premodern to modern
Homo sapiens
a. occurred in several regions of the Old World simultaneously
b. occurred first in Europe
c. only occurred once, in Africa
d. began about 10,000 years ago in Indonesia
e. began about 100,000 years ago in Asia
_____________________refined the existing system of classifying biological
organisms into a binomial system.
a. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
b. Georges Cuvier
c. Carolus Linnaeus
d. George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon
e. Erasmus Darwin
Dating methods indicating that something is older or more recent than something else
a. are called chronometric dating methods
b. are called absolute dating methods
c. include the K/Ar method
d. never require stratigraphic information
e. are called relative dating methods
Speciation can occur as a result of all of the following except
a. geographic isolation
b. natural selection acting on populations
c. ecological separation
d. lack of differences in habitats
e. limited gene exchange
Infectious diseases have their greatest effect on growth and development during which
life phase?
a. adulthood
b. menopause
c. the postreproductive years
d. childhood
e. senescence
The application of evolutionary principles to the study of human variation
a. reinforced traditional views of races as fixed biological entities that do not change
b. allowed scientists to ignore the adaptive significance of most traits
c. helped replace earlier views based solely on observed phenotypes
d. allowed scientists to divide the human species precisely into well-defined races
e. has been of little value for understanding human variation
All Old World monkeys belong to which family?
a. Ominidae
b. Cercopithecidae
c. Callitrichidae
d. Pongidae
e. Monquidae
_______ relies on identifying changes in the orientation of the earth’s geomagnetic
poles.
a. Stratigraphy
b. Potassium argon dating
c. Fluorine analysis
d. Biostratigraphy
e. Paleomagnetism
During glacial peaks, much of western Europe would have been
a. cut off from the rest of Eurasia
b. covered with desert
c. covered with rain forests
d. unaffected
e. glacial peaks did not occur outside of Africa
As a general rule, what do larger animals require?
a. fewer calories per unit of weight than smaller animals
b. more calories per unit weight than smaller animals
c. the same amount of calories per unit weight than smaller animals
d. no calories whatsoever
e. more testosterone
What are the most non-derived or primitive primates?
a. Old World monkeys
b. New World monkeys
c. tarsiers
d. lemurs and lorises
e. great apes
According to the most recent evidence, the first modern Homo sapiens evolved in
Africa around _______ years ago.
a. 200,000
b. 1,500,000
c. 50,000
d. 500,000
e. 5,000,000
Animals with a nerve cord along the back and gill slits during some developmental
stage are called which of the following?
a. insects
b. invertebrates
c. chordates
d. metazoans
e. underdeveloped
DNA
a. is single-stranded
b. is composed of nitrogenous bases, sugars and gametes
c. is composed of nucleotides
d. contains the base uracil
e. contains six different nitrogenous bases
When does the adolescent growth spurt approximately occur?
a. two years later in girls than in boys
b. at the same time for girls and boys
c. two years earlier in girls than in boys
d. four years earlier in girls than in boys
e. as an early adult
Which of the following was one of the most observable physical differences in physical
anthropologists’ early studies of human variation?
a. Eye color
b. shape of head and face
c. Height
d. Weight
e. Hair color