The Ubaid period represents the initial settlement of the Tigris and Euphrates
floodplain.
Forensic anthropologists must deal with the race concept because they are asked by law
enforcement agencies to identify an individual’s race from skeletal remains.
Mitosis produces identical copies, known as daughter cells.
In general, which of the following statements are TRUE?
A.Primate males tend to be dominant to females.
B.Dominant individuals appear to have priority access to desired food items.
C.Dominant animals may have greater access to mating partners.
D. all of the above
E.A and B only
Prior to the 1800s, the notion of the possibility of change or extinction in a species was
a well-established fact.
Darwin was unable to explain how variability was maintained within populations.
Military conflict played little role in the formation of the Mesopotamian cities.
The earliest hominins may appear as early as 7 million years ago.
Currently, tarsiers are considered to fit more comfortably within the Prosimian
suborder.
There is clear evidence implicating humans in the extinction of many species of New
World animals at the end of the Pleistocene.
The Holocene epoch beings around 11,000 years ago.
Neandertals exhibit clear evidence of being a TRUE biological species distinct from
modern humans.
Which of the following are capable of TRUE brachiation?
A.gibbons
B.lemurs
C.chimpanzees
D.all of the above
E.only A and C
Most primates either currently are or will be threatened by habitat destruction in the
next 100 years.
Altruism among primates always involves closely related individuals.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.Nonhuman primate mothers must learn how to take care of infants.
B.Infant care in nonhuman primates is innate.
C.Primates never injure infants even if they have not learned how to care for them.
D.The Harlow experiments showed that infant primates, reared in isolation, suffered no
adverse effects.
E.none of these
Foragers are typically associated with large, sedentary villages and dense populations.
Recent reevaluation of the materials from the Zhoukoudian site indicate that it may not
have definitive evidence of fire use.
Genetic drift is associated with small population sizes.
Macrofossils are typically preserved by being carbonized during processing or
preparation.
The Flores hominins are members of the Homo habilis group.
Meiosis produces identical copies, known as daughter cells.
Archaeological sites are locations where any past human activity has occurred.
Asian forms of H.heidelbergensis show little continuity with earlier H. erectus forms.
The Old World constitutes the main center for the development of domestication.
Homo erectus is the first hominin for which we have evidence of wide geographical
dispersion.
The Bering Land Bridge represents the technologically simplest point of entry to the
New World.
Australopithecus africanus is one of the most ancestral of the early hominins.
The term “civilization” is currently used by anthropologists to mean essentially the
same as culture or society.
In a state level society, conflict resolution and adjudication is often resolved through
kinship structures.
The system of binomial nomenclature is credited to which of the following scientists?
A.John Ray
B.Charles Darwin
C.Linnaeus
D.Malthus
E.Lyell
Which of the following best characterize the physical traits of the Flores hominins?
A.small bodies, nearly human cranial capacity
B.normal human stature with prominent brow ridges
C.essentially the same physical traits as Australopithecines
D.small bodies and ape-size brains
E.evidence for habitual, and not obligatory bipedalism
Which of the following best describes the developmental pattern of the early hominins,
including H. habilis?
A.a pattern that is most similar to modern humans
B.a developmental pattern that is more delayed
C.a pattern that is most similar to apes
D.the development of an accelerated developmental pattern
E.both C and D
Why do male primates typically compete for mates?
A.little investment in rearing of offspring
B.continuous production of sperm
C.short female gestation
D.all of the above
E.only A and B
Prior to the Enlightenment, which of the following concepts hindered the development
of evolutionary theory?
A.fixity of species
B.notion that all life was part of divine design
C.lack of temporal depth for age of earth
D.all of the above
E.only A and C
Primate continuum:
A.They are capable of symbolic thought at complex communication.
B.They acquire and use language in much the same way as humans.
C.They have some capability to use symbols referentially.
D.all of the above
E.only A and C
In grouping organisms together in a cladistic classification, the most important
characteristics are those that are:
A.ancestral
B.derived
C.primitive
D.analogous
E.phenotypically dissimilar
Which of the following statements best describes the state of evolutionary theory prior
to Darwin and Wallace?
A.The notion of fixity of species was universally supported.
B.The importance of environmental influences was recognized.
C.The possibility for species to have gone extinct was unheard of.
D.The idea that a species could change was acknowledged.
E.both B and D
Which Mesoamerican group filled the vacuum caused by the decline of Teotihuacn?
A.Inka
B.Toltecs
C.Aztecs
D.Maya
E.Olmec
Which theorist proposed that a symbolic transformation of the pre-Neolithic world
promoted the development of human agency and, ultimately, of domestication and
agriculture?
A.Hodder
B.Braidwood
C.Childe
D.Binford
E.Cauvin
What factors have resulted in the development of drug-resistant bacteria?
A.inherent genetic variability in the bacteria
B.the fast reproductive rate of bacteria
C.the general ineffectiveness of antibiotics
D.all of the above
E.only A and B
An individual possessing different alleles at the same locus is defined as:
A.hemizygous
B.homozygous
C.heterozygous
D.genetically normal
E.none of these
Which of the following is a trait differentiating the apes and humans from monkeys?
A.shortened trunk
B.larger body size
C.increased infant dependence
D.no tail
E.all of these
Which of the following is NOT an example of a radiometric dating technique?
A.radiocarbon
B.paleomagnetism
C.potassium argon
D.thermoluminescence
E.argon-argon
Which of the following statements about tool use by the earliest protohominins between
5-7.5 mya is correct?
A.Stone tools were regularly manufactured.
B.They formed a central part of their adaptive strategies.
C.They likely used tools in a manner similar to modern chimpanzees.
D.They are easily identified as tools by archaeologists.
E.All of the above are correct.
Anthropometry had its origins in:
A.the study of human language
B.the rejection of the notion of human race
C.the desire to describe and classify human biological variability
D.the development of primatology
E.none of these
Homo erectus appears no later than:
A.2.5 million y.a.
B.2.0 million y.a.
C.1.8 million y.a.
D.4 million y.a.
E.500,000 y.a.
The primate order is traditionally divided into what two suborders?
A.Prosimii and Anthropoidea
B.Platyrrhini and Catarrhini
C.Pongidae and Hominidae
D.Cercopithecoidea and Hominoidea
E.Pongo and Homo
The almost complete skeleton of a male Homo erectus with an approximate age at death
of 12 years was found at:
A.Olduvai
B.Lantian
C.West Turkana
D.Zhoukoudian
E.Trinil
Which of the following represents a primary difference in patterns of domestication in
the New and Old Worlds?
A.Plant domestication was relatively unimportant in the New World.
B.Animal domesticates were more numerous in the Old World.
C.Most Old World plant domesticates were more productive.
D.Maize constituted one of the staple crops in the Old World.
E.Animals were not domesticated in the New World.
The fossils:
A.tend to have prominent supraorbital tori
B.may indicate local continuity between Neandertal and modern populations
C.are classified as anatomically modern humans
D.all of the above
E.only A and C
Which one of the following is one of the primary goals of archaeology?
A.determine the “when” and “where” of past cultures
B.reconstruct past lifeways
C.explain past cultural events
D.explore cognitive and symbolic dimensions of past humans
E.All of these are primary archaeological goals.
The switch from hunting and gathering to agriculture in Egypt has been explained as
the result of:
A.diffusion from the Near East
B.increasing sedentism
C.population nucleation along the Nile due to reduced rainfall
D.the lack of sufficient animal resources
E.all of these
Which of the following traits represents a substantial difference between Old and New
World civilizations?
A.small role of domesticated animals in the New World
B.the limited role of the wheel in the New World
C.the relative degree of importance of agriculture
D.all of the above
E.only A and B
Sexual selection typically produces little sexual dimorphism, particularly body size in
what setting?
A.polygynous mating
B.defense of territory
C.monogamous pairs
D.high predation rates
E.dominance hierarchies
Which of the following aspects of the Enlightenment contributed to the development of
anthropology as a field of inquiry:
A.the desire to understand the place of humans in the world
B.the development of new ideas about the nature of primitive societies
C.revisions to ideas about the extent of the knowable world
D.all of the above
E.only B and C
The Dmanisi hominins may indicate that:
A.Homo erectus was most certainly the first hominin to leave Africa
B.advanced technology was not essential for the movement of hominins out of Africa
C.there may have been at least two migrations of hominins from Africa between 2
million and 1.5 million years ago
D.all of the above
E.only B and C
What group of non-human primates has the largest geographical distribution?
A.Tarsiers
B.Apes
C.Old World Monkeys
D.Prosimians
E.New World Monkeys
The study of the structure, behavior, and ecology of hominins is known as:
A.physical anthropology
B.ethnography
C.paleoanthropology
D.archaeology
E.ethology
What factor allows primates to employ multiple forms of locomotion?
A.omnivorous diet
B.increased intelligence
C.generalize anatomy
D.quadrupedal structure
E.all of these
The Ardipithecus ramidus hominins have highly derived dental features including
relatively large incisors and molars that resemble those of A. boisei.
Which group of primates typically employs vertical clinging and leaping?
A.Old World monkeys
B.prosimians and tarsiers
C.baboons and macaques
D.gibbons and siamangs
E.chimpanzees and bonobos
Acheulian technology is found:
A.over the full geographic range of H. erectus
B.only in Africa
C.only in some parts of Asia and southern Europe
D.only in East Africa
E.only in France
Female primates:
A.assume most of the responsibility of caring for infants
B.have the same potential for number of offspring as do males
C.spend most of their adult life either pregnant or lactating
D.none of the above
E.only A and C