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In recent years, the view of correctional officers has changed to;
a. One where they have the most dangerous job in the U.S.
b. One where they are seen as ruthless that enjoys their power
c. One where they are viewed as public servants
d. none of the above
English police officers are known as bobbies because:
a. their heads often bobbed up and down as they rode the streets of London on horses.
b. Sir Robert (Bobbie) Peel was responsible for their creation.
c. an inordinately large number of the original London metropolitan police force was
named Bobbie.
d. they are trained to bob their head whenever a member of the royal family came into
view.
What was the legal standard for a warrantless search of a school locker in New Jersey v.
TLO?
a. Reasonable suspicion
b. Probable cause
c. A warrant
d. Clear and convincing evidence
Research has shown that inmates involved in this type of correctional treatment do
better following release than those in comparison groups.
a. Group treatment
b. Anger management
c. Faith based programs
d. Prison enterprise programs
What procedure is often used as an alternative to the grand jury?
a. The initial hearing
b. The arraignment
c. The preliminary hearing
d. The criminal trial
In its early form, what was the burden of proof for verdicts handed down by the
juvenile court?
a. Beyond a reasonable doubt
b. Reasonable suspicion
c. Beyond a preponderance of evidence
d. Absolute certainty
This gives the victim the opportunity to tell of their experiences and describe their
ordeal.
a. deterrence hearing
b. victim impact statement
c. victim sentencing inquiry
d. none of these
Approximately how many known executions have been carried out in America under
civil authority since 1608?
a. More than 8,000
b. More than 10,000
c. More than 14,000
d. More than 16,000
Crime is generally grouped into three basic categories, they are;
a. Felonies, misdemeanors, and violations
b. Mala Prohibitum crimes, felonies, and violations
c. Violations, ordinances, and felonies
d. Misdemeanors, violations, and Ordinances
In a study entitled DelinquencyinaBirthCohort,researchers found that chronic offenders
a. Are more likely to continue criminality if they are female
b. Become adult repeat offenders
c. Are deterred from further criminality if arrested during youth chronic offending
d. Commit the most violent acts of all criminals
According to the basic principles of restorative justice, the first priority of the justice
process is to:
a. restore the community to the degree possible.
b. assist the victim(s).
c. shame the offender.
d. treat all offenders equally.
The modern practice of legally separating adult criminals and juvenile offenders can be
traced back to two developments in English custom and law that occurred centuries
ago, one of which is/are
a. The Carriers case
b. Chancery Courts
c. In re Gault
d. ParensPatriae
Which goal of sentencing attempts to convince the criminal through punishment that
future crime would not be in their own future best interests?
a. General deterrence
b. Retribution
c. Specific deterrence
d. Incapacitation
Which state was the first to authorize the appointment of a paid probation officer?
a. Alaska
b. Texas
c. Connecticut
d. Massachusetts
Sara had a midterm exam to study for and forgot about her court date. What will happen
to her?
a. a bounty hunter will come looking for her
b. she will have to pay the full amount of her bail
c. she can now ask for a new trial date
d. she will voluntarily check in to rehab
The Batsondoctrine holds that:
a. peremptory challenges based on race by the defense are unconstitutional
b. prosecutorial peremptory challenges based on race are unconstitutional
c. the use of "content" questions is unconstitutional
d. peremptory challenges may not be limited to less than five by state statute
What is considered to be the most widely cited source of criminal statistics?
a. Uniform Crime Reports
b. National Crime Victimization Surveys
c. National Indicators of Drug Abuse
d. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Since 1995, the New York Electronic Crimes Task Force has charged over 1000
individuals with electronic crime losses exceeding .
a. $1 million
b. $10 million
c. $1 billion
d. $10 billion
Creating a feeling of security is one of the major purposes of police patrol.
a. True
b. False
In the "new" inmate culture;
a. There is more importation of outside values and norms
b. African American and Latino inmates are more organized than whites
c. more inmates than ever before are assigned to protective custody
d. All of the above
According to the theory, collective violence may also be caused by prison
mismanagement, lack of strong security, and inadequate control of prison officials.
a. administrative control
b. administrative balance
c. inmate administrative
d. inmate balance
What data source relies on a multi-stage sample of housing units to collect information
about citizen's encounters with criminals?
a. Monitoring the Future Survey
b. National Crime Victimization Survey
c. National Incident-Based Reporting System
d. Uniform Crime Reports
Gregory was born in 1573, toward the end of the 16th century, to a poor family. They
stole money and food to survive. As one of the criminal poor, if he was ever caught he
wouldn"t be subject to the punishments that were provided to the rich that were mostly
exile and banishment. As time moves on Gregory has kids and grandkids and the
tradition of stealing to survive continued.
What was the most likely punishment during that time if Gregory did get caught
stealing?
a. exile and banishment
b. torture and corporal punishment
c. capital punishment (death)
d. hard labor
Which regions of the country usually have significantly higher rates of crime?
a. The Midwest and New England
b. The West and the South
c. The Midwest and the South
d. New England and the West
The contemporary criminal justice system is society's instrument of formal social
control.
a. True
b. False
What did the Court establish in Stackv.Boyle?
a. That misdemeanors are entitled to an absolute right to bail.
b. That only the most heinous and violent crimes are unbailable.
c. That all defendants are entitled to an absolute right to bail.
d. That if a crime is bailable, the amount set should not be frivolous, unusual, or beyond
a person's ability to pay under similar circumstance.
Self-report studies indicate a significant rise in the number of teens using drugs.
a. True
b. False
is the term used to describe the illegal use of the internet to buy or sell merchandise
online.
a. Cyber theft
b. Etailing fraud
c. Market manipulation
d. Denial of service attack
In the case of Blakelyv.Washington, the Court found that Washington state's sentencing
guidelines were in violation of the Amendment.
a. Fourth
b. Fifth
c. Sixth
d. Eighth
Which of the following is not an argument for the death penalty?
a. Use of discretion b. Incapacitation
c. Deterrence d. Proportional to the crime
Worldwide, estimates for illegal logging activities account for products worth at least
per year?
.
a. $1 billion
b. $5 billion
c. $10 billion
d. $15 billion
Less serious felonies make up the bottom layer (Level 4) of the criminal justice system
wedding cake.
a. True
b. False
A______ is a person who was responsible for an offender's behavior after release.
New generation jails allow for______ observation of residents.
_______has become an essential but controversial part of the administration of justice.
Elaborate the meaning of due process through the use of an example.
A child under the age of 7 who commits a crime will not be held criminally responsible
for their crimes is an example of __________________.
A law that inflicts a greater punishment than was available when the crime was
committed is termed a(n)_____law.
The____is a public-private partnership geared primarily toward equipping the private
sector with information and training to defend against terrorism.
The Court created a reasonableness standard for the use of force in the case of_____ .
According to______ theory, disruptions in life's major transitions can be destructive and
ultimately can promote criminality.
If the prosecutor decides to pursue a case, the charges may later be dropped if
conditions are not favorable for a conviction in a process called_____ .
_____is the term used to describe the process through which large numbers of cases are
systematically filtered out of the formal criminal justice process.
The origin of U.S. police agencies can be traced to early______ society.
Members of the lower social class may expect to get______ than more affluent
defendants
A(n)_____ is a sentence of incarceration that is not carried out unless the offender
disobeys the rules of probation while in the community.
The determination of guilt or innocence is called____ .
Crime, most simply, is a violation of_____ .
