Compared with school-age children, preschoolers
A) spend more time involved in tasks.
B) are more focused on tasks.
C) spend shorter times involved in tasks, but are less distractible.
D) spend shorter times involved in tasks and are easily distracted.
A __________ is a segment of DNA along the length of the chromosome.
A) phenotype
B) genotype
C) gene
D) gamete
Which of the following statements about marriage in late adulthood is true?
A) Marital satisfaction decreases from middle to late adulthood, when it is at its
low-point.
B) One in every four or five first marriages lasts at least 50 years, despite the high U.S.
divorce rate.
C) Late-life marriages involve more stressful responsibilities that can negatively affect
relationships.
D) Compared to younger couples, aging couples disagree more often and rate their
relationship as lower in quality.
As muscles adapt to an enlarging skeleton, children often experience
A) a decrease in flexibility.
B) nighttime “growing pains.”
C) a decreasing desire for physical exercise.
D) faster growth in the upper portions of the body.
Research on educational philosophies indicates that
A) constructivist classrooms tend to undermine academic motivation and achievement,
especially in low-SES children.
B) children in constructivist classrooms have a slight edge in academic achievement
over those in traditional classrooms.
C) constructivist classrooms are associated with gains in critical thinking and greater
social and moral maturity.
D) constructivist classrooms rely on passive student listening and completion of
teacher-assigned tasks.
Reflexes can help caregivers comfort a baby because they
A) are permanent, natural responses to stimulation.
B) remind the infant of its life in the womb.
C) reduce crying and promote sleep.
D) permit infants to control distress and amount of stimulation.
Bronfenbrenner’s macrosystem consists of
A) activities and interaction patterns in the individual’s immediate surroundings.
B) third parties that affect the quality of the parent”child relationship.
C) cultural values, laws, customs, and resources.
D) social settings that do not contain the developing person but nevertheless affect
experiences.
Compared with Caucasians, African Americans
A) are less involved in religious groups and activities.
B) offer less social support to members of their community.
C) are less likely to view themselves as role models for their children.
D) more often engage in certain types of generativity, such as involvement in religious
groups.
Which of the following is an example of a neural change in vision?
A) presbyopia
B) glaucoma
C) loss of rods and cones in the retina
D) development of opaque areas in the vitreous
Mr. and Mrs. Hale plan to have a baby. Physical and genetic examinations revealed
healthy reproductive systems and no family history of genetic disease. What additional
steps would you recommend they take to increase their chances of having a healthy
baby?
A) reducing or eliminating toxins under their control, taking prenatal vitamin”mineral
supplements, and ensuring proper nutrition
B) seeking gene therapy, genetic counseling, and genetic treatments
C) reducing or eliminating toxins under their control and seeking gene therapy
D) taking prenatal vitamin”mineral supplements, ensuring proper nutrition, and seeking
gene therapy
At Kohlberg’s conventional level,
A) behaviors that result in punishment are viewed as bad, while those that lead to
rewards are good.
B) individuals move beyond unquestioning support for their own society’s rules and
laws.
C) individuals believe that actively maintaining the current social system ensures
positive relationships and societal order.
D) individuals define morality in terms of abstract principles and values that apply to all
situations and societies.
Emma left home to attend college and lived on her own until she got married. As her
own children grew up and left home, her parenting responsibilities declined. She
eventually retired and her husband died. This series of phases that Emma has
experienced is referred to as the
A) family life cycle.
B) dual-loss model.
C) social clock.
D) cultural structure.
The placenta
A) forms in the second trimester of pregnancy.
B) encloses the developing organism in amniotic fluid.
C) contains one large vein that delivers nutrients to the embryo.
D) delivers food and oxygen to the developing organism.
Parents can foster adolescents’ moral understanding by
A) placing limits on their free time.
B) allowing them to make adult decisions without interference.
C) asserting their own personal opinions frequently.
D) asking clarifying questions.
About _____ percent of young people report getting information from parents about
intercourse, pregnancy prevention, and sexually transmitted disease.
A) 35
B) 50
C) 65
D) 80
Rochelle is taking a test in which she is asked to come up with as many different ways
as possible to make use of a straw. This is most likely a test of
A) convergent thinking.
B) divergent thinking.
C) practical intelligence.
D) analytic intelligence.
Freud’s psychosexual theory was eventually criticized because
A) it stressed the influence of the early parent”child relationship on development.
B) it overemphasized the influence of sexual feelings in development.
C) Freud had not directly studied adolescents or adults.
D) it ignored personality development.
The death of a __________ is the most difficult loss an adult can face.
A) spouse
B) parent
C) sibling
D) child
About 50 percent of adults over age 90 are affected by
A) Alzheimer’s disease.
B) emphysema.
C) dementia.
D) Parkinson’s disease.
Research on peer victimization shows that
A) in middle childhood, girls bully peers nearly as often as boys.
B) school codes against bullying are rarely effective at reducing peer victimization.
C) aggression and victimization are not polar opposites.
D) chronic victims tend to be active when passive behavior is expected.
Women with either BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations
A) are especially likely to develop breast cancer in middle to late adulthood.
B) are unlikely to develop breast cancer.
C) are especially likely to develop early-onset breast cancer.
D) will almost certainly develop breast cancer before age 65.
Early intervention programs
A) serve economically at-risk children and their parents.
B) are most effective during the preschool years.
C) in the U.S. are plentiful enough to meet the needs of poor families.
D) rarely improve the lives of poverty-stricken children.
Xavier believes everything his college professor says because she is in a respected
position. Xavier accepts what the professor says because he believes that knowledge is
certain and the professor has that knowledge. Xavier is engaged in
A) pragmatic thought.
B) dualistic thinking.
C) relativistic thinking.
D) commitment within relativistic thinking.
In Piaget’s theory, when children are in a state of disequilibrium,
A) they shift away from accommodation toward assimilation.
B) cognitive change is rapid.
C) they are likely to construct inefficient schemes.
D) assimilation and accommodation are balanced.
The positive impact of having academically and socially skilled peers is greatest for
teenagers whose parents are
A) authoritarian.
B) permissive.
C) authoritative.
D) uninvolved.
Certain that others are observing and thinking about them, teenagers develop an inflated
sense of their own importance known as
A) the imaginary audience.
B) the personal fable.
C) metacognition.
D) hypothetico-deductive reasoning.
After retirement, older adults’ problem-solving activities typically involve
A) relating to their children.
B) management of IADLs.
C) marital difficulties.
D) situations that arise in volunteer work.
__________ refers to control over actions that help infants get around in the
environment, whereas __________ has to do with smaller movements, such as reaching
and grasping.
A) Fine-motor development; gross-motor development
B) Sensorimotor development; gross-motor development
C) Lateralization; dynamic systems
D) Gross-motor development; fine-motor development
Compared to those in large urban areas, adults in small towns are __________ likely to
__________.
A) less; have contact with their children’s teachers
B) less; be actively involved in the community
C) more; become victims of crime
D) more; occupy positions of leadership
Which of the following statements about launching children and moving on is true?
A) The age at which midlifers experience their children’s departure is typically 40 to 45.
B) Most parents adjust well to their children’s departure from the home.
C) A strong home orientation, especially, predicts gains in life satisfaction after children
depart from the home.
D) Parents who have a greater difficulty with launching their children have more
positive relationships with their grown children.