Which of the following statements about surrogate motherhood is true?
A)Most surrogates have no children of their own.
B)Surrogates cannot be paid for their childbearing services.
C)It usually involves the wealthy as contractors for infants and the less economically
advantaged as surrogates.
D)It usually involves younger couples as contractors and older women as surrogates.
According to Piaget’s theory, when Baby D’Arcy sucks her thumb, she is demonstrating
A)goal-directed behavior.
B)a primary circular reaction.
C)a secondary circular reaction.
D)a tertiary circular reaction.
Social learning theory
A)emphasizes modeling, also known as imitation or observational learning, as a powerful
source of development.
B)maintains that behaviorism offers little or no effective explanation of the development of
children’s social behavior.
C)is criticized because it places little emphasis on how children are influenced by the
behavior of their parents and peers.
D)emphasizes classical over operant conditioning and relies heavily on the concepts of
psychoanalytic theory.
Tonya is pregnant for a second time. She hopes to have a natural labor, though her first
delivery was cesarean. You should advise Tonya that
A)she will be required to have a second cesarean delivery.
B)a natural labor after a cesarean is associated with increased rates of maternal death.
C)a natural labor after a cesarean is just as safe as a repeated cesarean delivery.
D)a natural labor after a cesarean is associated with slightly increased rates of rupture of
the uterus.
Adolescent __________ make more successful suicide attempts because they __________.
A)boys; more often choose techniques that lead to instant death
B)boys; are more likely to have permissive parents
C)girls; more often choose techniques that lead to instant death
D)girls; are more likely to identify as gender-atypical
__________ predict(s) children’s IQ beyond the contribution of parental IQ and
education.
A)Maternal age
B)Family living conditions
C)Provision of age-appropriate play materials
D)Quality child care
Which of the following statements about preschoolers’ computer use is true?
A)The majority of 2- to 4-year-olds have used a computer at one time or another, with
more than two-thirds doing so regularly.
B)Because computers can have educational benefits, most early childhood classrooms
include computer-learning centers.
C)Children under the age of 4 should never be permitted to use a computer, as no
educational programs exist for their age group.
D)Parental reports suggest that about half of U.S. preschoolers play computer-based games
so frequently that it has become a problem.
Group-administered IQ tests are useful for __________ and for __________.
A)reading evaluation; identifying zones of proximal development for a particular
classroom
B)research design; identifying areas for future investigational studies
C)instructional planning; identifying children who require more extensive evaluation
with individually administered tests
D)identifying children’s specific learning deficiencies; providing information to
improve their learning environments
Tiny fingerlike villi
A)emerge from the chorion.
B)become the skin.
C)become the nervous system.
D)develop the skeleton.
Which of the following statements is supported by research on emotional understanding?
A)Many 4- to 5-year-olds cannot correctly judge the causes of basic emotions.
B)By age 3, children appreciate that both desires and beliefs motivate behavior.
C)Preschoolers’ explanations of emotional states tend to emphasize external factors.
D)Preschoolers poorly infer how others are feeling based on their behavior.
When Moses says, “My ball is a circle,” his father relies, “Yes, your basketball is round,
just like a circle.” Moses’s father’s response is an example of
A)fast-mapping.
B)a recast.
C)an overregularization.
D)an expansion.
In making decisions, adolescents, more often than adults,
A)use sound decision-making strategies.
B)consider the far-reaching consequences of their decisions.
C)fall back on well-learned intuitive judgments.
D)emphasize long-term over short-term goals.
Which of the following motor skills is believed to play the greatest role in infant cognitive
development?
A)crawling
B)reaching
C)rolling from back to side
D)walking
Tomorrow is Election Day. If Aja is like the majority of other contemporary 18- to
29-year-olds, she will
A)vote by absentee ballot.
B)vote early.
C)vote in person the day of the election.
D)not vote.
In the __________ child-rearing style, parents do not gradually grant autonomy, but rather
allow children to make many of their own decisions at an age when they are not yet
capable of doing so.
A)authoritarian
B)permissive
C)authoritative
D)uninvolved
Two-year-old Grace believes that words are for talking about people’s feelings and needs.
Grace uses
A)an expressive style.
B)infant-directed speech (IDS).
C)a referential style.
D)an authoritative style.
Research shows that high-stakes testing cause teachers to spend large amounts of time on
A)writing skills.
B)drill-based exercises.
C)assignments that require high-level thinking.
D)the educational needs of the gifted and talented
Harvey, age 3, can probably
A)gallop and skip with one foot.
B)copy some numbers and simple words.
C)zip and unzip large zippers.
D)ride a tricycle rapidly and steer smoothly.