When asked about the disadvantages of parenthood, Americans and Europeans most often
cite
A)loss of privacy.
B)financial strain.
C)role overload.
D)work conflicts.
Identical twins Jada and Olivia were very similar in personality throughout childhood.
After high school, Jada majored in music and became an elementary school teacher, while
Olivia earned a medical degree and joined Doctors Without Borders, traveling to countries
gripped by war and epidemics. Later in life, Olivia was more prone to risk-taking than
Jada. This difference in personality is a result of
A)niche-picking.
B)alterations to Olivia’s chromosome-5 gene.
C)mutations in Olivia’s DD genetic makeup.
D)methylation.
Observation of which of the following children is likely to provide a researcher with the
most accurate long-term prediction of temperament?
A)Quinn, a newborn
B)Ava, age 12 months
C)Samantha, age 2
D)Tyson, age 4
Which of the following statements is supported by research on newborn odor preferences?
A)Newborns cannot distinguish between the smell of their mother€s breast and that of an
unfamiliar lactating woman.
B)Bottle-fed newborns orient more to the smell of formula milk than to unfamiliar human
milk.
C)Even without postnatal exposure, the odor of human milk is attractive to newborns.
D)Only breastfed babies prefer the smell of a lactating mother€s breast to formula.
Five to 10 percent of school-age children have
A)mild intellectual disabilities.
B)IQs above 130.
C)learning disabilities.
D)autism.
Which of the following statements about reducing prejudice is true?
A)Long-term contact and collaboration among neighborhoods, schools, and communities
may be the best way to reduce prejudice.
B)Children assigned to cooperative learning groups with peers of diverse backgrounds
have fewer prejudices even with regard to out-group members who are not part of the
learning teams.
C)School environments that expose children to broad ethnic diversity often cause children
to form negative biases about out-group members.
D)The more children believe that personalities are fixed, the more they report liking and
perceiving themselves as similar to members of disadvantaged out-groups.
Baby Kataro frequently experiences joint attention with his caregiver. This means that
Kataro will probably
A)have a short attention span.
B)be a late talker.
C)produce meaningful words earlier.
D)comprehend less language.
__________ commit the vast majority of child abuse incidents.
A)Nonparental family members
B)Child-care workers
C)Parents
D)Stepparents and foster parents
Throughout childhood and adolescence, girls
A)are slightly taller than boys.
B)are slightly heavier than boys.
C)have a higher ratio of fat to muscle than boys.
D)have more “baby fat” than boys.
The phonics approach to reading
A)claims that if reading is kept meaningful, children will be motivated to discover the
specific skills they need.
B)stresses the relationship between letters and sounds, thus enabling children to decode
words.
C)stresses an appreciation for word concepts in a story context.
D)allows children to decipher meanings of words by reading the words around them.
Jade received many positive and many negative votes on peer-acceptance self-reports from
the children in her class. How would Jade be classified?
A)popular
B)average
C)rejected
D)controversial
Which of the following statements about 8-year-old Aja is most likely true?
A)She has a lot of friends of varying ages.
B)She has a few good friends, who do not resemble her in personality.
C)She has only a handful of good friends, who, like Aja, do well in school.
D)She has a lot of friends of diverse ethnic and SES groups.
Adolescents begin to narrow their options in the __________ period of vocational
development.
A)fantasy
B)tentative
C)realistic
D)appraisal
Which of the following statements about birthrate trends between 1970 and 2012 is true?
A)The birthrate increased during this period for women 20 to 24 years of age.
B)The birthrate decreased during this period for women 25 years of age and older.
C)For women in their thirties, the birthrate during this period rose nearly fivefold.
D)The greatest decline in the birthrate during this period was for women in their thirties.