Eight-year-old Lin, a Chinese child, is likely to
A)say that telling the truth is always good.
B)say that telling a lie is always bad.
C)rate lying favorably when the intention is modesty.
D)favor lying to support the individual at the expense of the group.
Twenty-two of the 23 pairs of chromosomes are matching pairs called
A)sex chromosomes.
B)XX.
C)autosomes.
D)XY.
A study of children who were transferred between birth and 3½ years from extremely
deprived Romanian orphanages to adoptive families in Great Britain found that
A)the longer the children spent in orphanage care, the higher their mental test scores
during middle childhood and adolescence.
B)most children were impaired in all domains of development, but those who were
adopted before 6 months of age showed impressive cognitive catch-up.
C)children who experienced adequate early nutrition were not negatively affected by early
orphanage rearing.
D)serious mental health problems only appeared in those children who spent more than 2
years in an orphanage.
In the United States,
A)a significant portion of government spending is devoted to improving quality of child
care.
B)the Children’s Defense Fund is one of the most vigorous special interest groups devoted
to children.
C)the Convention on the Rights of the Child engages in research, education, and legal
action on behalf of children.
D)UNICEF is dedicated to advancing the economic security, health, and welfare of U.S.
children in low-income families.
Why should parents refrain from finding fault with their teenagers in public?
A)Teens tend to believe that they are the focus of everyone else’s attention and concern, so
critical remarks in public can be mortifying.
B)Parents tend to judge teen behavior incorrectly, so they run a higher risk of being critical
without a legitimate reason.
C)The best way to ride out the storms of adolescence is to appease teens as much as
possible as being critical will only create more problems.
D)Recent research has found that adolescents who suffer public criticism engage in higher
levels of delinquency than their peers.
At Kohlberg’s preconventional level, children accept the rules of authority figures and
judge actions
A)by their consequences.
B)by people’s intentions.
C)according to self-interest.
D)by their impact on social harmony.
Which of the following is likely to help increase girls’ self-confidence and participation in
athletics?
A)less emphasis on skill training for girls, as basic skills are already commensurate with
those of boys
B)educating parents about the minimal differences in school-age boys’ and girls’ physical
capacities
C)decreased attention to girls’ athletic achievements, to avoid embarrassment or undue
pressure
D)decreased attention to boys’ athletic achievements, because athletics are overemphasized
in American culture
Which of the following skills develops at the fastest pace during early childhood?
A)giving directions
B)drawing pictures
C)recognizing geometric shapes
D)using language
June’s mom is concerned that she is not eating a well-balanced diet. One solution is to
A)make sure she eats three healthy meals a day, but allow at least one junk food snack
between meals.
B)keep cheese, fruit, raw vegetables, and peanut butter readily available for snacks.
C)make sure to have new, novel healthy food items available for snacks.
D)allow her to make her own food choices because children naturally select balanced
diets.
Research collected from diverse countries on gender typing demonstrates that teachers
A)tend to negotiate with boys who misbehave, coming up with a joint plan to improve
behavior.
B)use more disapproval and controlling discipline with girls than with boys.
C)give more overall attention (both positive and negative) to boys than to girls.
D)seem to expect girls to misbehave more often than boys.
Exposure to multiple viewpoints during emerging adulthood
A)often confuses young people, thereby delaying commitment to life goals.
B)encourages young people to adopt rigid values and beliefs passed down from their
parents.
C)often causes young people to construct an internal working model of themselves as
flexible and supportive.
D)encourages young people to look more closely at themselves, thereby developing a more
complex self-concept.
When 12-month-old Barrett’s mom asks him, “Where is your teddy bear?” Barrett
responds by pointing to the place on his bed where the teddy bear usually rests. Barrett
is displaying
A)habituation and recovery.
B)inferred imitation.
C)displaced reference.
D)means-end problem solving.
Habituation and recovery seem to be an especially effective early index of intelligence
because they
A)indicate important sensorimotor milestones.
B)measure higher-order cognitive skills.
C)assess skills that underlie intelligent behavior at all ages.
D)reveal infants’ ability to process complex stimuli.
Accordingly to Case, once the schemes of a Piagetian stage are sufficiently automatic
and integrated into an improved representation, children acquire __________ that
permit them to think more effectively in a wide range of situations.
A)abstract ideas
B)primary systems
C)discontinuous structures
D)central conceptual structures
According to the concept of epigenesis,
A)development results from ongoing, bidirectional exchanges between heredity and all
levels of the environment.
B)children’s genetic makeup causes them to receive, evoke, and seek experiences that
actualize their inborn tendencies.
C)heredity restricts the development of some characteristics to just one or a few outcomes.
D)children’s genetic inheritance constrains their responsiveness to varying environments.