Colobine monkeys specialize in eating mature leaves, and are referred to as “leaf-eating
monkeys.”
Habitual bipedalism is the only form of hominin terrestrial locomotion.
The mean cranial capacity for Homo erectus is 900 cm3
Our ability to store fat was adaptive in the past but is maladaptive in industrialized
societies.
Much of what we know about the history of life comes from studying fossils.
Recent genetic evidence confirms that some interbreeding took place between
Neandertals and H. sapiens sometime between 80,000 and 50,000.
The fact that Strepsirhinis evolved before the anthropoids indicates that anthropoids are
more evolved.
New evidence from Zhoukoudian cave has substantiated the long held notion that
Homo erectus used controlled fire.
The Acheulian biface or “hand axe” is a basic tool of the Acheulian tradition.
The Gran Dolina human remains are definitely Homo erectus.
When African migrants came into contact with premodern humans living in Eurasia,
some interbreeding occurred.
The first modern Homo sapiens evolved from Western Europe.
The contemporary diet typical of industrialized societies is basically unchanged from
preagricultural diets.
The dental formula for an Old World anthropoid is 2.1.2.3.
Francis Galton, Darwin’s cousin, originated the eugenics approach to “race
improvement.”
The term race currently has only biological connotations and is without any social
significance.
The most interesting fact about human skin color is that there appears to be no adaptive
significance whatsoever to population-level variations in skin color.
All analyses have shown that Homo erectus hominins represent a different hominin than
their more ancient African predecessors.
Destruction of natural resources in the past has severe consequences for people living
today.
Anthropology can be applied to practical issues outside the university setting.
Kamaya Kimeu discovered the most complete Homo erectus at Zhoukoudian.
Transfer RNA forms a copy of the DNA molecule during translation.
Physical/biological anthropologists are only interested in the human fossil record.
We credit Erasmus Darwin with significantly influencing Charles Darwin’s evolutionary
thinking.
Large primate groups are advantageous because they increase the likelihood of early
predator detection.
The Dmanisi cranial remains show that the very early European specimens had large
brains.
The Cenozoic era is considered the age of mammals due to the vast diversification that
took place.
Far more important than genes in the aging process are lifestyle factors.
Polygenic traits account for few, if any, of the readily observable phenotypic variation
seen in humans.
It now appears likely that cultural traditions relating to stone tool technology were
largely equivalent over the full geographical range of H. erectus and its contemporaries.
Anders Retzius was the first European scientist to classify humans into races.
Kanzi the bonobo learned to produce sharp flakes by throwing rocks to the ground.
Lagar Velho is an important Upper Paleolithic site located in the Near East.
According to the text, people are increasingly turning to environmental cues derived
from sights, sounds, smells, and tactile sensations.
Hominin emergence is characterized by the simultaneous appearance of bipedalism,
toolmaking behavior, and a large brain.
There are less than 650 Mountain Gorillas left in existence.
Melanin production is the result of interactions between several different loci.
An analysis of the WT 15000 specimen suggests it would only have been about 4 feet
tall at maturity.
Thanks to the modern medicine, many infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and
cholera are no longer a threat to human populations.
Radiometric dating techniques
a. are not based on the phenomenon of radioactive isotope decay rates
b. can be used to determine the absolute age of organic materials
c. include the K/Ar but not carbon-14 methods
d. are a form of stratigraphy
e. are relative dating techniques
Which of the following are not hominoids?
a. bonobos
b. gorillas
c. orangutans
d. chimpanzees
e. baboons
As discussed in the text, long-term continental drift had significant evolutionary
ramifications because
a. groups of animals were no longer isolated from each other by oceans.
b. the distribution of mammals and other land vertebrates were unaffected.
c. geological activities induced volcanic activities which decimated populations of
placental mammals.
d. groups of animals were isolated from each other by oceans.
e. scientists can map the changes that occurred.
What is the term for the condition of two copies of the same allele being present in the
genotype?
a. dominant
b. codominant
c. recessive
d. homozygous
e. segregated
What are disease-causing organisms such as bacteria and viruses called?
a. pathogens
b. vectors
c. pandemics
d. endemics.
e. antigens
Where have the fossil remains of the Miocene Hominoids not been found?
a. Africa
b. Europe
c. Asia
d. North America
e. Turkey
Kabwe, Bodo, Florisbad, Elandsfontein and Laetoli are sites that evidence premodern
Homo sapiens and are located in
a. Europe
b. Africa
c. Central Asia
d. China
e. Iraq
What is the term for the rapid expansion and diversification of groups of organisms into
newly available ecological niches?
a. generalization
b. homology
c. parallel evolution
d. adaptive radiation
e. specialization
Which statement concerning the F1 plants in Mendel’s experiments is false?
a. They were hybrids.
b. They were heterozygous for the traits in question.
c. Their parents were homozygous for the traits in question.
d. All F1s displayed the dominant trait in their phenotype.
e. All F1s displayed the recessive trait in their phenotype.
The Mousterian stone tool tradition
a. was developed by Homo erectus.
b. is associated with Neandertals only.
c. is found in Asia only.
d. is found in Western Europe only.
e. is not always associated with just Neandertals, since sometimes it is found with
modern humans.
Dated to approximately 500,000-400,000 years ago, the site of______________has
yielded a sample of 4,000 fossil fragments representing about twenty-eight premodern
Homo sapiens individuals, more than 80% of all Middle Pleistocene hominin remains in
the world.
a. Ehringsdorf
b. Sima de los Huesos
c. Steinheim
d. Swanscombe
e. Petralona
What does K-selection refer to?
a. species that produce large numbers of offspring and invest little to no parental care
b. species that become extinct after a few generations
c. species that produce relatively few offspring but invest a large amount of parental
care
d. only egg-laying species
e. all species except primates
The Middle Pleistocene began about _____ years ago and ended______years ago.
a. 125,000, 780,000
b. 500,000, 125,000
c. 10,000, 7,000
d. 780,000, 125,000
e. 180,000, 100,000
Early rock art from Africa may be as old as ________ years.
a. 10,000
b. 68,000
c. 100,000
d. 28,000
e. 40,000
What is a hypothesis?
a. It is a statement that has been proven to be true.
b. It is equivalent to a theory.
c. It is a provisional statement regarding certain scientific facts or observations.
d. It is proof of a theory.
e. It is a fact from which conclusions can be drawn.
Neandertal skeletal remains indicate that they extended their range to the east, far into
Central Asia, but as yet no remains have been found in
a. Israel
b. Southern Siberia
c. Iraq
d. Uzbekistan
e. China
The cranial remains from Dmanisi are characteristic of all of the following except
a. are easily distinguishable from modern Homo sapiens
b. bear some similarities to early Homo specimens from East Africa
c. bear similarities to australopithecus specimens
d. have very small cranial capacities
e. are different from other hominins outside Africa
Humans and New World monkeys both have a 2.1.2.3 dental formula.
The two strands of a chromosome are joined at a constricted area called the
a. autosome
b. ribosome
c. centromere
d. nucleotide
e. cytoplasm
What is the term for the theory stating that characteristics acquired during the lifetime
of an individual could be passed on to that individual’s offspring?
a. natural selection
b. catastrophism
c. use-disuse theory
d. uniformitarianism
e. fixity of species
The Homo erectus fossils from the Lantian sites in China are dated to______ years old.
a. 300,000
b. 1.52 million
c. 500,000
d. 1.15 million
e. 800,000 to 450,000
Homo erectus differs most distinctly from both early Homo and Homo sapiens in
a. the postcranial skeleton
b. the way they walked
c. height
d. cranial size
e. weight
The A. afarensis hand, wrist, and foot bones are indistinguishable from those of modern
humans.
Which of the following produces genetic variation in populations?
a. mitosis
b. meiosis
c. nondisjunction
d. replication
e. recombination
The ABO system is interesting from an anthropological perspective because it
a. illustrates that allele frequencies do NOT vary among populations
b. illustrates that some allele frequencies DO vary among populations
c. demonstrates that natural selection does not alter allele frequencies
d. has never been convincingly demonstrated for any allele
e. is no longer present in human populations
The Upper Paleolithic culture period began in Western Europe about ________ years
ago.
a. 40,000
b. 10,000
c. 5,000
d. 70,000
e. 100,000
Cells
a. are the basic units of life
b. usually do not have DNA
c. only have a nucleus and no cytoplasm
d. are only inherited from one parent
e. originated on earth approximately 5 million years ago
______ is the practical application of the subfields of anthropology.
a. Linguistics
b. Archaeology
c. Applied anthropology
d. Physical anthropology
e. Cultural anthropology
Life history theory
a. does not seek to answer why humans have long periods of infancy and childhood
b. does not have an evolutionary perspective
c. seeks to understand the impact of natural selection on life cycles
d. allows us to predict the timing of reproduction under less than favorable conditions
e. suggests that the life course is not a series of trade offs
Charles Darwin
a. grew up in modest circumstances
b. began to doubt the fixity of species during a voyage around the world in the 1830s
c. received no formal education
d. spent two years in Africa where he developed the theory of natural selection
e. was a physician who studied natural history as a hobby
Which of the following methods are not used to identify hominin fossil sites?
a. aerial photography
b. satellite photography
c. geological surveys
d. water reside analysis
e. vertebrate paleontology
How many chromosome pairs occur in a normal human somatic cell?
a. 24
b. 23
c. 26
d. 25
e. 22
Darwin
a. was reluctant to publish his theories
b. wrote his theory of natural selection while still on board the Beagle
c. published his theories as soon as he returned from his voyage on the Beagle
d. was not concerned with public opinion and did not mind if his theories were
criticized
e. knew his friends and colleagues would not be affected by the publication of his
theory