40. True or false? Confabulation is making up facts to cover up or mask one’s defensiveness.
41. In what ways do people from different cultures listen differently? Considering what you have learned about
high-context cultures and low-context cultures in Chapter 6, what connections can you infer about the cultural
differences between verbal and nonverbal behavior and listening behaviors?
42. What are the goals of analytical, critical, and relational listening? What, specifically, can a listener do to
improve their ability to meet each of these listening goals?
43. Provide an example of a defensive listening behavior.
44. Provide an example of an environmental factor that you consider a listening barrier in this classroom.
45. Compare and contrast the four listening goals. In what types of contexts would each style be particularly
effective and appropriate?
46. What listening behaviors would you characterize as unethical? Synthesizing what you know about ethics
and the transactional nature of communication, explain why these behaviors would be characterized as unethical
and not merely ineffective.
47. How does listening differ in mediated contexts versus face-to-face interactions? Synthesizing what you
learned about how to listen well to accomplish each of the four listening goals, as well as how to overcome
various listening barriers, what advice would you give to someone who wants to improve their listening ability
communicating through technology?
48. Explain the concept of critical listening. How does one go about thinking critically in the role of a listener?
49. Briefly describe a situation in which you or someone you knew were required to engage in relational
listening. What strategies discussed in the text did you or could you have used?
50. Define critical listening.
51. Describe the difference between attacking and ambushing.
52. How does gender influence listening behaviors? Synthesizing what you have learned about gender in this
and other chapters of the book, what do you think is at the root of these differences?
53. Describe the five steps in the cognitive and behavioral components of the listening process. Using a detailed
narrative example, illustrate what a communicator would be doing at each of the five stages.