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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. True or false? Edward Hall discovered that the most comfortable space for communication within
professional contexts, such as business meetings, is the personal zone.
a.
True
b.
False
2. During a church service, you silently hold one finger up to your mouth to communicate nonverbally to your
little brother that he must be quiet. What category of body movement are you using to communicate your
message?
a.
illustrator
b.
adaptor
c.
emblem
d.
affect display
3. True or false? Complementing behaviors mirror the verbal message they accompany.
a.
True
b.
False
4. What occurs when one set of a person’s behaviors says one thing and another set of his or her behaviors says
something different?
a.
feedback
b.
channel discrepancy
c.
distortion
d.
deception
5. True or false? Immediacy refers to how quickly or slowly a communicator responds with feedback.
a.
True
b.
False
6. True or false? Because nonverbal communication is more natural and spontaneous than verbal
communication, nonverbal communication is more easily understood.
a.
True
b.
False
7. True or false? Sign language is an example of nonverbal communication.
a.
True
b.
False
8. True or false? The truth–default theory suggests that people have the general tendency to not believe others
and suspect deception.
a.
True
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b.
False
9. “The process of intentionally or unintentionally signaling meaning through behavior other than words”
defines which term?
a.
verbal communication
b.
nonverbal communication
c.
decoding
d.
encoding
10. True or false? It is recommended that we avoid using back-channel cues because they interrupt the speaker
and result in our monopolizing the conversation.
a.
True
b.
False
11. Elements like pitch, volume, rate, and other vocal qualities are called:
a.
body language.
b.
phonolesics.
c.
paralanguage.
d.
oculesics.
12. True or false? While you are engaged in a heated telephone conversation with one of your coworkers, your
roommate walks up and asks you a question. Without breaking from the telephone conversation, you hold your
hand out toward your roommate as if to say, “Not now—I’m on the phone.” In this scenario, your nonverbal
behaviors serve the adaptive function.
a.
True
b.
False
13. You see a friend across the room at a crowded party, but it’s too loud for you to say hello from this distance.
Instead, you make eye contact with him and nod your head as an acknowledgment and greeting. Which term
best fits the function of your nonverbal behavior?
a.
accenting
b.
substituting
c.
contradicting
d.
repeating
14. A noncontact culture is one in which members:
a.
prefer to be individuals rather than part of a group.
b.
prefer to be anonymous members of a group.
c.
regard touch as an important form of communication.
d.
are touch-sensitive or even tend to avoid touch.
15. True or false? A polite handshake between colleagues would be defined as functional–professional touch.
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a.
True
b.
False
16. Public displays of affection are sometimes upsetting to others because of a difference in various
communicators’ perceptions of the dimension of communication known as:
a.
informal–formal.
b.
appropriate–inappropriate.
c.
public–private.
d.
intimate–social.
17. True or false? Research in nonverbal communication has concluded that it is, indeed, possible to accurately
determine if another person is lying just by monitoring that person’s nonverbal behavior.
a.
True
b.
False
18. Which would be considered an artifact?
a.
the length of your hair
b.
the Chicago Cubs baseball cap your friend wears
c.
the size and shape of your friend’s nose
d.
how tall you are
19. Your friend asks you how you’re doing, and you say, “OK,” while holding up your hand in the gesture
Americans understand to be the OK sign. What reinforcing behavior are you using to clarify your message?
a.
repeating
b.
complementing
c.
accenting
d.
substituting
20. Audiences prefer speakers who use eye contact behaviors that scan the audience, making each member or
section of the audience feel like the speaker has addressed them specifically. This knowledge falls under the
category of:
a.
proxemics.
b.
kinesics.
c.
chronemics.
d.
oculesics.
21. True or false? How people perceive the use of time and how they structure time in their relationships is an
element of nonverbal communication.
a.
True
b.
False
22. Which spatial zone identified by Edward Hall is generally reserved for spouses or romantic partners?
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a.
intimate
b.
interpersonal
c.
personal
d.
social
23. Vocalizations like “uh–huh,” “oh,” and “hmm” that encourage others to continue speaking or indicate that
we would like to speak are called:
a.
encouragers.
b.
verbal responders.
c.
back-channel cues.
d.
channel discrepancies.
24. Which is an example of a nonverbal behavior?
a.
You write a note asking your roommate to pick up your mail while you’re out of town.
b.
You use American Sign Language to fingerspell your name with your new deaf colleague.
c.
You wave an old friend over to sit with you at lunch in the cafeteria.
d.
You email your professor to ask for feedback on your outline draft for your speech.
25. True or false? Making direct eye contact with another person is considered to be a sign of interest and
respect throughout the world.
a.
True
b.
False
26. When you nod your head yes, but say the word “no,” your nonverbal communication is:
a.
repeating verbal communication.
b.
complementing verbal communication.
c.
substituting verbal communication.
d.
contradicting verbal communication.
27. While delivering your presentation, you begin to twist the ring on your right hand and your right leg begins
to shake. What category of body movement is illustrated in this example?
a.
illustrator
b.
adaptor
c.
emblem
d.
regulator
28. True or false? Affect displays are usually unintentional actions that show a person’s emotion.
a.
True
b.
False
29. True or false? Vocal elements like pitch, rate, and volume are elements of nonverbal communication.
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a.
True
b.
False
30. True or false? When a person’s nonverbal behavior contradicts his or her verbal communication, we tend to
believe the verbal message because it is more intentional.
a.
True
b.
False
31. True or false? Masking refers to the intentional concealment of a person’s true emotion by displaying a
facial expression that is more appropriate in a given interaction.
a.
True
b.
False
32. True or false? The use of touch can send powerful messages of caring and comfort, as well as of control,
and can serve a regulating purpose in our interactions.
a.
True
b.
False
33. True or false? You and your significant other like to revisit the restaurant where you had your first date and
always request to sit at the same table where you first sat. On your anniversary, you arrive at the restaurant to
find another couple sitting at “your table,” and you feel frustrated. Your claiming of the table would be referred
to as a proxemic behavior.
a.
True
b.
False
34. True or false? Gestures that are nonverbal, and not part of an organized sign language, cannot substitute for
a verbal message.
a.
True
b.
False
35. True or false? Research indicates that infants tend to smile more when they receive direct eye gaze from
another person than they do when the other’s eyes are averted.
a.
True
b.
False
36. You oversleep on the morning of your job interview. You meant to be there 10 minutes early to show how
responsible you are, but unfortunately you arrive late. You plead your case to the administrative assistant, but he
explains that the hiring manager is no longer interested in interviewing you because of your tardiness. This
example illustrates the power of which nonverbal code?
a.
oculesics
b.
proxemics
c.
chronemics
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d.
kinesics
37. True or false? Immediacy cues, such as smiling, nodding in agreement, and pausing to allow others to
speak, can foster a closer working relationship between people.
a.
True
b.
False
38. You’re babysitting your niece, a toddler. When she wakes up, she cries out because she misses her mom and
dad. You rush upstairs, pick her up, and rock her in your lap until she calms down and falls back to sleep. What
type of nonverbal communication are you using to communicate your caring toward your niece?
a.
oculesics
b.
proxemics
c.
haptics
d.
chronemics
39. True or false? Nearly all facial expressions are innate and universal while only a few are learned culturally.
a.
True
b.
False
40. True or false? Text-based conventions play no role in compensating for the lack of nonverbal cues.
a.
True
b.
False
41. Nonverbal behaviors that coordinate verbal interaction by helping us navigate the back-and-forth of
communication in a constructive, appropriate manner are serving which function?
a.
accenting
b.
repeating
c.
regulating
d.
substituting
42. True or false? Personal space requirements change according to the situational, relational, and cultural
contexts of the communication.
a.
True
b.
False
43. True or false? Research cited in your textbook indicates that physical attractiveness is an important factor
when it comes to dating but has little impact on other parts of social interaction.
a.
True
b.
False
44. True or false? When your little sister brings home the MVP trophy from her softball tournament, you say,
“Good job!” while simultaneously giving her a “thumbs–up” sign. We would say that your nonverbal behavior
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was repeating your verbal message.
a.
True
b.
False
45. What is commonly referred to as “body language” is actually the way gestures and body movements send
nonverbal messages, which is known as:
a.
kinesics.
b.
proxemics.
c.
oculesics.
d.
chronemics.
46. True or false? One way that nonverbal communication differs from verbal communication is that nonverbal
symbols do not need to be interpreted by the receiver.
a.
True
b.
False
47. True or false? The location or environment, the event, and the level of touch are all indicators that might
help us determine the informal–formal dimension of the situational context.
a.
True
b.
False
48. True or false? Vocal sounds such as a sigh, a yawn, or laughter are considered vocalizations.
a.
True
b.
False
49. True or false? Using nonverbal behaviors to contradict one’s verbal message may create a sarcastic tone.
a.
True
b.
False
50. Define oculesics and provide an example of how someone would use it to communicate.
51. How is the voice used to communicate nonverbally? What distinguishes vocal nonverbal communication
from verbal communication? Describe a scenario where a person would communicate vocally as a substitution
for a verbal message.
52. List the four spatial zones identified by Edward Hall discussed in the textbook.
53. Define immediacy as it would be communicated through nonverbal communication.
54. Jim is 75 years old and recently got his first personal computer. He has discovered the world of chatting
online and is excited about the opportunity to make friends with similar interests throughout the world.
Unfortunately, he’s also discovered that it’s tricky to navigate this new communication world because of the
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lack of nonverbal cues. He often finds himself being misunderstood by others and is confused about how to
interpret what others communicate to him. What advice do you have for Jim about how to encode and decode or
interpret subtle nonverbal cues when communicating online?
55. Using a brief example, illustrate how a communicator could use nonverbal behavior to accent a verbal
message.
56. Contrast the public–private dimension of the situational context with the informal–formal dimension.
57. Synthesizing what you have learned throughout this chapter, explain the functions that facial expressions
serve in our communication. Explain how we know that some facial expressions are inborn rather than learned
behaviors.
58. Identify one artifact you are using right now and briefly describe what you believe it may be communicating
about you to your classmates and professor.
59. What is the difference between a contact and a noncontact culture?
60. How do humans use their eye behavior to communicate with one another? Pulling together information
from this chapter, describe how eye behavior functions as part of the communication process. What should we
be aware of with respect to eye behavior when we communicate with someone from another culture?
61. List four of the seven facial expressions that appear to be inborn and exhibited across cultures as well as
among people who are blind and have never had the opportunity to imitate others’ facial expressions.
62. Kiyomi has recently moved to the United States from Japan in order to attend college. She has also decided
to work part time to gain some experience in a Western workplace. What would you explain to her about the
cultural elements of our various nonverbal codes to help her learn to communicate competently?
63. Using one of your experiences, provide a brief example of a time when someone’s nonverbal behavior
contradicted their verbal message and you found the nonverbal message to be more believable.
64. Briefly explain why sign language would not be considered nonverbal communication.
65. What types of cues might a teacher look for as a sign of deception in a student’s behavior? Why would the
teacher want to be skeptical of assuming that these cues are actually a sign of deception?
66. List, describe, and provide an example of the six functions of nonverbal communication discussed in your
textbook.
67. Describe one element of the physical environment in your favorite public place to hang out with friends (a
restaurant, café, pub, etc.), and what that aspect of the environment communicates to patrons.
68. Briefly describe the interaction management function of nonverbal communication and give an example of a
behavior that regulates the back-and-forth flow of communication.
69. Provide some examples of the ways in which a person’s environment sends nonverbal messages to others.
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70. Describe the ways in which physical appearance and artifacts serve as communication behaviors. How does
being physically attractive appear to benefit a person?
71. Define nonverbal communication.
72. Explain why nonverbal communication is not a language and what is meant when nonverbal communication
is described as “often spontaneous and unintentional communication that is ambiguous and more believable
than verbal communication.”
73. Give an example of functional–professional touch you have either provided to a customer or client or that
you have received as a customer or client.
74. List four of the five styles of touch that are categorized along the intimacy continuum.
75. Define chronemics and provide an example of a time you have used it to communicate with someone.
76. What is one example of something people do when sending an email or chatting online to substitute for the
lack of nonverbal communication channels?
77. List and define the categories of body movements, or kinesic behaviors, discussed in your text. Using a
detailed narrative example, illustrate how all of these behaviors might be used to communicate within a single
conversation.
78. What is the difference between a nonverbal message that repeats a verbal message and one that
complements a verbal message?
79. Provide an example of an illustrator and an affect display.
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