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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. In general, the younger the audience, the harder it is to convince them to think about long-term goals.
a.
True
b.
False
2. Which component of the audience’s belief system is EASIEST to change?
a.
values
b.
beliefs
c.
wishes
d.
attitudes
3. “What a person is most concerned with changes over the course of their life. They may initially be focused
only on their basic needs and later be interested in serving the community.” This statement summarizes which
person’s beliefs?
a.
Kenneth Burke
b.
Erik Erikson
c.
Karl Marx
d.
Milton Rokeach
4. Which would have the GREATEST appeal to a person in the teenage crisis?
a.
appeals focused on the present
b.
promises of career success
c.
long-term financial goals
d.
reasoned, emotional appeals
5. Cedric is speaking about teenage birth control use to a largely anti–birth control group that consists mostly of
young and middle-age adults. In this situation, which statement is MOST likely to help foster goodwill with the
audience?
a.
“We all want the best for our children. We want them to have every opportunity to succeed. So let’s
consider how we can help them.”
b.
“I know you disagree with me, but I’m going to show you why you’re wrong—and believe me, you’ll
come around!”
c.
“This is a controversial topic, I know, so I’m going to avoid getting too granular.”
d.
“Birth control is a fundamental right of all women, and women should not be shamed when they
practice family planning.”
6. Adika was born in Kenya but has lived in the United States for many years. He speaks English fluently, has
adopted American mannerisms, and enjoys spending time watching American football. He views himself as an
American. American would be considered Adika’s:
a.
social identity.
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b.
disposition.
c.
ethnic identity.
d.
racial identification.
7. According to Sigmund Freud, most people want to be:
a.
recognized.
b.
flattered.
c.
alone.
d.
changed.
8. Which term refers to a group of people who have the same or similar physical characteristics based on visible
traits or social relations?
a.
sexual orientation
b.
gender identity
c.
ethnic identity
d.
race
9. Based on their life crisis stage, which speech topic would be MOST appropriate for an audience of high
school students?
a.
ways to gain financial independence
b.
the importance of starting a retirement plan
c.
how to reduce or prevent the signs of aging
d.
tips for ways to exercise while at work
10. Alison strives to be a good person and tries to be trustworthy by always doing what she says she will do.
Her perception of herself as a trustworthy person is an example of what?
a.
an attitude
b.
a belief
c.
a wish
d.
a value
11. While at work, Enzo thinks about how he had imagined that by this time in his life he would be further
along in his career and making more money. He worries about being able to provide for the new baby he and his
partner are expecting. What life crisis stage is Enzo likely in?
a.
teenage
b.
twenties and thirties
c.
midlife
d.
old age
12. Joel says he does not like board games. This is BEST described as his
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a.
wish.
b.
attitude.
c.
value.
d.
belief.
13. Examples of sound reinforcement include the use of microphones and slide-sharing technology.
a.
True
b.
False
14. Scholars who study audiences most commonly break down identity characteristics into:
a.
disposition categories.
b.
stereotypes.
c.
demography.
d.
attitudes and values.
15. During which life crisis do people crave basic needs and attention?
a.
child
b.
teenage
c.
twenties and thirties
d.
midlife
16. “All compelling speakers find a way to connect with—or identify with—their audiences.” Which person is
associated with this idea?
a.
Kenneth Burke
b.
Karl Marx
c.
Erik Erikson
d.
Milton Rokeach
17. What is the danger is presenting a purely logical speech to an audience, without including emotion or
feelings?
a.
Only the terminal values of the audience are being addressed.
b.
It relies on changing a person’s beliefs, which is very difficult to do.
c.
It addresses only part of the listener, rather than the whole listener.
d.
Audiences do not respond to logical arguments; rather, they respond to emotion.
18. Thinking about the average age of an audience and what stage of life they are in will help speakers make
informed guesses about the audience’s:
a.
gender identity.
b.
values.
c.
sexual orientations.
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d.
socioeconomic statuses.
19. Internet audiences, or unknown audiences, are groups of individuals who are brought together by a given
message and who may or may not share common characteristics.
a.
True
b.
False
20. Popular culture references would be MOST unappealing to those in the old-age crisis group.
a.
True
b.
False
21. According to Milton Rokeach, what members of an audience hear is filtered through their:
a.
identification.
b.
beliefs, attitudes, and values.
c.
natural disposition.
d.
desire for approval.
22. According to Sigmund Freud, why do humans desire love?
a.
Humans are fundamentally “feeling” creatures.
b.
Humans are inherently separated.
c.
Humans are ever evolving.
d.
Humans are essentially all the same.
23. A belief is a core idea that is nearly impossible to change.
a.
True
b.
False
24. Before giving her speech at a conference, Whitney sends the attendees a questionnaire to complete. The
questionnaire includes questions about age, gender, and profession. What is this an example of?
a.
sound reinforcement
b.
stereotyping
c.
audience analysis
d.
identification
25. The shared sense of identity between or among two or more people is called identification.
a.
True
b.
False
26. Threats about long-term consequences would NOT be appealing to teenagers.
a.
True
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b.
False
27. In general, the larger the audience, the more prepared a speaker should be.
a.
True
b.
False
28. Giselle is giving a speech that includes a number of examples of relationships. She purposefully includes
examples of lesbians, gay men, and bisexual persons, in addition to heterosexual persons. By doing this, Giselle
is showing consideration for the audience’s:
a.
social norms.
b.
sexual orientation.
c.
gender identity.
d.
ethnic identity.
29. Damon describes himself as belonging to a specific group that shares a language, cultural practices, and
styles. Damon is describing his:
a.
sexual orientation.
b.
gender identity.
c.
race.
d.
ethnic identity.
30. Mary’s parents were born in Mexico and moved to the United States before she was born. Even though
Mary does not speak Spanish and has never been to Mexico, what about Mary is Hispanic?
a.
her social identity
b.
her national orientation
c.
her race
d.
her ethnic identity
31. Which technology may be effective for informal speeches to smaller audiences but would be ill advised for
large audiences?
a.
microphone
b.
PowerPoint
c.
amplifier
d.
flip board
32. Which are rules that help establish ideas of what it means to be a man, woman, or nonbinary individual?
a.
sexual orientation
b.
social norms
c.
sex
d.
sexual identity
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33. Most of Devonte’s actions are driven by his desire to keep his family financially secure. What is this an
example of?
a.
terminal values
b.
beliefs
c.
attitudes
d.
feelings
34. What aspect of public speaking is directly affected by the size of the space?
a.
the speaker’s expressions and gestures
b.
the length of the speech
c.
the need for identification with the audience
d.
the type to audience analysis to be performed
35. One goal of psychological audience analysis is to anticipate the audience’s
a.
feelings.
b.
income.
c.
sexual orientation.
d.
occupation.
36. Who argued that understanding a society’s class system helps people understand that society better?
a.
Karl Marx
b.
Kenneth Burke
c.
Erik Erikson
d.
Milton Rokeach
37. A speaker asks the host of an event who will be present for the speech. This is a form of:
a.
identification.
b.
demography.
c.
formal audience analysis.
d.
informal audience analysis.
38. Which term refers to the gender identity of those with whom a person chooses to be intimate?
a.
social norm
b.
sex
c.
sexual orientation
d.
ethnic identification
39. Kevin assumes that his new friend, Haruto, likes wasabi, a Japanese condiment, because he is Japanese.
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This is an example of Kevin applying:
a.
self-concepts.
b.
demography.
c.
stereotypes.
d.
subtleties.
40. According to Rokeach, an attitude is a cluster of
a.
wishes.
b.
beliefs.
c.
values.
d.
feelings.
41. Which type of audience would be considered an unknown audience?
a.
soccer team
b.
online chatroom
c.
classroom of students
d.
young professionals committee meeting
42. Standards for the respectful treatment of diverse audiences are universal.
a.
True
b.
False
43. Using PowerPoint during a speech is an example of:
a.
audience analysis.
b.
technology use.
c.
sound reinforcement.
d.
audience disposition.
44. Conducting a focus group of current customers before designing a new website for a company is a form of
informal audience analysis.
a.
True
b.
False
45. Which is a requirement of identification according to Kenneth Burke?
a.
terminal values
b.
differing worldviews
c.
prior separation
d.
unconscious wishes
46. A person who is most concerned with the reality of aging and death is likely in which life crisis stage?
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a.
teenage
b.
twenties and thirties
c.
midlife
d.
old age
47. Josephine has been giving a lot of thought lately to what her legacy will be when she dies. As a result, she
has been particularly interested in appeals that focus on how she can contribute to her community. What life
crisis stage is Josephine likely in?
a.
teenage
b.
twenties and thirties
c.
midlife
d.
old age
48. What did Sigmund Freud argue was each person’s motivation?
a.
unconscious wishes
b.
flattery
c.
religious beliefs
d.
values
49. Which person is expressing a belief?
a.
Nilsen, who says, “Food is no longer safe after the expiration date has passed.”
b.
Veda, who says, “I absolutely love Ryan Reynolds!”
c.
Cecil, who says, “I wish I could travel the world.”
d.
Fleur, who says, “Family is the most important thing in the world.”
50. Why does stereotyping so commonly happen unconsciously?
a.
Human brains try to quickly categorize complex information.
b.
Humans are contradictory creatures who dislike directly confronting their own contradictions.
c.
Humans have a tendency to separate logical reasoning from emotional feelings.
d.
Humans are naturally inquisitive and always seeking out new information.
51. In nearly every speaking situation, speakers are revisiting what Sigmund Freud and others have determined
is the fundamental human tension between what two things?
a.
openness and privacy
b.
connection and independence
c.
introversion and extroversion
d.
confidence and insecurity
52. During which life crisis stage are people most concerned with career decisions and friendships?
a.
teenage
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b.
twenties and thirties
c.
midlife
d.
old age
53. Alex is biologically a male and is attracted to those who identify as male. His attraction to those who
identify as male is considered his:
a.
sexual orientation.
b.
gender identity.
c.
sex.
d.
ethnic identity.
54. The descriptors “man,” “woman,” “agender,” and “gender fluid” refer to a person’s:
a.
sexual orientation.
b.
social norms.
c.
sex.
d.
gender.
55. According to Kenneth Burke, what is the result of flattery?
a.
Strangers no longer seem “strange.”
b.
Audience members agree with the speaker.
c.
The message sent and the message received fall out of alignment.
d.
The listener becomes less trustful of the speaker.
56. Who developed identity crisis theory?
a.
Erik Erikson
b.
Sigmund Freud
c.
Karl Marx
d.
Kenneth Burke
57. Tatiyana, who is in the midlife crisis stage, is selecting a speaking event to attend. Based on her life crisis
stage, which event would she MOST likely select?
a.
Five Key Steps to Building Your Career
b.
Extreme Minimalist Living
c.
Living in the Moment—Be Responsible Later!
d.
Preparing Your Savings for Retirement
58. Speakers should accept responsibility for hurting someone, even if through unconscious microbehaviors, to
help foster community building.
a.
True
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b.
False
59. Use of presentation software may help a large audience better understand the content of a speech.
a.
True
b.
False
60. Aristotle argued that understanding which audience characteristic is tremendously beneficial to the speaker?
a.
gender
b.
sexual orientation
c.
age
d.
socioeconomic status
61. Bethany posts to Instagram while she is in a movie theater seeing a new film. Several of her friends like her
post and comment on it, saying that they loved the movie when they saw it. This moment of bonding is an
example of:
a.
connection and independence.
b.
symbiosis.
c.
formal audience analysis.
d.
a moment of identification.
62. Thea conducts an audience analysis prior to her speech. Which finding would be the result of her
psychological audience analysis?
a.
Many members in the audience are college educated and have advanced degrees.
b.
Most of the audience members believe strongly in the topic she will be discussing.
c.
The audience consists predominantly of women.
d.
Most of the audience members are African Americans.
63. Chip, a local celebrity, is presenting at a fund-raiser. During his audience analysis, he gathers a lot of
information about those attending the event. Which piece of information reflects the audience’s disposition?
a.
The audience is a roughly even mix of men and women.
b.
Most audience members have donated to a charity in the past year.
c.
About one-third of the audience members are people of color.
d.
More than half of the audience reported knowing Chip and liking him.
64. Why is it important that a speaker analyze the speech space before giving a speech?
a.
It eliminates the need for the speaker to perform a formal audience analysis.
b.
It helps the speaker identify needs and limitations specific to that speech.
c.
It allows the speaker to better assess how long or short the speech should be.
d.
It provides valuable information about the audience, which aids with rapport building.
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65. Thinking about the jobs held by members of the audience and their estimated income will give a speaker
insight into the audience’s beliefs.
a.
True
b.
False
66. According to researchers, stereotypes about what begin to form before humans learn to speak?
a.
age
b.
gender
c.
sexual orientation
d.
socioeconomic status
67. Which speech topic would be MOST appropriate for a group of young professionals?
a.
exploring your sexuality
b.
establishing an easy–to-follow morning exercise routine
c.
collecting recipes for a cookbook to hand down in the family
d.
networking strategies for long-term career success
68. Whose model of belief and attitude is a predictor of how an audience tends to process and respond to
messages?
a.
Sigmund Freud
b.
Kenneth Burke
c.
Karl Marx
d.
Milton Rokeach
69. A seasoned speaker tells a beginning speaker that audience analyses aren’t needed as much once speaking
experience is gained. Why should the beginning speaker be skeptical of this statement?
a.
Audience analysis is a newer concept that more experienced (older) speakers may not be aware of.
b.
Although informal audience analyses may be less necessary, formal analyses are still recommended
for all speakers.
c.
It is common for experienced speakers to feel threatened by other speakers, and some may try to
sabotage them.
d.
Many experienced speakers perform informal audience analyses, but they have become an automatic,
unconscious process.
70. During her speech, Liza focuses on wealth and retirement issues. Which group is this speech MOST likely
to resonate with?
a.
teenagers
b.
those in their twenties and thirties
c.
those in their forties and fifties
d.
those in their sixties
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71. What is the term for an overgeneralization about a person or group based on assumed characteristics?
a.
stereotype
b.
self-concept
c.
value
d.
disposition
72. Drew assumes that Lynn is gifted at math because of her Asian heritage. What does this example BEST
represent?
a.
self-concept
b.
stereotype
c.
value
d.
disposition
73. In which speech setting would animated gestures MOST likely be needed?
a.
a large religious service
b.
a job interview
c.
a small dinner party
d.
an elementary classroom presentation
74. Rhett wants to develop a rapport with his audience. Which action will BEST help him do this?
a.
Get to know the speech space.
b.
Incorporate humor.
c.
Find out the average age of the audience.
d.
Survey the audience in advance.
75. Although it is important that speakers conduct an audience analysis, it is even more important that they
assess the speech location.
a.
True
b.
False
76. Speakers can more easily visualize success if they have done what?
a.
interviewed the audience
b.
received reinforcement
c.
flattered the audience
d.
seen the speaking space
77. While listening to a speech, many audience members realize how similar they are to the speaker. What does
this represent?
a.
value
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b.
disposition
c.
identification
d.
independence
78. Which element may be considered a part of someone’s socioeconomic status?
a.
group membership
b.
family history
c.
education level
d.
circle of friends
79. Demographic data can help speakers develop an analysis of the speech space.
a.
True
b.
False
80. When Thomas considers the age of his audience, he is studying the audience’s:
a.
self-concepts.
b.
stereotypes.
c.
disposition.
d.
demography.
81. Stereotypes are used to make quick judgments about others when a person has:
a.
a strong belief system.
b.
terminal values.
c.
limited information.
d.
a firm self-concept.
82. Which demographic category can be more difficult to determine than others?
a.
race
b.
religious beliefs
c.
age
d.
socioeconomic status
83. Aparna is speaking to a dance class of middle schoolers. Even though all the students are beginners, they
think of themselves as accomplished dancers. This assessment describes the students’:
a.
self-concepts.
b.
stereotypes.
c.
demography.
d.
subtleties.
84. Effective speaking is as much about feelings as it is about logic.
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a.
True
b.
False
85. Before writing a speech he will present to his class, Lee hands out a survey to his peers to gather
information. What is Lee MOST likely doing?
a.
establishing social norms
b.
applying stereotypes
c.
setting audience expectations
d.
conducting a formal audience analysis
86. When a person makes an online comment on a news story they find interesting, that person is part of which
type of audience?
a.
mobile
b.
unknown
c.
hostile
d.
captive
87. Katie is picking out a book at the bookstore. A woman Katie does not know approaches and says, “I love
this bookstore. They have the best selection.” Katie smiles and nods because she thinks the same thing. Which
of Kenneth Burke’s ideas does this exemplify?
a.
independence
b.
wishes
c.
identification
d.
flattery
88. What is the general term for computers, microphones, and any other objects used to present audiovisual
aids?
a.
sound reinforcement
b.
technology
c.
analog tools
d.
electronic media
89. Which message would an audience be MOST likely to really hear?
a.
one that entertains them
b.
one that provides new information
c.
one that aligns with how they understand the world
d.
one that was presented to a small audience
90. Speakers should appeal to audience members based on what ties them together, but they should avoid what?
a.
stereotypes
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b.
values
c.
beliefs
d.
flattery
91. What is a key reason speakers collect demographic data about their audiences before giving a speech?
a.
to develop a thesis
b.
to help visualize successfully giving their speech
c.
to identify common points of reference
d.
to decide on the main points of the topic
92. According to psychologist Milton Rokeach, an audience’s understanding of the world is made up of three
basic elements: beliefs, attitudes, and:
a.
wishes.
b.
behaviors.
c.
values.
d.
truths.
93. How does speaking in a large space affect the speaker?
a.
The speaker will need to make the speech short.
b.
The speaker will need to rehearse more.
c.
The speaker will need to be more animated.
d.
The speaker will need to provide food for the audience.
94. When preparing for a speech, what should the speaker do first?
a.
Seek out sound reinforcement.
b.
Practice animated movements.
c.
Scope out the speech location.
d.
Prepare visual aids.
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