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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. True or false? Negative stereotypes about a group often lead to prejudice against that group.
a.
True
b.
False
2. True or false? Research cited in the text finds that people who have high self-esteem are more likely than
those who have low self-esteem to desire public signs of affection from their relational partners.
a.
True
b.
False
3. True or false? Stereotypes by definition are negative and unflattering.
a.
True
b.
False
4. True or false? A teenage basketball player purchases the shoes that his favorite professional athlete endorses.
The teenager is probably making this choice because of the fundamental attribution error.
a.
True
b.
False
5. True or false? Self-esteem refers only to the positive feelings one has about oneself.
a.
True
b.
False
6. True or false? Social comparison theory helps explain how media images may contribute to body image
problems and eating disorders.
a.
True
b.
False
7. The act of revealing information about ourselves to others is called:
a.
self-monitoring.
b.
self-fulfilling prophecy.
c.
self-presentation.
d.
self-disclosure.
8. A person has difficulty imagining himself as an effective communicator and avoids situations where he is
expected to give a speech or interact with strangers. This person has a high level of:
a.
self-efficacy.
b.
prejudice.
c.
communication apprehension.
d.
self-presentation.
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9. Intentional communication designed to show elements of our self for strategic purposes is referred to as:
a.
self-monitoring.
b.
self-fulfilling prophecy.
c.
self-presentation.
d.
self-disclosure.
10. Our tendency to internalize our admiration for film and TV stars, models, famous athletes, and political
figures by relating what we like about them to our own self-concept is addressed by which theory?
a.
social comparison theory
b.
self-efficacy theory
c.
media interaction theory
d.
social penetration theory
11. Cognitive processing is how we:
a.
encode and decode messages between two or more communicators.
b.
use technology to process and transmit information.
c.
gather, organize, and evaluate perceptions and information we receive.
d.
chunk information into patterns to create meaning at a more complex level.
12. True or false? A self-fulfilling prophecy can set us up for success in a particular situation.
a.
True
b.
False
13. Eduardo, who is a communication major, finds himself frustrated by the number of times his professors say
“umm,” mispronounce words, and use awkward gestures—so much so that he often misses the point of their
lectures. Eduardo’s perceptions are BEST attributed to:
a.
interaction appearance theory.
b.
selective perception.
c.
mindlessness.
d.
fundamental attribution theory.
14. True or false? Telling your new coworker that you prefer the color blue to red would count as self-
disclosure but is not going to create much intimacy because it has so little depth.
a.
True
b.
False
15. When you feel as though you have negotiated a communication situation as well as you possibly could, you
experience:
a.
self-presentation.
b.
self-denigration.
c.
self-actualization.
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d.
self-adequacy.
16. True or false? When you assess your communication competence as sufficient or acceptable, you are feeling
a sense of self-actualization.
a.
True
b.
False
17. Which term refers to the way a person feels about themselves?
a.
self-concept
b.
self-esteem
c.
self-efficacy
d.
self-actualization
18. True or false? Researchers have found that reduced cognitive activity is a common sign of selective
perception.
a.
True
b.
False
19. According to your text, what is true of low self-monitors?
a.
They portray themselves as “the right person in the right place at the right time. ”
b.
They have positive self-esteem and are excellent actors.
c.
They think that adjusting their communication style would be false.
d.
They implement situation-appropriate communication.
20. True or false? Being thoughtful when seeking explanations is a way to help you improve your perception
abilities and become a better communicator.
a.
True
b.
False
21. While getting ready to go out for a night on the town, your roommate says, “You have a really great sense
of style; you make any outfit look great. ” This compliment serves as:
a.
self-actualization.
b.
self-esteem.
c.
direct evidence.
d.
indirect evidence.
22. True or false? Factors such as age and race can have a strong influence on our perception.
a.
True
b.
False
23. True or false? Jared is driving his car when another car suddenly cuts in front of him. He attributes this
action to aggressive driving, becoming annoyed with the other driver. He doesn’t know that the other driver is
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in a rush to get to the airport. This may be an example of the fundamental attribution error influencing his
perception.
a.
True
b.
False
24. “Politicians lie” and “young people are lazy” are both examples of:
a.
mindless assumptions.
b.
stereotypes.
c.
self-fulfilling prophecies.
d.
deconstructed schemas.
25. True or false? Imagine that your parent watched a horror film in which young people visiting a foreign
country are abducted and killed. Your parent begins to think that something terrible will happen to you when
you share that you are interested in studying abroad next term. Her perceptual challenge is caused by undue
influence.
a.
True
b.
False
26. True or false? When Michaela is not asked to interview for the part-time job she wants at her favorite store,
she says, “I guess it’s all about who you know and not what you know. ” Michaela’s perception can be
attributed to the self-serving bias.
a.
True
b.
False
27. True or false? A benefit of disclosing information about yourself online is that you can easily choose what
you reveal or conceal.
a.
True
b.
False
28. The mayor of your hometown believes he is doing a great job, even though his approval rating is low and
there are protests outside City Hall every week. The mayor is exhibiting what kind of perception?
a.
interaction appearance
b.
narrow perspective
c.
fundamental attribution theory
d.
selective perception
29. Your awareness and understanding of who you are, as interpreted and influenced by your thoughts, actions,
abilities, values, goals, and ideals, is referred to as your:
a.
self-esteem.
b.
self-concept.
c.
self-actualization.
d.
self-efficacy.
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30. When Kevin shows up late to meet his friend for dinner, he explains that he was held up in traffic. His
friend, Magdalene, reminds him that they all drove in the same traffic, but that everyone else left early to
accommodate the rush hour. Magdalene’s dismissal of Kevin’s situational excuse for being late may be the
result of which common perceptual error?
a.
mindlessness
b.
interaction appearance theory
c.
mindfulness
d.
fundamental attribution error
31. True or false? Communicators who have a low level of sensitivity to feedback are likely to incorporate
others’ feedback into their self-concept and modify their behavior based on that feedback.
a.
True
b.
False
32. When a friend says something that offends you, you look beyond your own explanation in an attempt to
determine why they might have said the offensive statement to improve your own perception. This is an
example of:
a.
considering the perspective of other people.
b.
looking beyond first impressions.
c.
considering the channel being used.
d.
questioning your assumptions and stereotypes.
33. Assuming that individuals have a particular set of attitudes, behaviors, skills, morals, or beliefs because they
belong to certain groups is called:
a.
prejudice.
b.
diversity.
c.
ignorance.
d.
stereotyping.
34. True or false? When Bo gets in line to use the cash machine, he would use a schema to make choices about
behaviors such as where to stand, where to look, and what to say.
a.
True
b.
False
35. DeMarcus watches other people’s nonverbal behavior carefully for cues about the topics they find
interesting and the personality traits they consider desirable. He modifies his behavior in order to create a
positive impression on them. We would refer to DeMarcus as a person who has:
a.
low self-esteem.
b.
high self-monitoring skills.
c.
high self-efficacy.
d.
low self-monitoring skills.
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36. People’s gender identity and racial identity are tied to their:
a.
self-esteem.
b.
self-concept.
c.
self-adequacy.
d.
self-actualization.
37. Reduced cognitive activity, inaccurate recall, and uncritical evaluation are all signs of:
a.
selective attention.
b.
undue influence.
c.
narrow perspective.
d.
mindlessness.
38. True or false? Self-efficacy can be defined as a prediction that causes an individual to alter their behavior in
a way that makes the prediction more likely to occur.
a.
True
b.
False
39. True or false? Communication researchers believe that social interaction is a key aspect in developing one’s
self-concept.
a.
True
b.
False
40. Which theory helps explain how people change their attributions of someone’s physical appearance as they
communicate with them more?
a.
interaction appearance theory
b.
fundamental attribution theory
c.
communication processing theory
d.
social construction theory
41. True or false? After a disagreement with his roommate over the cleanliness of their apartment, Dennis feels
frustrated because he agreed to a solution he didn’t find satisfying. He decides that he needs to revisit the
discussion and be more assertive about his needs. Dennis’s evaluation of himself reflects self-denigration.
a.
True
b.
False
42. Because she believes she is not good at speaking in public, Deanna puts off choosing and researching her
topic and doesn’t have sufficient time to prepare and practice for her presentation. Ultimately, she earns a
failing grade on her speech and walks away with her perception confirmed: she’s just not a good speaker. This
is an example of:
a.
high self-esteem.
b.
a well-defined self-concept.
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c.
a self-fulfilling prophecy.
d.
active self-denigration.
43. Ellen got angry with her sister because she does not call often but instead sends quick text messages. After
talking to her sister, Ellen discovered that her sister wanted to save the phone for longer, more intimate
conversations. Ellen improves her perception and becomes a better communicator if she takes which action?
a.
Ellen knows she was right about her sister and assumes she is selfish.
b.
Ellen questions her sister’s assumptions and believes she is just too busy for her.
c.
Ellen considers using the phone only for longer, more intimate conversations.
d.
Ellen cuts off communication with her because her sister’s action hurt her feelings.
44. True or false? We are presented with so much detailed information that it would be difficult to make sense
of it all if we didn’t have schemas to organize our perceptions.
a.
True
b.
False
45. True or false? “Men don’t like to talk about their feelings” is an example of a stereotype.
a.
True
b.
False
46. True or false? Self-esteem may be positive with regard to one attribute and negative with regard to a
different attribute.
a.
True
b.
False
47. A cognitive process through which we observe people and events, interpret our experiences, and form our
own unique understandings defines which term?
a.
perception
b.
information selection
c.
mindfulness
d.
communication
48. Instead of attending a party with his fraternity brothers, Abeo chooses to invite two people from his English
class over to watch a movie. He says, “I feel like I’m better one-on-one than I am in big groups. ” Abeo’s
decision is based on his sense of himself and how he feels about his sense of himself. Therefore, Abeo’s
decision is based on:
a.
self-esteem.
b.
self-actualization.
c.
self-worth.
d.
self-efficacy.
49. People sometimes feel uncertain in new situations when they do not know what to expect. What is needed to
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guide their perception of the new event?
a.
stereotypes
b.
schemas
c.
attributions
d.
context
50. True or false? Low self-monitors lack the communication skills needed to form satisfying interpersonal
relationships.
a.
True
b.
False
51. True or false? A student’s choice of a major would probably be related to his or her feelings of self-efficacy.
a.
True
b.
False
52. True or false? Spending time on Facebook may contribute to a distorted perception of the quality of one’s
own life.
a.
True
b.
False
53. In your own words, describe the difference between self-concept and self-esteem.
54. How can a schema help you navigate a new class with a professor you have never had before?
55. Describe the fundamental attribution error.
56. In your own words, describe social comparison theory.
57. What is indirect evidence? Provide an example of indirect evidence that has affected your self-concept or
the self-concept of someone you know.
58. What is the interaction appearance theory?
59. Define the term attribution.
60. Define self-efficacy.
61. Define the term stereotype.
62. Describe the remedy for mindlessness that might be caused by schemas. Provide an example of when this
might be used.
63. Provide an example of how a positive stereotype might influence your perception.
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64. When we evaluate our expectations, execution, and the outcomes of our behavior in a communication
encounter, we may experience a sense of self-actualization, self-adequacy, or self-denigration. Define each of
these three evaluations.
65. List and define three of the four challenges we face when using schemas.
66. Describe how using schemas assists us in the perception process.
67. Define self-concept.
68. Briefly state why mindlessness produced by schema might sometimes benefit people situationally.
69. Briefly describe cognitive processing.
70. Define the term schema.
71. Define self-disclosure.
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