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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. A group of like-minded individuals who promote a particular cause, policy, or ideology is referred to as a:
a.
social movement.
b.
committee.
c.
union.
d.
faction.
2. Solidarity is a feeling of agreement or unity in a community about a belief, a cause, an event, or a proposed
action.
a.
True
b.
False
3. Which is a characteristic of social movements?
a.
They are individually driven.
b.
They promote mainstream ideology.
c.
They have one leader.
d.
They are not institutionalized.
4. The use of physical or psychological force to injure, harm, or alter something or someone in order to cause or
stop change is referred to as:
a.
confrontation.
b.
violence.
c.
social agitation.
d.
civil disobedience.
5. Civic engagement follows the law.
a.
True
b.
False
6. Social agitation is a confrontational approach to civic engagement.
a.
True
b.
False
7. According to Karma R. Chávez, why are coalitions often formed behind the scenes?
a.
to ensure that advocates all hear the same message from the same person
b.
to provide a safe place for advocates to share and express views and experiences
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c.
to keep advocates away from others who disagree with the coalition’s goals
d.
to prevent others from becoming aware of any unethical behavior
8. Activist and communication professor Bryan McCann reminds activists that activism is primarily for the:
a.
powerful.
b.
insider.
c.
vulnerable.
d.
poor.
9. The attempt to make others more aware of cultural and political problems and challenges is referred to as:
a.
recruiting.
b.
protesting.
c.
canvassing.
d.
consciousness raising.
10. One reason oratory is important in activism is that it substitutes:
a.
arguments for violence.
b.
reason for passion.
c.
celebration for persuasion.
d.
engagement for agitation.
11. Speeches for political advocacy and social protest are hybrid speeches rather than persuasive speeches
because:
a.
they often celebrate the community that has gathered around the issue while also persuading them to
act.
b.
they would otherwise be too serious to attract an audience.
c.
persuasive speeches, unlike political advocacy speeches, usually lack passion.
d.
those who oppose a cause are not likely to attend a speech to change their minds but might attend a
celebration.
12. The speeches most lauded and remembered are persuasive in character.
a.
True
b.
False
13. After a large protest, a number of protesters stay behind and clean up streets. This illustrates which concept?
a.
civility
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b.
civil disobedience
c.
social agitation
d.
consciousness raising
14. A protest cannot be a rally because it is staged to oppose or object to something or someone.
a.
True
b.
False
15. What approach to civility argues that the civil norms of politeness and courtesy assume equality, and that
people may need to sacrifice civility to attract the attention of those in power?
a.
confrontational
b.
agitated
c.
aggressive
d.
contrarian
16. A few dozen students are standing outside the administration building on their campus waiting for an
administrator to come out and walk past them. They are holding signs protesting the quality of the food sold on
campus. This is an example of:
a.
a boycott.
b.
mobilization.
c.
a rally.
d.
a sit-in.
17. The social movements of our time often combine what happens on the street with what happens:
a.
in the home.
b.
in schools.
c.
on the screen.
d.
in small groups.
18. Advocacy and activism commonly take place at the same time.
a.
True
b.
False
19. Even though social media allows the massive and speedy distribution of information, we should not forget
how important and influential face-to-face communication can be.
a.
True
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b.
False
20. Herbert W. Simons says social movements are usually characterized as uninstitutionalized. What does this
mean?
a.
Social movements are not supported by those associated with formal institutions.
b.
Social movement leaders are not affiliated with any formal institution.
c.
Social movements lack power because they are not part of any institution with real power.
d.
Social movements are characterized as “outside the mainstream.”
21. Although they are both popular tools in social movements, consciousness raising and public speaking differ
in their:
a.
focus.
b.
setting.
c.
strategies.
d.
importance.
22. Social movements aim to change the government.
a.
True
b.
False
23. What communication principles and skills are MOST important in small consciousness-raising meetings?
a.
conflict resolution skills
b.
leadership skills
c.
small group discussion skills
d.
negotiation skills
24. What is frequently present in the most serious social and political struggles in history, even though most
cultures encourage avoiding it?
a.
civility
b.
civil obedience
c.
violence
d.
protest
25. Advocacy has globalized, which means that:
a.
advocates of social causes are traveling to recruit in other countries.
b.
advocates for various causes across the globe mobilize in the same way.
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c.
advocacy for specific causes enjoys universal support worldwide.
d.
advocacy includes people all over the world due to technological advances.
26. Which group is considered a coalition?
a.
several students who meet weekly to discuss that week’s chemistry class
b.
the men’s and women’s volleyball teams at a university
c.
the board of education that oversees and manages a public school district
d.
several college students who join together to advocate for changing the school mascot
27. According to activist and communication studies professor Bryan McCann, what is crucial to keeping a
social movement group motivated and committed?
a.
public speaking
b.
civility
c.
celebration
d.
disobedience
28. Most cultures across the globe promote avoiding:
a.
protests.
b.
social change.
c.
violence.
d.
resistance.
29. In order to make their causes visible, the Arab Spring, Occupy Wall Street, and Tea Party movements all
appear to have relied heavily on social networking and:
a.
journalists.
b.
media spectacles.
c.
protest signs.
d.
community involvement.
30. In most cases, civilly obedient forms of speech are permitted and even encouraged in what societies?
a.
democratic
b.
autocratic
c.
socially agitated
d.
anarchic
31. Speech changes hearts and minds, so it is perceived as a powerful threat to those in power.
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a.
True
b.
False
32. In 2011, Time magazine declared who to be its annual Person of the Year based on news media coverage of
three very different social movements?
a.
“the World Citizen”
b.
“the Protester”
c.
“the Common Person”
d.
“the Disenfranchised Voter”
33. Most of the work that goes into activism is done in public to attract more activists.
a.
True
b.
False
34. Darnell works for a large grocery store chain in his hometown. He is being laid off as part of a corporate
strategy to replace union workers with contract workers. Darnell and his friends wage a Facebook campaign to
encourage people to boycott the chain for unfair labor practices. This action is BEST described as:
a.
institutionalism.
b.
civic entitlement.
c.
civil disobedience.
d.
civil obedience.
35. Bahram lives in a society where people are not permitted to speak their mind and express their views.
Which strategy is the LEAST likely to be effective in fostering change in his society?
a.
data leaks
b.
boycotts
c.
forbidden speech
d.
civil obedience
36. A group of students is refusing to leave the office of the president of their college until the president takes
action against a professor who will not excuse a student’s absence for a religious holiday and allow him to make
up his final exam. The students refuse to leave when the building is closing, and the police are called. This
action is BEST defined as:
a.
an invitational approach to civility.
b.
civil obedience.
c.
a rally.
d.
a sit-in.
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37. Advocacy is most prominent in legal or political, economic, and social contexts.
a.
True
b.
False
38. Which scenario represents an act of civil disobedience?
a.
Several people go to a government building and lie down in protest, refusing to leave.
b.
Several people gather outside a federal court building and hold signs calling for the removal of a
judge.
c.
Several people meet in a conference center to support their preferred candidate for governor.
d.
Several people sign a petition calling for a change to a federal law.
39. Which speech has been identified by public speaking teachers in the United States as the most important,
eloquent, and influential speech of the twentieth century?
a.
Malcolm X’s “The Ballot or the Bullet” speech
b.
Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech
c.
Franklin D. Roosevelt’s first inaugural speech (“Only Thing We Have to Fear Is Fear Itself”)
d.
John F. Kennedy’s inaugural address
40. Protests and rallies are secondarily considered persuasive events because they are held for and among those
who have common interests and investments. But they are primarily considered what type of event?   
a.
unlawful
b.
celebratory
c.
entertainment
d.
informative
41. Those who advocate for an invitational approach to civic engagement do so because:
a.
civil norms assume equality, which is not always present.
b.
policy insiders know what is best for others.
c.
violating norms should be decided on a case-by-case basis.
d.
it reduces the potential for suffering and possible violence.
42. Much of the work activists do to plan social change involves mass communication.
a.
True
b.
False
43. Tiffany is the leader of an animal rights group that is trying to eliminate animal testing at her university. The
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group has an active presence on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, but its membership level has remained
stagnant. What action will MOST likely help the group attract like-minded members?
a.
editing the group’s message
b.
changing the group’s leadership
c.
taking a break and regrouping
d.
trying a new recruiting channel
44. How are coalition building and consciousness raising alike?
a.
Both benefit the advocate more than the movement.
b.
The highlights of both are televised or recorded for social media sharing.
c.
They are both behind-the-scenes ways to support social movements.
d.
They both happen in public, large-scale settings.
45. Advocacy that involves public demonstrations and protests may invite police involvement and arrests if
laws are violated.
a.
True
b.
False
46. Which statement BEST reflects Henry David Thoreau’s philosophy related to advocacy?
a.
Citizens should not try to reason with those in power, as it is impossible.
b.
People should draw the line at not paying taxes, which are immoral.
c.
Citizens must engage in civil disobedience to oppose immoral practices.
d.
Sometimes violence is necessary, although it should be a last resort.
47. Speeches for political advocacy and social change are less intimate than celebratory speeches because they
are:
a.
usually televised.
b.
delivered at family events, such as weddings.
c.
presented to large audiences, whereas celebratory speeches are not.
d.
focused on persuasive goals in addition to celebratory ones.
48. Who is the secondary audience of activists?
a.
the mass media
b.
people with opposing views
c.
politicians
d.
coalition groups
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49. Techniques of celebratory speaking apply more directly than the techniques of persuasion do to social and
political advocacy.
a.
True
b.
False
50. Compared with celebratory speaking, speaking for political advocacy and social change is less intimate and
more:
a.
impromptu.
b.
politically correct.
c.
formal.
d.
socially acceptable.
51. Who advocated for civil disobedience and argued that it was the responsibility of citizens to oppose morally
abhorrent injustices through nonviolent means?
a.
Rosa Parks
b.
Martin Luther King Jr.
c.
Henry David Thoreau
d.
Mahatma Gandhi
52. After an exciting rally at the state capitol building, Tiarra is eager to join a women’s rights group in her
town. She volunteers to help and is invited to an organizer’s house for a meeting. When she arrives, she sees
three people folding press releases and affixing postage stamps to hundreds of envelopes. Which of the
following pieces of Bryan McCann’s advice about activism does this situation illustrate?
a.
Learn how to talk to news media.
b.
Vary the strategies of public engagement.
c.
Activism is primarily for the insider.
d.
Most of the work is behind the scenes.
53. Why are the celebratory goals of rallies and protests primary and the persuasive goals secondary?
a.
Rallies and protests are usually held for and among those who already agree with their messages.
b.
People will be more likely to attend these events if the protests and rallies feel like celebratory social
events and avoid dry, serious topics.
c.
Making rallies and protests celebratory keeps the tone positive and upbeat rather than angry and
violent.
d.
The persuasive goals are present oriented, and the celebratory aspects are future oriented.
54. Social agitation deliberately violates norms.
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a.
True
b.
False
55. Which action is MOST likely to motivate a group to remain devoted to social change?
a.
forming a coalition with another like-minded group
b.
having leaders or members give encouraging speeches
c.
using a variety of strategies to raise consciousness
d.
doing routine, behind-the-scenes work together
56. A decline in voting behavior or in the general willingness to participate in official political processes has
been linked by scholars to a larger erosion of:
a.
information quality.
b.
civility.
c.
public education.
d.
compassion.
57. Violence sometimes occurs in social movements because it:
a.
is essential to civic obedience.
b.
is an invitational form of opposition.
c.
can communicate metaphorically.
d.
can cause or stop change.
58. Which statement BEST describes civic engagement?
a.
It includes any legal form of participation in the political process.
b.
It is another term for social agitation and involves violating norms to effect change.
c.
It includes any participation in social or political processes, both legal and illegal.
d.
It is being aware of social and political issues and forming an opinion on those issues.
59. What do rallies and protests have in common?
a.
Both involve civil disobedience.
b.
Both protest something.
c.
Both communicate support for something.
d.
Both bring the community together while publicizing one’s cause.
60. Speaking or behaving in a way that is seen as polite, courteous, or appropriate to a given social or public
situation is referred to as:
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a.
rhetoric.
b.
civility.
c.
civil obedience.
d.
institutionalism.
61. What approach to civility argues that it is better to be polite and courteous and observe the norms of a given
culture because it reduces the potential for suffering and violence?
a.
invitational
b.
agitation
c.
disobedience
d.
engagement
62. Which BEST describes advocacy speaking?
a.
a hybrid of informative and celebratory speaking directed at everyday citizens
b.
community-centered persuasion directed at everyday citizens
c.
a hybrid of informative and celebratory speaking directed at decision-makers
d.
community-centered persuasion directed at decision-makers
63. Social agitation is a form of civil disobedience.
a.
True
b.
False
64. As an approach to civic engagement, civil obedience is:
a.
aggressive.
b.
confrontational.
c.
laissez-faire.
d.
invitational.
65. Much of the work of activism takes place behind the scenes. Which of the following is an example of a
common behind-the-scenes activity?
a.
attending rallies held in major cities
b.
making speeches
c.
recruiting other activists
d.
participating in education panels
66. Activist and professor Bryan McCann notes that because activism requires nearly constant involvement in
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rallies, protests, and speaking events, few people have the endurance to be activists.
a.
True
b.
False
67. Advocacy and activism are often defined as working from within a given system and working outside a
given system, respectively.
a.
True
b.
False
68. Which person is participating in an activist campaign?
a.
Gabe, who complains to his friends about the United States’ overreliance on other countries for
manufacturing
b.
Destiny, who shares an article about the effects of the Ice Bucket Challenge to raise awareness of the
disease ALS
c.
Nelson, who marches alongside other Black Lives Matter protesters to city hall to demand police
reform
d.
Jocelyn, who posts online that men in her department are addressed as Dr. So-and-So but she is
addressed as Jocelyn, even though she also has a PhD
69. One goal of social movement groups is achieving a renewed sense of cohesion and:
a.
compassion.
b.
commitment.
c.
indignation.
d.
solidarity.
70. A group wants to communicate its opposition to federal policy on a large scale. Which action is MOST
likely to achieve this directly?
a.
holding a consciousness-raising session
b.
forming a coalition with another like-minded group
c.
staging a protest in front of a public building
d.
writing a letter to the editor of the local newspaper
71. Leila is organizing a campaign to advocate for social change. She believes that sit-ins will be a key strategy
used by the movement. She reaches out to a friend for advice about how to get ready. What advice should her
friend give her?
a.
Create a short, clear message to share with news media.
b.
Select one social media strategy, and stick to it for consistency.
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c.
Look for opportunities to recruit those from the opposite side.
d.
Be prepared to be in the public eye from start to finish.
72. As a civic engagement tactic, Rosa Parks’s refusal to give up her seat on a city bus to a white rider is
considered:
a.
situational civility.
b.
civil obedience.
c.
social agitation.
d.
violence.
73. Craig Rood’s situational civility approach to civic engagement proposes that:
a.
civility should be a priority only if the situation calls for it.
b.
people can decide how to act in a given situation based on an objective definition of civility.
c.
in some situations, civility is not possible, so civil disobedience is necessary.
d.
civility should be the norm, but the definition of civility may change according to the context.
74. A rally is a meeting of people to support a social or political cause.
a.
True
b.
False
75. How do the celebratory aspects of political advocacy and social protest speaking differ from their persuasive
aspects?
a.
The celebratory aspect is present oriented, and the persuasive aspect is future oriented.
b.
The celebratory aspect is less important than the more substantial persuasive aspect.
c.
The celebratory aspect counterbalances the seriousness of the persuasive aspect.
d.
The celebratory aspect is for members of the movement, and the persuasive aspect is for those who
disagree.
76. Activism almost always entails what?
a.
forbidden speech
b.
risk
c.
police action
d.
violence
77. Efforts for social change are naturally related to public speaking because public speaking:
a.
emerged with democracy.
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b.
most efficiently spreads a message.
c.
informs ordinary citizens about important topics in their society.
d.
developed as a response to social change.
78. Which term is defined as the deliberate violation of widely accepted or sanctioned norms of a social or
political culture?
a.
rallying
b.
social agitation
c.
rioting
d.
forbidden speech
79. Francesca works for a social justice organization. She has been asked to speak at a rally in support of equal
pay for women. What should she keep in mind as she prepares her speech?
a.
She should be careful not to become emotional, because this could turn off members of her audience.
b.
She should address what the group advocates and protests, and celebrate the crowd and the
movement.
c.
She should be sure to include lots of statistics on pay disparity to corroborate her point.
d.
She should try to persuade anyone who is not in support of pay inequity that it is a big problem that
needs to be solved.
80. According to scholar Craig Rood, civic engagement researchers tend to argue for two competing approaches
to civility. These approaches are referred to as:
a.
obedient and disobedient.
b.
invitational and confrontational.
c.
mainstream and nonmainstream.
d.
engaged and disengaged.
81. A coalition is BEST defined as a:
a.
group of individuals who serve together in a military unit.
b.
permanent alliance between like-minded individuals for the purpose of providing general support to
one another.
c.
legal partnership formed for the purpose of running a business.
d.
temporary grouping of people for the purpose of collective social or political advocacy.
82. Civil obedience has been an important rhetorical strategy used by social and political leaders in the histories
of many countries, especially the United States.
a.
True
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b.
False
83. What type of civil obedience is one of the most visible forms of activism used in the United States?
a.
protests
b.
boycotts
c.
data leaks
d.
sit-ins
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