38. Give an example of a time when you might be required to give an impromptu speech.
39. Define extemporaneous delivery and give an example of an instance when you would use it.
40. Synthesizing what you have learned throughout this chapter, what advice would you give Alex, who is
preparing to give a speech in class and planning to use PowerPoint as a presentation aid? Specifically, what
would you remind Alex about vocal and physical delivery, about presentation aid usage, and about practicing
the speech?
41. What are the three key anxiety triggers your textbook discusses?
42. We all get nervous when presenting from time to time; this is true even of the most experienced public
speakers. When presenting in class, sharing our experience in a job interview, or speaking to people we don’t
know, we may find we do not sound our most confident. Think about how your speaking anxiety affects your
speaking performance, and discuss how your speech delivery is affected.
43. Why is it important for a speaker to vary the pitch of their voice?
44. Considering the chapter as a whole, identify your own strengths and weaknesses as a speaker. What do you
think you do well, and how could you improve?
45. Impromptu speaking is difficult to do effectively. How can a speaker prepare himself or herself to speak
effectively in this context?
46. Imagine that you’ve finished this course, have done well, and have been hired to tutor students who are
taking a course similar to this one. What would you say to help them understand the importance of effective
speech delivery, as well as to help them learn how to deliver their presentations more effectively?
47. Briefly describe one of the pitfalls of using slideshows like PowerPoint.
48. Describe two strategies a speaker can use to help build their confidence.
49. What is the difference between public speaking anxiety (PSA) and communication apprehension (CA)?
50. List and define the four methods of speech delivery. Describe any advantages or disadvantages each method
holds for speakers. For each method, identify a context in which that method of delivery would be appropriate.
51. “It’s not just what you say, but also how you say it.” With this expression in mind, explain how nonverbal
elements of vocal delivery help to make a message clear.
52. List and describe the various types of presentation aids a speaker could use to clarify their message. Based
on what you have learned in this chapter, what would you recommend as some guidelines for creating good
presentation aids and for using them well during a presentation?
53. Lindsay is a fairly typical student in an introductory speech class. Her anxiety about giving speeches is by
no means crippling, but she doesn’t feel especially confident about her abilities. Based on what you have learned