Chapter 2: Changes in American Socie
CHAPTER TWO
CHANGES IN AMERICAN SOCIETY: THEIR
Changes in American Families
* 1. In America, at this point in history, the institution primarily responsible for meeting the needs of young
people and helping them adapt to the world is the:
a. family.
b. schools.
c. church.
d. government.
* 2. a father who is the primary breadwinner, a mother who stays at home,
and two school-aged children now makes up what percentage of the households in the United States?
a. About 5%
b. About 25%
c. About 50%
d. Slightly more than 65%
* 3. Families headed by married couples now make up about what percent of all households in the United
States?
a. Less than 10%
b. About 25%
c. Slightly more than 50%
d. Slightly more than 65%
* 4. Of the following, which best describes the percentage of students you will likely have in your classes who
live only with their mothers?
a. 10%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%
* 5. Which of the following statements best describes the implications for teachers of the changing American
family?
a. Because both parents work in many American families, more children are affluent, so they come to
school better prepared to learn.
b. Parents spend more time working away from home than parents have spent in the past, so teachers
will need to be more flexible in reaching out to families.
c. Parents are better informed about school activities than they have been in the past, so they tend to be
more involved in school activities than they have historically.
d. Education has become politically important, so parents tend to be more politically active in school
policy than they have been historically.
* 6. Which of the following are appropriate adaptations that teachers can make in response to the changing
American family?
1. When asking students to
2. Lower expectations for students of single parents, since they are likely to have less support for
schooling at home.
3. Be flexible with meeting times to accommodate the complex job situations of many working parents.
4.
and embarrassing them.
a. 1, 2, 3, 4 b. 1, 2, 3 c. 1, 2, 4 d. 1, 3
Chapter 2: Changes in American Socie
* 7. Of the following, which best describes the percentage of working mothers for whom quality childcare is an
important issue?
a. 15%
b. 30%
c. 60%
d. 80%
** 8. Of the following, which mother is most likely to need high-quality childcare services?
a. Maria, a single mother working for minimum wage as a part-time custodian
b. Vishni, a recent immigrant from India working as an analyst for a large computer firm
c. Karen, a stay-at-home mom, whose husband works for a small banking firm.
d. Sophia, a working mother and teacher, whose husband is also a teacher
* 9. Children who return to empty houses after school and who are left alone until parents arrive from work are
best described as:
a. resilient children.
b. children placed at risk.
c. children of poverty.
d. latchkey children.
* 10. excessive amounts
of time watching television, and lack of support for school work, they are most likely describing which of
the following?
a. Members of cultural minorities
b. Resilient children
c. Children from low SES families
d. Latchkey children
Essay Items
** 11. Describe important changes in the American family. Describe the implications that these changes have for
you as a teacher.
** 12. Describe what research indicates about high-
Changes in Our Students
* 13. Of the following, what is the most accurate approximation of the percentage of students who are sexually
active by the time they finish high school?
a. 10%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 65%
* 14. Of the following, which percentage most accurately describes the number of sexually active teenagers who
report using condoms?
a. 10%
b. 25%
c. 60%
d. 80%
Chapter 2: Changes in American Socie
* 15. Of the following, which percentage most accurately describes the number of sexually active teenage girls
who have contracted at least one form of sexually transmitted disease?
a. 10%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 65%
* 16. Of the following, which statement most accurately compares the teenage birthrate in the United States to
that in other industrialized countries?
a. The teenage birthrate in the United States is much lower (about half) than the teenage birthrate in
other industrialized countries.
b. The teenage birthrate in the United States is slightly lower (about 10% lower) than the teenage
birthrate in other industrialized countries.
c. The teenage birthrate in the United States is about the same as the teenage birthrate in other
industrialized countries.
d. The teenage birthrate in the United States is higher than in any other industrialized country.
* 17. According to national polls, which of the fol
education?
a. The vast majority of parents are opposed to sex education of any kind in the schools.
b. A majority of parents are opposed to sex education, except for discussions of the biology of
reproduction.
c. A slight majority of parents favor sex education in schools.
d. The vast majority of parents favor sex education in schools.
* 18. According to research surveys, which statement best describes the experiences of homosexual students in
schools?
a. Homosexual students experience a much higher incidence of harassment than do students in general
(over 90% of gay students report hearing anti-gay comments).
b. Homosexual students experience an incidence of harassment similar to that of heterosexual girls
(about 80% having experienced some form of harassment).
c. Homosexual students experience less harassment than heterosexual girls but more than heterosexual
boys.
d. Homosexual students experience a level of harassment similar to students in general, since many of
* 19. Of the following, which statement most accurately compares drug use in the homosexual student
population to drug use by students in general?
a. Drug use in the homosexual student population is much lower (about 50% less) than drug use by
students in general.
b. Drug use in the homosexual student population is about the same as drug use by students in general.
c. Drug use in the homosexual student population is slightly higher (about 5% higher) than drug use by
students in general.
d. Drug use in the homosexual student population is much higher than drug use by students in general.
* 20. Homosexual students make up between 3% and 10% of the student population, but they commit a
disproportionate number of youth suicides each year. Of the following, which is the most likely reason for
this disproportionate rate?
a. Homosexual youth are disproportionately subjects of harassment in schools, which leads to
depression and suicide.
b. Homosexual youth have an innate tendency toward depression, which often leads to suicide.
c. Homosexual youth get lower grades in school, which leads to depression and suicide.
d. Homosexual youth tend to come from low SES backgrounds, which leads to depression and suicide.
Chapter 2: Changes in American Socie
* 21. According to a survey conducted by the American Association of University Women (1993), what
percentage of 8th through 11th graders reported some type of sexual harassment in their schools?
a. 15%
b. 30%
c. 50%
d. 80%
* 22. According to a survey on alcohol and other drug use, of the following, what is the most accurate
approximation of the number of high school students who report using alcohol?
a. 10%
b. 40%
c. 60%
d. 75%
* 23. Of the following, which statement most accurately describes the characteristics of students most likely to
use alcohol and other drugs?
a. High achievers are more likely than low achievers to use alcohol and other drugs, because they are
more involved in extracurricular activities, which is where most drug use occurs.
b. Low achievers are more likely than high achievers to use alcohol and other drugs, because drug use
is associated with other risk factors, such as low SES and family instability.
c. High achievers are more likely than low achievers to use alcohol and other drugs, because school is
d. Average students are more likely than either high or low achievers to use alcohol and other drugs,
because high achievers are involved in programs for the gifted, low achievers have remedial
* 24. Of the following, which is the best estimate of the number of students aged 6-19 who are overweight?
a. 10%
b. 15%
c. 25%
d. 40%
* 25. Of the following factors, which is rated highest by parents and other taxpayers in a list of concerns about
school quality?
a. School safety
b. Qualifications of teachers
c. Student access to technology
d. High student standardized-test scores
* 26. Which of the following most accurately describes trends in school violence since the mid 1990s?
a. School violence has dramatically increased, and it is now one of the most important problems facing
schools.
b. School violence has increased slightly, but steps are being taken to reduce it.
c. The amount of school violence has remained approximately the same over this time period.
d. School violence has decreased during this time period, and students are at greater risk of violence
outside of schools than within schools.
* 27. According to a survey on school violence, of the following, what is the most accurate approximation of the
number of high school students who report that street gangs are present in their school?
a. 10%
b. 20%
c. 50%
d. 75%
Chapter 2: Changes in American Socie
* 28. Of the following, which students are most concerned about safety and violence in their schools?
a. Fifth graders
b. Eighth graders
c. Tenth graders
d. Twelfth graders
* 29. A form of school violence that involves a systematic or repetitious abuse of power between students is best
described as:
a. sexual harassment.
b. bullying.
c. zero tolerance.
d. gang warfare.
* 30. According to researchers, which of the following are considered to be forms of bullying?
1. Face-to-face attack
2. Threats
3. Teasing about sexual orientation
4.
5. Spreading malicious rumors
a. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 b. 1, 2, 3, 5 c. 1, 2, 3, 4 d. 1, 2, 3 e. 1, 2
* 31. In a survey of middle school students, what percent reported being bullied in their school?
a. 10%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 85%
* 32. Which of the following is the responses to bullying?
a. Adults quickly intervene to protect the victim and punish the perpetrator in cases of bullying.
b. Adults quickly intervene to protect the victim in cases of bullying, but perpetrators are rarely
punished.
c. Adults often punish victims of bullying because they believe the victims are merely tattling.
d. Adults rarely intervene one way or the other in incidents of bullying.
** 33. You observe that Jerome, a homosexual student in your class, is being repeatedly harassed by Calvin and
David, two other boys in your class. Of the following, which is your most appropriate response?
a.
problems out for themselves.
b. Take Calvin and David aside and tell them that you realize that their behavior is in fun, but that you
c. Take Calvin and David aside and tell them that harassment is unacceptable and that one more
incident of harassment will result in severe consequences.
d. Talk to Jerome and tell him that you will support any form of retaliation that he directs toward
Calvin and David.
Chapter 2: Changes in American Socie
Use the following information for items 34 and 35.
“I want you in by 10,” Ellen’s dad says to her as she gets ready for her roller skating party, and then he turns
back to his computer.
“Aw, Dad,” Ellen protests. “The party isn’t over ‘till 11, and a bunch of parents will be chaperoning.
“I said 10.”
“Gee, Dad, why.”
“Ellen, I said 10 on school nights.”
“But, Dad, there’s no school tomorrow. It’s a teacher planning day.”
“Ellen, I said 10. The discussion is over,” her dad says with frustration in his voice.
“Tell me about school,” Tanya’s dad says to her over dinner.
They talk for several minutes about school, social activities, and life in general.
“Now, when is your concert? I’ve sort of forgotten.”
“Thursday,” Tanya replies.
“Oh, yeah, remind me to call George and tell him I won’t be able to meet him on Thursday,” he says to Tanya’s
They finish dinner, and her dad finally says, “Better get started with your homework. ”
“Aw, Dad,” Tanya grumbles.
“No, get going. . . . I’m working in here, so let me know if you get stuck on any of it, and I’ll help you. . . . I
want to see it when you’re finished.
“Where’s Ian?” Her dad asks her mother at 9:30 Thursday evening.
“She called after school and said she was going home with Christy ,” her mother responded.
“Didn’t she say she had a test tomorrow? . . .When is she going to study?”
“She said she was fine, and besides she’s not too crazy about biology. I know her grades aren’t as good as they
could be, but you’re only young once.”
** 34.
persons most likely to develop bullying behaviors is(are):
a. Ellen.
b. Tanya.
c. Ian.
d. Tanya and Ian.
** 35.
persons least likely to develop bullying behaviors is(are):
a. Ellen.
b. Tanya.
c. Ian.
d. Tanya and Ian.
* 36. Automatic suspensions that result from school disruptions, evidence of alcohol or other drug use, or
bringing weapons to school are most commonly labeled:
a. school safety programs.
b. school-wide security programs.
c. zero-tolerance policies.
d. drug-education programs.
* 37. A form of bullying that occurs when students use electronic media to harass or intimidate other students, is
best described as:
a. twenty first century intimidation.
b. electronic harassment.
c. electronic media bullying.
d. cyber-bullying.
Chapter 2: Changes in American Socie
* 38. Of the following, which best describes the relationship between cyber-bullying and other forms of
bullying?
a. Students who conduct incidents of cyber-bullying are more likely to be high achieving and popular
students who are technologically literate than are traditional bullies.
b. Cyber-bullying tends to be more commonly conducted by students who have high technological skill
but be social outcasts and have few friends and social contacts.
c. Cyber-bullying tends to be most commonly conducted by low achieving students who have acquired
simple technology skills, such as using Facebook and Twitter.
d. Cyber-bullying tends to follow the same patterns as traditional forms of bullying; students who are
bullies and victims on the playground play similar roles in cyberspace.
* 39. Of the following, which best describes the percentage of middle school students who report that they have
been victims of cyber-bullying?
a. 10%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 80%
Use the following information for Items 40 and 41.
You notice that Katrina, one of your higher-achieving 8th graders, has abruptly begun doing slipshod work. She
st test. She also seems very withdrawn in
learning activities, giving one-word, barely audible answers when you call on her. Always a well-groomed girl, she
has begun coming to school looking disheveled and unkempt.
** 40. Of the following, what is the best assessment of your observations of Katrina?
a. She has become sexually active, and her interest in school and school activities has declined as a
result.
b. She has begun using hard drugs (such as cocaine), and the drug use has decreased her interest in
school.
c. She is displaying indicators of a potential suicide, and her loss of interest in school and life itself are
the result.
d. She is displaying the symptoms of sexual harassment, and as a result, she is withdrawing from
school-related activities.
** 41. Of the following, what is your most appropriate action in working with Katrina?
a. Continue to watch her closely to see if her former patterns of behavior return.
b. Talk to her and remind her that she must begin studying and turning in her work, or her grades will
suffer. Offer to accept the missing assignments.
c.
d. Talk to one of her classmates, and ask if he or she knows of any problems that Katrina might be
experiencing. Remind that classmate that anything said will be held in confidence.
* 42. Of the following, what is the most commonly voiced criticism of zero-tolerance policies?
a. Zero-tolerance policies are ineffective, because it is impossible to implement them consistently and
uniformly.
b. Zero-
offenses (such as a first grader being suspended for kissing a classmate).
c. Zero-tolerance policies are ineffective, because it is virtually impossible to catch and convict the
perpetrators of the most serious violations.
d. Zero-tolerance policies are ineffective, because they are very unpopular with parents and other
taxpayers.
Chapter 2: Changes in American Socie
* 43. Which of the following are indicators of child abuse?
1. Neglected appearance
2. Sudden changes in academic or social behavior
3. Disruptive behavior
4. Overly-compliant behavior
5. Injuries, such as bruises or welts
a. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 b. 1, 2, 3, 5 c. 1, 2, 5 d. 1, 2, 4, 5
** 44. You notice that Joanne, one of your second graders, frequently comes to school disheveled with bruises on
her arms. When you ask her what caused the bruises, she says that she keeps falling from her bike.
out that Joanne has told the truth, and the bruises were indeed the result of falling from her bike. Furious
over the allegation of child abuse, the parents file a lawsuit against you and the school.
Of the following, which is the most accurate assessment of your situation?
a. You are not protected from liability, since you mistakenly alleged that the parents abused Joanne.
b.
appearance and bruises on her arms.
c. Because of the seriousness of child abuse, teachers are often protected from liability if they can
prove their claims.
d. You are protected from liability since you honestly reported the allegation based on her disheveled
appearance and bruises.
Essay Items
** 45. Describe what you as a teacher can do to help prevent your students from abusing alcohol and other drugs.
** 46. Describe two ways in which schools contribute to the problem of students being overweight and obese.
** 47. Describe your legal obligation in cases of suspected child abuse. Also describe your legal liability.
** 48. Describe three criticisms of zero-tolerance policies that lead to school suspensions. Explain the criticism in
each case.
The Influence of Socioeconomic Factors on Students
* 49. Which of the following are part of the definition of socioeconomic status (SES)?
1. Pa
2.
3.
4. The amount of money parents make
a. 1,2 b. 1,2,3 c. 1,2,4 d. 1,3,4 e. 1,2,3,4
* 50. Which of the following best describes people with low incomes who continually struggle with economic
problems?
a. Underclass
b. Lower middle class
c. Resilient class
d. Poverty class
Chapter 2: Changes in American Socie
* 51. Which of the following statements best describes the lower socioeconomic class in the United States?
a. The lower SES class makes up about 40% of the U.S. population, but the percentage is decreasing
rapidly.
b. The lower SES class makes up about 20% of the U. S. population, and the percentage is increasing.
c. The lower SES class makes up about 40% of the U. S. population, but since the percentage is so
high, they control a large portion of the wealth in the country.
d. The lower SES class makes up about 30% of the U. S. population, but because of government
programs the percentage is decreasing.
* 52. Of the following, which best describes the income defined by the federal government as the poverty line for
a family of four?
a. Slightly more than $12,000 in family income per year.
b. Slightly less than $25,000 in family income per year.
c. Approximately $30,000 in family income per year.
d. Approximately $35,000 in family income per year.
* 53. According to research, which of the following patterns are true of poverty?
1. Most people in poverty live in inner cities.
2. Poverty is most common in families headed by single mothers.
3. Poverty is more common among cultural minorities than among non-minorities.
4. The largest percentage of people in poverty are children.
a. 1, 2, 3, 4 b. 1, 2, 3 c. 2, 3, 4 d. 1, 3
* 54.
live in poverty?
a. 1 of 20
b. 1 of 10
c. 1 of 5
d. 1 of 2
* 55. Of the following, which best describes the rate of poverty in the United States compared to other
industrialized countries?
a. The rate of poverty is much lower in the United States than it is in other industrialized countries.
b. The rate of poverty in the United States is slightly lower than the rate of poverty in other
industrialized countries.
c. The rate of poverty in the United States is about the same as the rate of poverty in other
industrialized countries.
d. The rate of poverty is consistently higher than the rate of poverty in other industrialized countries.
* 56. Of the following, which best describes the reason that the problem of poverty in our country basically a
very wealthy country is so hard to combat?
a. each children of poverty.
b. The problem of poverty in our country has never been addressed by our federal government.
c. Most people who live in poverty are intellectually handicapped, so little can be done for them.
d. Politicians disagree about the root causes of poverty, so they can
* 57. Of the following, which statement most accurately describes the likelihood of students who live in poverty
dropping out of school compared to their more affluent peers?
a. Children of poverty are less likely to drop out of school, because they realize that education is the
only way out of poverty.
b. Children of poverty and their more affluent peers are about equally likely to drop out of school.
c. Children of poverty are about twice as likely to drop out of school as are their more affluent peers.
d. Children of poverty are five times more likely to drop out of school than are their more affluent
peers.
.
Chapter 2: Changes in American Socie
* 58. he number of homeless children in the
United States?
a. Up to 100,000 students
b. Up to a quarter of a million students
c. Up to a million and a half students
d. Up to five million students
* 59. Socioeconomic status influences learning through which of the following ways?
1. Parental attitudes and values
2. Cultural and ethnic practices
3. Interaction patterns in the home
4. Physical and safety needs
a. 1, 2, 3 b. 1, 2, 4 c. 2, 3, 4 d. 1, 3, 4
* 60. Which tends to be true of students from lower socioeconomic status homes?
a. They have fewer school-related background experiences than students from higher SES
backgrounds.
b. They are unable to learn in regular classrooms, and usually are placed in classes for students with
exceptionalities.
c. They tend to gravitate to activities out of the academic mainstream, such as sports, music, and art.
d. They tend to have more fully developed social lives that students from higher SES backgrounds.
* 61. Of the following, low SES parents tend to place the greatest emphasis on:
a. autonomy and initiative.
b. affiliation and sensitivity.
c. achievement and independence.
d. conformity and obedience.
* 62. According to research, which of the following generalizations is the most accurate comparison of high and
low SES parents?
a. In interacting with their children, low SES parents are more likely to give reasons for their directions
than are high SES parents.
b. In interacting with their children, high SES parents are more likely to give reasons for their
directions than are low SES parents.
c. In interacting with their children, low and high SES parents are equally likely to give reasons for
their directions.
d. In interacting with their children, low and high SES parents are about equally likely to give reasons
for their directions, but high SES parents are more likely to demand that the directions are followed.
* 63. level of skills
necessary to survive i
a. Low SES students
b. Cultural minority students
c. Students with ineffective learning styles
d. At-risk students
Chapter 2: Changes in American Socie
Use the following information for items 64 and 65.
Ariel Nagales, a 7th grader, is an immigrant from the Dominican Republic. He struggles with English, but it is
improving rapidly. He says that his family practices speaking English at the dinner table each evening. His father
makes $44,000 a year as a foreman on one of
has a sister in the second grade and a brother in kindergarten, and she has to pick Ariel up from soccer practice each
evening. He is a star on the junior high team.
Latisha Brown, an African American student and also a 7th grader, lives with her single mother who has a full-
time job working for a maid service. Latisha helps with cooking and housekeeping at home, since her mother is
usually exhausted when she comes home, and Latisha has a younger brother and two younger sisters. She usually
finishes the housework by 8 p.m., and she then finishes her homework while her mother helps her brother and sisters
ind
that his parents were divorced shortly after they had immigrated to this country from the Philippines. Henry lives
with his mother who is transferred regularly in her job as a government liaison for minority federal programs.
Henry has attended four different schools in the last three years. In a letter to the school, Mrs. Martinez expressed
also proudly pointed out that Henry was an all-star on his youth soccer team at the last school he attended. Henry
spoke of her and his two younger sisters often, frequently citing examples of some of the fun things they did
together on the weekends and the interesting stories his mother read to them in the evenings.
Calvin Henry, another African American 7th grader, lives in Brentwood, a local inner-city area. Calvin has been
living with his grandmother, an energetic 65-year-
make en source of income is social security. Calvin is both athletic and
musical, and his grandmother continually encourages him to begin playing a musical instrument and go out for the
ays maybe when he gets into high
school. Right now he would rather hang out with his friends after school.
** 64. If the students fit patterns identified by research, the student who has the greatest likelihood of being placed
at risk is:
a. Ariel.
b. Latisha.
c. Henry.
d. Calvin.
** 65. If the students fit patterns identified by research, the student who has the least likelihood of being placed at
risk is:
a. Ariel.
b. Latisha.
c. Henry.
d. Calvin.
* 66. Of the following, which statement most accurately describes the rate of dropping out of high school for
members of cultural minorities compared to students in general?
a. Overall, about 90% of students graduate from high school, but for members of cultural minorities,
that figure is closer to 80%.
b. Overall, slightly more than 70% of students graduate from high school, but for members of cultural
minorities, that figure is closer to 50%.
c. Overall, about 70% of students graduate from high school, but for members of cultural minorities,
that figure is closer to 33%.
d. Overall, about 60% of students graduate from high school, but for members of cultural minorities,
that figure is closer to 30%.
Chapter 2: Changes in American Socie
* 67. Which of the following tend to be characteristics of urban schools compared to suburban schools?
1. They are better funded than suburban schools.
2. They are generally larger than suburban schools.
3. The rate of student poverty is higher than in suburban schools.
4. They are more diverse than suburban schools.
a. 1, 2, 3, 4 b. 1, 3, 4 c. 2, 3, 4 d. 3, 4
* 68. Of the following, which most accurately describes your employment opportunities in an urban school
compared to a suburban school?
a. Your employment opportunity will be much higher in a suburban school, because many families
have moved to the suburbs over the past three decades.
b. Your employment opportunities will be slightly higher in suburban schools, because many families
have moved to the suburbs, but the trend has slowed over the past several years.
c. Your employment opportunities in urban and suburban schools will be similar, because they serve
similar numbers of students.
d. Your employment opportunities will be significantly higher in urban schools, because teaching in
them is viewed as challenging and veteran teachers choose jobs in suburbs.
* 69. Schools that serve as family resource centers designed to provide a range of social and health services to
create a safety net for students and their families are called:
a. schools for students at risk.
b. social and health service schools.
c. schools for members of cultural minorities.
d. full-service schools.
* 70. -city school and want to know what adjustments you need
to make to work with at-risk students. Which of the following is the most important adjustment?
a. Allow the students to work individually, such as on worksheets and computer drill and practice
activities.
b. Carry the content to the students personally through interactive teaching.
c. Expect student apathy and boredom; be prepared to maintain high levels of classroom discipline.
d. Decrease expectations to ensure that students will be successful.
* 71. According to research, the most effective intervention for increasing the achievement of students at risk is
to:
a. increase the number of assignments and quizzes given.
b.
c. slightly relax the standards for classroom management and discipline.
d. give the students more opportunity to respond to written materials, such as worksheets.
* 72. –
a. It is not linked to instructional interventions.
b. It is an
c.
d. It creates lowered expectations for student success.
* 73. Of the following, which most strongly contributes to the development of resilience?
a. The nurturing of a caring adult.
b. A variety of experiences in the preschool years
c. Positive identity with cultural attitudes and values
d. An instinctive desire to succeed
Chapter 2: Changes in American Socie
* 74. Which of the following best describes the relationship between challenge and effective instruction for at-
risk students?
a. Challenge is effective for some at-risk students, but not all.
b. Challenge increases motivation for nearly all at-risk students, because it emphasizes high
expectations.
c. Challenge can be over-emphasized, resulting in discouragement.
d. Challenge can be misinterpreted by many at-risk students.
* 75. Which of the following are characteristics of schools that are effective for working with students at risk?
1. Slightly more relaxed classroom management systems, because students at risk lack structure in their
home lives.
2. Emphasis on students learning to accept personal responsibility and develop self-regulation.
3. Slightly lower expectations to help ensure that students experience as much success as possible.
4. Emphasis on cooperative, sense of community, and prosocial values.
5. Teachers who communicate that they both care about their students as people and are committed to
g.
a. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 b. 1, 2, 4, 5 c. 3, 4, 5 d. 2, 4, 5
* 76. Which of the following are accurate descriptions of effective instruction for at-risk students?
1. It emphasizes how to learn as well as what to learn.
2. It stresses the importance of student responsibility and self regulation.
3. It simplifies the curriculum and makes it easier.
4. It provides greater structure, support and feedback than might be provided for student not at risk.
a. 1, 2, 4 b. 1, 3, 4 c. 2, 3, 4 d. 1, 2, 3
Essay Items
** 77. Describe three ways in which socioeconomic status can influence student learning. In your description
compare patterns in high-SES families to patterns that tend to exist in low-SES families.
** 78. Describe an important caution teachers should keep in mind when working with students from different
socioeconomic backgrounds.
** 79. Henry Martinez, comes to your class a month after school began.
find that his parents were divorced shortly after they had immigrated to this country from the Philippines.
Henry lives with his mother who is transferred regularly in her job as a government liaison for minority
federal programs. Henry has attended four different schools in the last three years. In a letter to the school,
thousand dollar a year job. She also proudly pointed out that Henry was an all-star on his youth soccer
team at the last school he attended. Henry spoke of her and his two younger sisters often, frequently citing
examples of some of the fun things they did together on the weekends and the interesting stories his mother
read to them in the evenings.
Identify two characteristics that would make Henry a student placed at risk. Then identify two other
** 80. Describe the personal, economic, and educational consequences of dropping out of high school compared
to graduating from high school.
** 81. Describe effective schools for students at risk.
** 82. Describe effective teaching practices for students at risk.
Chapter 2: Changes in American Socie
CHAPTER TWO ANSWERS
Changes in American Families
Changes in our Students
Chapter 2: Changes in American Socie
The Influence of Socioeconomic Factors on Students
Chapter 2: Changes in American Socie