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Chapter 11: Students with Intellectual Disability
Multiple Choice
1. Intellectual disabilities are characterized by significant limitations both in:
A. Intellectual functioning and IQ scores
B. Intellectual functioning and functional behavior
C. Intellectual functioning and academic achievement
D. Intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior
2. According to IDEA, intellectual disabilities must manifest:
A. During the developmental period
B. Before 18 years of age
C. Before 3 years of age
D. During the first 12 months of age
3. Each of the following is an assumption regarding the definition of intellectual disabilities
except:
A. Limitations must be considered within the context of community environments typical
of the person’s age, peers, and culture.
B. Valid assessments, considering cultural and linguistic diversity and differences in
communication, sensory, motor, and behavioral factors, must be used.
C. The condition is permanent, and even with personalized supports over a sustained
period it does not improve.
D. Limitations within an individual coexist with strengths.
4. Services, resources, and personal assistance for enabling a person to develop, learn, and live
effectively are called:
A. Transitions
B. Supports
C. Supplements
D. Advocates
5. Which of the following means providing services, resources, and personal assistance on a
constant basis?
A. Limited
B. Intermittent
C. Extensive
D. Pervasive
6. Two major characteristics of intellectual disabilities are limitations in intellectual functioning
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and which of the following?
A. Low IQ
B. Limitations in adaptive behavior
C. Speech and language limitations
D. Behavior disorders
7. According to the U.S. Department of Education, what percentage of school age children
identified to receive special education services receives services for intellectual disabilities?
A. About 7%
B. Only 2%
C. Nearly 15%
D. Over 20%
8. Students with lower IQs tend to have which of the following?
A. Fewer needs for supports to function in school
B. Greater needs for supports to function at school
C. Fewer needs for supports to function in other settings
D. No educational benefit from school
9. Students with intellectual disabilities have an IQ that is which of the following?
A. Within two standard deviations of the mean.
B. Two standard deviations above the mean.
C. Two or more standard deviations below the mean.
D. One standard deviation below the mean.
10. The majority of students with intellectual disabilities have IQ ranges in which of the
following?
A. 50–55 to approximately 70
B. 35–40 to 50–55
C. 20–25 to 30–40
D. IQ below 20–25
11. The ability to transfer knowledge or behavior learned for doing one task to another task and
to make that transfer across different settings or environments is which of the following?
A. Long-term memory
B. Working Memory
C. Generalization
D. Short-term memory
12. Students with intellectual disabilities have difficulty transferring knowledge or behavior
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learned for doing one task to another task for each of the following reasons EXCEPT:
A. Expectations vary in different settings
B. They do not have the intellectual capacity to learn the skill
C. Non-school settings tend to have greater complexity and more distractions
D. They have challenges using working memory in novel situations
13. People with intellectual disabilities have significant limitations in adaptive behavior as
expressed in conceptual, practical skills, and:
A. Behavioral skills
B. Intellectual skills
C. Social skills
D. Vocational skills
14. Which of the following refers to the time of onset of the disability as being before birth?
A. Prenatal
B. Perinatal
C. Postnatal
D. In Utero
15. The cause of intellectual disabilities is unknown in what percent of cases?
A. Nearly 100%
B. About 50%
C. Only 25%
D. Approximately 75%
16. Risk factors that have been identified to possibly cause intellectual disabilities include each
of the following except which one?
A. Biomedical factors
B. Social factors
C. Behavioral factors
D. Family factors
17. The risk factors that interact with each other and with biomedical risk factors to influence the
existence and extent of intellectual disabilities include each of the following except:
A. Behavioral
B. Social
C. Educational
D. Familial
18. Which social, behavioral, or educational factor is associated with intellectual disabilities
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more than with any other disability?
A. High divorce rate
B. Large family size
C. Poverty
D. Poor nutrition
19. This term refers to the conceptual, social, and practical skills that people learn and perform to
function in everyday life.
A. Positive behavior
B. Social behavior
C. Adaptive behavior
D. Conceptual behavior
20. What test is currently being developed to measure adaptive behavior that is normed on the
general population rather than people with impairments in adaptive skills?
A. Diagnostic Adaptive Behavior Scale (DABS)
B. Adaptive Behavior Scale-School (ABS-S)
C. Diagnostic Criteria for Behavior (DCB)
D. Normed Behavior Scale (NBS)
21. Appropriate roles for paraprofessionals include each of the following except which one?
A. Providing individualized instruction to groups of students
B. Facilitating friendships among students with and without disabilities
C. Providing primary instruction to students with disabilities
D. Assisting students with personal care
22. Which of the following is NOT one of the three domains of adaptive behavior?
A. Conceptual skills
B. Social skills
C. Physical skills
D. Practical skills
23. A research-based practice that provides content instruction in a different time sequence is
called:
A. Differentiated instruction
B. Explicit instruction
C. Embedded instruction
D. Responsive instruction
24. This term refers to acting volitionally, or making or causing things to happen in your life.
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A. The self-determined learning model
B. Community-based instruction
C. Prelinguistic milieu teaching
D. Universal design for learning
25. Transition programs are effective when students with intellectual disabilities achieve each of
the following except:
A. Are integrated into and participate in their community
B. Learn work-related skills
C. Live in a group home or institution
D. Engage in a full array of leisure activities
26. Community-based instruction is most effective when it is based on a(n):
A. Ecological inventory
B. Life-space analysis
C. Prelinguistic milieu
D. Universal design for learning
27. What percent of students with intellectual disabilities spend 80-100% of their time in general
education settings?
A. 48%
B. 8%
C. 27%
D. 17%
28. What percentage of students with intellectual disabilities spend their time in a separate
setting?
A. 7%
B. 1%
C. 80%
D. 50%
29. What percentage of students with intellectual disabilities spend 40-79% of their school day in
an inclusive setting?
A. 7%
B. 1%
C. 80%
D. 26%
30. All of the following are typical testing accommodations for students with intellectual
disabilities except:
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A. Dictating responses to a scribe
B. Exemption from taking tests
C. Having test items read to them
D. Extended time
Praxis style questions
1. Marisa is a student with an intellectual disability who participates in a job-training program.
Marisa is very shy around coworkers. What could you do to help Marisa with her social
skills on the job?
A. Tell her she will never get a job unless she learns to interact with others.
B. Tell her coworkers that Marisa does not talk.
C. Include social skills training as a component of her transition instruction.
D. Reward Marisa every time she speaks to another person.
2. Two tests that could be used to identify a student as having intellectual disabilities are which
of the following?
A. WISC-IV and the Adaptive Behavior Scale
B. WJ Cognitive Battery and WJ Tests of Achievement
C. MMPI and Meyers-Briggs
D. Stanford-Binet and Scales of Independent Behavior
3. In order to be identified as having an intellectual disability, a child must demonstrate
significantly below average intellectual functioning and which of the following?
A. Related limitation on two or more areas of adaptive skills
B. Genetic abnormalities
C. Seizure syndrome and brain dysfunction
D. A discrepancy between ability and achievement
Short Answer
1. What factors influence the prevalence of intellectual disabilities and what characteristics are
associated with each?
2. What four risk factors are associated with causes of intellectual disabilities (provide an
example of each)?
3. Define adaptive behavior and list its three domains.
4. Briefly describe community-based instruction.
5. What is an ecological inventory?
Essay
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1. Explain generalization and the challenges of generalization faced by students with intellectual
disabilities. Give a example of a generalization problem a student might have (not used in the
textbook) that illustrates why teaching in a typical community setting is important
2. Why is adaptive behavior a critical part of the definition of intellectual disabilities?
3. Summarize the causes of intellectual disabilities.
4. Describe the concept of embedded instruction.
5. Describe the self-determined learning model of instruction and explain how it benefits
students with intellectual disabilities.
Chapter 11: Students with Intellectual Disability
Multiple Choice
Praxis
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Short Answer
Essay
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