1. Which of the following statements is true regarding global stratification?
a. Global stratification is stratification of individuals on the basis of public opinion only.
b. Global stratification exists in most countries.
c. Global stratification is a hierarchy of countries similar to stratification within countries.
d. Global stratification is a recent phenomenon.
2. Walter is part of the richest 20 percent of the world’s population. This group controls _____ of the world income.
a. 82.8 percent
b. 9.9 percent
c. 4.2 percent
d. 1.0 percent
3. The majority of the wealthy countries, as measured by the GNI in 2011 were in:
a. North America.
b. Asia.
c. western Europe.
d. the Middle East.
4. The majority of the poorest nations, as measured by the GNI in 2011 were in:
a. Asia.
b. Europe.
c. Africa.
d. North America.
5. As measured by the GNI, the United States is:
a. very poor.
b. poor.
c. wealthy.
d. very wealthy.
6. Compared to Sweden the U.S. Gini coefficient reveals that the _____.
a. U.S. has a high degree of internal inequality
b. Swedes have a high degree of internal inequality
c. U.S. has a high degree of internal equality
d. Swedes are a highly stratified society
7. The _____ countries are typically poor and largely agricultural.
a. core countries
b. peripheral countries
c. semiperipheral countries
d. hybrid countries
8. Countries that are partly industrialized but extract profits from poor countries to pass on to core countries are called
_____.
a. Third world countries
b. Semiperipheral countries
c. Exploitative countries
d. Core zones
9. According to modernization theory,
a. social change involves increasing complexity, differentiation, and efficiency.
b. social change leads to an international division of labor.
c. social change results from neocolonialism.
d. social change is the result of some nations having more power than other nations.
10. According to modernization theory, some countries remain underdeveloped because:
a. they have traditional values and institutions.
b. they are agrarian countries.
c. their government reinforces inequality.
d. their population is too large.
11. A student examining dependency theory is interested in documenting which of the following?
a. Neocolonialism
b. Modernization
c. How values shape development
d. Class struggles within developing nations
12. Colonization ended soon after _____.
a. World War I
b. World War II
c. the Industrial Revolution
d. the Enlightenment
13. According to world systems theory, poverty is the result of:
a. adherence to traditional values and customs.
b. dependence on wealthy nations.
c. core nations extracting labor and resources from peripheral nations.
d. racial inequality.
14. John lives and works in Mississippi. He is part of a commodity chain because
a. he makes a product that is produced only in his town.
b. he works at a company making brass plates sold around the world.
c. he is part of global production and labor process connecting him with other regions of the world.
d. of all of the answer choices.
15. Global migrants are characterized by which of the following?
a. Victims of war
b. Legal and illegal workers searching for work
c. Low wage workers
d. All of the above
16. Which of the following reflects the effects of population growth on development?
a. Population growth leads to economic stagnation.
b. Population growth leads to development.
c. Population growth can lead to development or can lead to stagnation, depending on the country.
d. Population growth is unrelated to economic development.
17. The United States is responsible for approximately _____ of the global energy use.
a. one-fourth
b. one-third
c. one-half
d. two-thirds
18. Which of the following is a disadvantage of the informal education system in many poor nations?
a. It does not prepare students for agricultural work.
b. It does not prepare students for the modern world.
c. It reinforces gender inequality.
d. It ignores the role of government in education.
19. Violence against women occurs:
a. in every country in the world.
b. only in underdeveloped countries.
c. only in countries with authoritarian regimes.
d. only in countries with fundamentalist societies.
20. Terrorism is difficult to predict because:
a. it is done by third world populations.
b. terrorist operate outside the bounds of normative behavior.
c. terrorist are not likely to be caught.
d. it is a global offense.
21. According to the World Bank, _____ people live in extreme poverty.
a. 7.8 million
b. 21.1 million
c. 308.7 million
d. 1.4 billion
22. Which of the following is not a component of the multidimensional poverty index?
a. Health
b. Education
c. Access to technology
d. Standard of living
23. Which of the following is false?
a. High fertility rates are related to lower life expectancy for women.
b. High fertility rates are related to women’s degree of empowerment in the society.
c. High fertility rates are lowered by providing women with education, property, and voting rights.
d. High fertility rates are no longer a major factor in the context of poverty.
24. Double deprivation refers to
a. women and children being disproportionately impoverished.
b. women bearing a larger share of global poverty than men.
c. the result of a cycle of poverty.
d. the likelihood of men to control to means of production.
25. The highest incidence of poverty anywhere in the world is in ______.
a. East Asia
b. sub-Sahara Africa
c. Eastern Europe
d. the Arctic
26. The example of toy manufacturers is used in the text to illustrate
a. the fact that goods like toys and clothing link the U.S. to the rest of the world.
b. that the manufacture of toys in the U.S. is a growth industry that protects American jobs.
c. how popular protests against outsourcing have been successful at protecting American jobs.
d. how children are valued around the world.
27. The total volume of goods and services produced by a country each year, divided by the size of the population is
called the ______.
a. production index
b. the net national product (NNP)
c. per capita gross national income (per capita GNI)
d. the consumer index
28. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union and the change in the governments of Eastern Europe, what changes have
most of the second-world countries undergone?
a. They now have democratically elected governments.
b. They have moved toward a market economic system.
c. They have returned to a more agricultural type of society.
d. They have grown substantially in size.
29. A comparison of the world’s richest and poorest countries reveals that the poorest countries tend to be/have all
of the following, except:
a. be largely rural.
b. be heavily dependent on subsistence agriculture.
c. have large populations and high fertility rates.
d. have a socialist government.
30. What is the origin of the racial component to global inequality?
a. The history of Western colonialism
b. The racist nature of global capitalism
c. The cultural differences between different populations
d. The varied definitions of race around the world
31. If a study abroad student was to go to a county with high levels of equality he or she will go to:
a. Trinidad.
b. Brazil.
c. Sweden.
d. China.
32. Which of the following characterizes wealthy countries?
a. Industrial and rural
b. Industrial and oil producing nations
c. Newly industrialized countries
d. Nations with large populations
33. Which of these statements related to global stratification is true?
a. All people in poor countries are poor.
b. Poor countries lack natural resources.
c. The majority of the world’s population lives in poor countries.
d. Poor countries are more urban than wealthy countries.
34. If a student visits a country with a high gini coefficient the population is characterized by:
a. equal income distribution.
b. high levels of wealth distributed to the bottom earners.
c. inequality.
d. little wealth.
35. According to modernization theory
a. economic development is dependent on technological change.
b. governments should make economic policies that, when necessary, restrict business activities and free
trade.
c. poor countries really have no control over being poor.
d. poor countries will remain poor.
36. Modernization theorists argue that developing countries benefit greatly when they
a. encourage government intervention in the economy to spur economic development.
b. let the natural forces of competition determine which individuals become successful and which do not.
c. colonize weaker nations on their borders.
d. stem from a single economic system.
37. Neocolonialism, the continued control of low-income countries by wealthier nations, is maintained primarily
through
a. military intervention by the industrialized powers.
b. the indebtedness of the poorer countries to wealthier nations.
c. political sanctions imposed by core countries.
d. multinational corporations
38. According to dependency theorists, multinational corporations
a. play an active role in keeping dependent nations poor.
b. are good for the domestic economies of less developed countries.
c. provide a valuable market for raw materials for poor nations.
d. alleviate some global inequality.
39. Critics of dependency theory note all of the following, except:
a. not all former colonies are impoverished today.
b. some very poor nations were never colonized.
c. it has been possible for former some colonies to improve their economic status.
d. some nations have fought against colonialism.
40. World cities are those that are
a. closely linked in a system of international commerce.
b. the locations of most of the refugee camps in the world.
c. the oldest cities in the world.
d. benefited from multinational corporations.
41. When workers work in one country and live in another county they represent _____.
a. global culture
b. political exiles
c. transnational communities
d. global outsourcing
42. Demographic statistics indicate that the world’s poorest countries have the
a. highest death rates and the lowest birth rates.
b. highest death rates and the highest birth rates.
c. lowest death rates and the highest birth rates.
d. lowest death rates and the lowest birth rates.
43. Compared with other countries, the populations of the world’s richest countries are
a. getting larger.
b. younger.
c. getting smaller.
d. staying the same.
44. Which of these is most likely to be a problem for the overall population of high-income countries?
a. Inadequate sewage system
b. Lack of access to clean water
c. Overproduction of greenhouse gas
d. Low-birth weight for newborns
45. How is environmental degradation related to global stratification?
a. The type of environmental degradation and its impact depends on the location of the country in the global
stratification system.
b. The wealthiest nations are unaffected by environmental degradation.
c. The poorest nations are not developed enough to experience problems with environmental degradation.
d. Environmental degradation is not related to the global stratification.
46. Which of the following is the measure used to address women’s development status by sociology of development
theorists?
a. Commodity chain
b. Gender inequality index
c. Capability index
d. Human poverty index
47. According to the United Nations,
a. throughout the world women’s poverty has been decreasing.
b. women’s share of representation in governments has been decreasing, despite some gains in education.
c. women have achieved near-equity with men in terms of primary education.
d. women continue to lag behind men in education outcomes.
48. According to the United Nations, how does violence affect women in different countries?
a. Violence against women has become much less of a problem in the developed or industrialized world.
b. It is not possible to discuss violence cross-culturally because it is such an individualized problem.
c. Violence against women results at the societal level from gender roles and norms that tolerate violence.
d. Income is a much more important determinant than gender in regards to violence.
49. According to the text, global stratification
a. has contributed to political instability and the threat of terrorism.
b. creates a core group of strong nations able to ensure world peace.
c. results in cooperation as countries work together to overcome poverty.
d. has undermined the military power of wealthy nations.
50. According to the text, global stratification contributes to the threat of terrorism, particularly against the U.S.
Which of the following is not one of the reasons why this is the case?
a. Western culture is perceived as degenerate by some traditional religious leaders.
b. The consumerism of American culture is seen as threatening to the traditional way of life in some countries.
c. The sexual freedom and relative equality of Western women is seen as undermining traditional values in
other countries.
d. Religious extremists do not recognize the economic dependency of poor countries on wealthy countries.
51. How is social class related to the context of terrorism?
a. Suicide bombers are often recruited from among the poorly educated and impoverished groups in a
society.
b. The leaders of terrorist movements come from the poorest classes and bear a great of resentment toward
those in wealthier countries.
c. Rates of terrorism increase significantly when a country begins to develop economically.
d. The negative consequences of terrorism are experienced more dramatically by the upper class.
52. About _____ of the world’s population comprises what the United Nation’s calls the global underclass.
a. one-fifth
b. one-fourth
c. one-third
d. one-half
53. According to the text, what is the role of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund in world poverty?
a. They have lent money to political dissidents causing political instability.
b. They have required restructuring that limits government spending on human services in nations that have
borrowed money to support their failing economies.
c. They have limited the amount of food that may be grown using funds they have lent to developing
countries.
d. They have drastically reduced funding for the poorest nations.
54. According to the text, world poverty is caused by all of the following except:
a. unstable governments unable to provide basic services.
b. economies reorganized to pay debt decreasing resources for human services.
c. changes in the world economic system that have favored some economies over others.
d. there is not enough food grown in the world to feed everyone.
55. The examples of India and China as newly industrializing countries are notable because they demonstrate
a. that communist countries can develop economically.
b. that countries with large populations may experience successful economic development.
c. that economic development may take place without industrialization.
d. how economies can improve without government investment.
56. The bottom 40 percent of world population control 20 percent of global wealth.
a. True
b. False
57. Explain what the multidimensional poverty index is, what it measures, and what indicators are used for
industrialized and developing countries.
58. Global inequality is apparent in _____.
a. life expectancy
b. rates of infant mortality
c. access to health services
d. All of these choices are true.
59. Per capita GNI is only a reliable measure when used for countries that
a. are based on a cash economy.
b. make extensive use of bartering and non-cash transaction.
c. have a socialist economic system.
d. are not very economically developed.
60. Which of the following is true about using annual per capita gross national income (per capita GNI) to measure
the wealth of nations?
a. It accurately reflects what individuals actually receive in wages.
b. Per capita GNI reflects each person’s share of their country’s production, not wages or pay.
c. It effectively measures informal exchanges and bartering in which resources are exchanged.
d. It accurately reflects what families actually receive in wages or pay.
61. Which of the following is false about multinational corporations in the global economy?
a. They have contributed to the exploitation of the poor peripheral nations.
b.
Multinationals‘ search for cheap labor has encouraged low-skilled workers to immigrate from poor to richer nations.
c. Multinationals have created a poor and dependent workforce that is predominantly white.
d. They have contributed to racial tensions between people from different countries.