Hutchison, Dimensions of Human Behavior, 6e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
Chapter 7: Young Adulthood
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. According to the text, the major challenges facing young adults are taking
responsibility for themselves, becoming financially independent, and ______.
A. making independent decisions
B. engaging with the community
C. leaving the family home
D. forming belief and value systems
2. Which of the following “sign posts” demonstrates young adults becoming functioning
members of society as defined by the text?
A. forming a family
B. completing a postsecondary education
C. voting
D. developing a social network
3. According to Levinson’s theory, the transition to adulthood primarily takes hold in
which two domains?
A. work and relationships
B. finances and family
C. career and education
D. home life and identity development
4. Arnett proposed five features that make emerging adulthood distinct from
adolescence and young adulthood, including self-focus, identity exploration, and
______.
A. stability
B. feeling in-between
C. cynicism
D. life structure
5. In ______, adulthood transitions are defined by circumstance and situation.
A. life structure
B. developmental individualization
C. emerging adulthood
D. default individualization
6. Young adulthoods who do not overcome Erikson’s psychosocial challenge for young
adulthood often feel ______.
A. unsuccessful
B. dissatisfied
C. alienated
D. stagnant
7. Which stage of Marcia’s identity formation involves commitment and no exploration?
A. diffused
B. foreclosed
C. moratorium
Hutchison, Dimensions of Human Behavior, 6e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
D. achievement
8. According to the text, spirituality develops in which three dimensions?
A. service, attachment, and ethics
B. prayer, connection, and values
C. cognition, affect, and behavior
D. behavior, effect, and love
9. The three components of intimacy are self-disclosure, affection, and ______.
A. interdependence with another person
B. self-esteem
C. dependence on another person
D. separate but equal identities
10. Which of the following describes a romance script in lesbian relationship
development?
A. emotional commitment where sexual behavior may or may not be part of the
relationship
B. emotional and sexual attraction and quick commitment
C. friendship expectations and no commitment
D. sexual attraction is the focal point and emotional intimacy is secondary
11. According to the text, what is the biggest threat to young adults’ lives?
A. automobile accidents
B. lack of health insurance
C. poor diet
D. lack of exercise
12. Making compromises, demonstrating support, and ______ are all ways to foster
intimacy with a partner as listed in the text.
A. sharing one’s relationship history
B. creating shared partner values
C. providing constructive feedback
D. renegotiating one’s identity
13. In the textbook, the range of young adulthood is considered ______.
A. 18–40 years
B. 18–25 years
C. 22–34 years
D. 25–40 years
14. Low family income during infancy and poor reading achievement by age 10 are
examples of ______.
A. community-based issues
B. protective factors
C. barriers to career success
D. risk factors associated with the transition to adulthood
15. A significant social role transition in young adulthood is ______.
A. prioritizing global health
B. generativity
C. becoming spiritually enlightened
D. becoming a parent
16. Jeffery Jensen Arnett’s stage of early young adulthood is called ______.
A. youngest of the young adults
B. emerging adulthood
C. embryonic adulthood
D. middle adulthood
17. Research shows that youth aging out of foster care are particularly at risk for
______.
A. delinquency, HIV, and Hepatitis C
B. HIV, substance abuse, and homelessness
C. homelessness, substance abuse, and involvement with the criminal justice system
D. homelessness, academic low achievement, and contracting a sexually transmitted
disease
18. Former foster youth who were successful in finding employment and housing were
likely to have ______.
A. strong social support system and problem-solving skills
B. strong social support system and good health-care insurance
C. good health-care insurance and strong religious beliefs
D. problem-solving skills and Medicaid assistance
19. What is the role of fictive kin in parenting?
A. Fictive kin can confuse children about who their actual relatives are.
B. Fictive kin are often more influential than biological family.
C. Fictive kin provide financial contributions to the family.
D. Fictive kin can play an important role in a child’s development.
20. Kohlberg’s postconventional stage of moral development emphasizes greater
contemplation of ethical principles and development of a ______.
A. mindful awareness
B. spiritual base
C. moral conscience
D. global conscience
21. According to Piaget, enhanced problem-solving and reasoning capabilities comes in
the ______.
A. moral-realism stage
B. postconventional stage
C. preoperational stage
D. formal operations stage
Hutchison, Dimensions of Human Behavior, 6e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
22. The quality of relationships between young adult partners and among the partners
and their respective families will influence the couple’s adjustment to ______.
A. financial independence
B. parenthood
C. career trajectory
D. spiritual and moral enlightenment
23. Talents, skills, intellectual capacity, social development, and emotional regulatory
capacity can all be described as ______.
A. human capital
B. social capital
C. vocational capital
D. socioeconomic capital
24. Family contributions that aid in deferring the immediate economic costs of long-term
investments are called ______.
A. intermediary assets
B. community assets
C. transient assets
D. transformative assets
25. Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development describes the major task of young
adulthood as the crisis of ______.
A. generativity versus stagnation
B. intimacy versus isolation
C. identity versus role confusion
D. stability versus stress
True/False
1. Young adulthood can be defined as the point of becoming a functioning member of
the community as demonstrated by obtaining gainful employment, developing one’s own
social networks, and establishing independent housing.
2. Parenthood is an interactive process with reciprocal parent–child and child–parent
influences.
3. Traditional transitional markets that have defined adulthood are no longer salient
markers for characterizing young adults in today’s society.
4. When working with young adults who have health challenges, one should assess
how their treatment affects their physical and psychosocial development.
5. One’s successful adulthood transitioning into the labor market relies primarily on
human capital.
6. Intimate violence and intimate terrorism are different terms that describe the same
situation.
7. The development of spirituality for young adulthood is a time of exploration and
refining belief systems.
8. Young adults are typically in a stage of spiritual development called synthetic-
conventional faith, a stage when the person begins to look for authority within the self.
9. Poor social functioning in young adulthood can be linked to problems in school and
family during adolescence.
Hutchison, Dimensions of Human Behavior, 6e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
10. Emerging adulthood is a universal stage of the life course.
Essays
1. Describe and discuss the developmental phase that Jeffrey Jenson Arnett
conceptualizes as “emerging adulthood.” What historic and economic trends are factors
in producing “emerging adulthood?”
2. Discuss the psychological self in young adulthood. Include in your discussion the
intertwined aspects of cognition, spirituality, and identity. Cite any examples from the
stories of Dominique, Johnny, Sheila, or Carla Jonathan and Kai that illustrate points of
your discussion.
3. Discuss the various aspects of social development and social functioning in young
adulthood. Include in your discussion the important dimensions of relationship
development and work.
Hutchison, Dimensions of Human Behavior, 6e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
4. Summarize factors involved in successful role reorganization and adjustment to
parenthood. Identify issues that may arise for Jonathan and Kai as they become new
parents and attempt to balance the new obligations and responsibility of parenthood
with other aspects of their lives.
5. Discuss the role and benefits of work in the young adult life stage. How do factors
such as gender, race, ethnicity, and disability affect transition into the labor force?
Explain the impact of economic shifts and the changing demands of the labor market on
individuals’ chances to work.