100. Studies of corporate crime find that
a. those who engage in deviant behavior are aware of the consequences that their behavior has for others.
b. the deviant behavior is part of the routine activities of the corporation.
c. the costs to society are overstated in the media.
d. new employees are the most likely to be whistleblowers.
101. Studies of women’s victimization in gender-based violence indicate that
a. women actually commit more crime than men if prostitution is included in the statistics.
b. women’s victimization tend to be extensions of their gender roles.
c. women tend to bring violence on themselves.
d. overall rates of violent crime against women have decreased by two-thirds over the past decade.
102. Officer Matthews sees two cars speed by. According to the meter, the drivers were each going ten miles over the
speed limit. One driver has light colored skin and the other has dark colored skin. Officer Matthews pulls over the
darker-skinned driver. Matthews is using:
a. good judgment.
b. racial profiling.
c. neutral policing.
d. randomness.
103. Racial minorities account for more than _____ of male prisoners in the United States.
a. one-quarter
b. one-third
c. one-half
d. two-thirds
104. _____ crimes are those motivated by various forms of social bias.
a. Personal
b. Victimless
c. Preference
d. Hate
105. What is the pattern of race in prosecution and sentencing for crimes?
a. Members of minority groups tend to have greater access to plea bargaining.
b. Defendants of minority status and White defendants have about the same rates of conviction.
c. African American and Hispanic defendants receive longer sentences than White defendants, even when
they have the same background.
d. Although African Americans and Hispanics are more likely than whites to receive the death penalty, they
are also more likely to be pardoned.
106. The FBI views terrorism as:
a. a crime that violates only international laws.
b. a violent action to achieve political ends.
c. a necessary evil.
d. including bioterrorism but not cyberterrorism.
107. From a sociological perspective, definitions of deviance depend on the social context in which the behavior
occurs.
a. True
b. False
108. Deviance is socially constructed.
a. True
b. False
109. Crime is an example of formal deviance.
a. True
b. False
110. Over time it is possible for some previously accepted behaviors to come to be considered as deviant.
a. True
b. False
111. Once behaviors are considered deviant within a society, it is not possible to change this perception.
a. True
b. False
112. In some subcultures or situations, deviant behavior is encouraged and praised.
a. True
b. False
113. Sociologists argue that some deviant behavior, such as joining a gang, make sense in a context of racism and
poverty.
a. True
b. False
114. Functionalists suggest that deviance is functional because it creates social cohesion.
a. True
b. False
115. From the perspective of the social control theory of deviance, most people internalize social norms because they
care what other people think of them.
a. True
b. False
116. The functionalist theory of deviance explains why some behaviors are considered deviant while others are not.
a. True
b. False
117. Conflict theorists argue that the law is generally neutral and fair in its form and implementation, favoring no
single group’s particular interests.
a. True
b. False
118. Labeling some groups of people as deviant may serve as a form of social control.
a. True
b. False
119. Sutherland’s differential association theory argues that deviant behavior is learned.
a. True
b. False
120. According to labeling theory, labels are easy to change.
a. True
b. False
121. Within a deviant community, punishment by authorities may be seen as something to be proud of.
a. True
b. False
122. Officially stated rates of deviance may not accurately reflect the incidence of crime, or number of deviant acts, in a
society.
a. True
b. False
123. The sociology of deviance has focused heavily on mental illness and crime.
a. True
b. False
124. Labeling theorists view mental illness as a violation of normative values.
a. True
b. False
125. There is a strong correlation between socioeconomic status and rates of reported mental illness.
a. True
b. False
126. While stigmas are easily earned they are also fairly easy to shed and return to a non-stigmatized identity.
a. True
b. False
127. Data from the Uniform Crime Reports show that the crime rate is increasing.
a. True
b. False
128. Within corporations, most of those who are engaged in deviant behavior are unaware that their behavior is
illegitimate.
a. True
b. False
129. Members of higher socioeconomic classes are the least likely to be victimized by crime.
a. True
b. False
130. Women are more likely than men to be the victims of crime.
a. True
b. False
131. Most sociologists would agree that “justice is blind.”
a. True
b. False
132. The number of low income women who commit crimes is increasing due to their low-wage position in the labor
market.
a. True
b. False
133. Cyberterrorism is a future possibility but currently not a threat to society.
a. True
b. False
134. The FBI identifies terrorism as a type of crime.
a. True
b. False
135. Explain what it means to say that “deviance is socially constructed?”
136. Discuss the sociological definitions of deviance.
137. Explain how sociological definitions of deviance differ from psychological explanations.
138. Explain how social movements can influence definitions of deviance.
139. Discuss how deviance can be functional for society.
140. Discuss Durkheim’s three types of suicide and give an example of each.
141. Explain Robert Merton’s structural strain theory of deviance.
142. Summarize the key differences between the functionalist and conflict theories of deviance.
143. Briefly explain how deviant identities and deviant communities are developed, according to the perspective of the
labeling theory.
144. Define the concept of stigma and explain how stigma relates to the sociological study of deviance.
145. Identify the two major sources of data on crime in the U.S., and discuss how each gets its information and how
complete they are.
146. Explain the role of race in the criminal justice system.
147. Discuss the reasons sociologists give for the increase in women’s participation in crime in recent years.
148. Discuss Durkheim’s study of suicide and how it relates to the study of deviance generally. List and briefly describe
the three types of suicide identified by Durkheim.
149. Explain labeling theory, describe how it is linked to conflict theory, and give an example of how the two theories
may be applied together.
150. Discuss the concepts of social control agents and elite deviance using conflict theory.
151. Discuss how white collar and corporate crimes are different from other crimes. In your answer, address
punishment and social status.
152. Define white collar crime and corporate crime and give an example of each. Discuss the costs of white collar and
corporate crime to society, and the difficulties in identifying and prosecuting these types of crimes.
153. Describe the patterned impact of race, gender, and class in terms of policing, arrest and conviction, and
sentencing; give specific examples whenever possible.