104. Using impression management, individuals:
a. present themselves in the same way, regardless of the situation.
b. do not think about how others will perceive them.
c. worry they will not be able to play their role properly.
d. present different “selves” to others, depending on the situation.
105. Goffmans theory, dramaturgy, views human experience as if it were a performance. Specifically, Goffman argues
that:
a. we perform in a way that presents a consistent image of ourselves.
b. we are unaware that we are engaging in a performance.
c. how we present ourselves varies according to the stage and the role we are performing.
d. the only time we are not engaged in performance is with family and close friends.
106. Social exchange theory analyzes social interaction as:
a. based on the meaning people give to actions in society.
b. enactment of social roles played out in front of an audience.
c. a rational balancing act involving perceived costs and benefits of a given behavior.
d. calculated risks to balance rewards and punishments.
107. Social exchange theorists analyze human interaction in terms of _____.
a. gender and class
b. race and ethnicity
c. profit and loss
d. gemeinschaft and gesellschaft
108. The social exchange model states that our interactions are influenced by the rewards and punishments that we
receive from others. The social rewards that influence our behavior:
a. must be tangible, such as gifts or recognition.
b. may be subtle everyday gesture such as nods or smiles.
c. must be known in advance of the interaction.
d. are influential even if they are outweighed by punishments.
109. _____ predicts that human interaction has the characteristics of a game.
a. Social exchange theory
b. Game theory
c. Impression management
d. Zero-sum
110. Which of the following statements is true about cyberspace interaction?
a. In cyberspace interaction one is encouraged to develop a new identity.
b. Negative forms of interaction (e.g., aggression, intolerance, and exclusion) are prohibited when engaging in
cyberspace interaction.
c. Tradition and a conservative mentality are emphasized in cyberspace.
d. Nonverbal communication is central to cyberspace interaction.
111. According to the text, which of the following individuals is least likely to use the Internet?
a. A Black male, living in a rural area with less than a high school education.
b. A White male, living in an urban area with a high school diploma.
c. A Hispanic female, living in a suburban area with a college education.
d. A Black female, living in an urban area with a high school diploma.
112. According to the text, which of the following best characterizes differences in Internet usage between men and
women?
a. Cyberspace is shared by all groups evenly.
b. Men use the Internet more than women.
c. Women use the Internet more than men.
d. Men are more likely to use the Internet for business purposes.
113. As cyberspace interaction increases, sociologists have begun to research the influence of the internet on social
interaction. Research indicates all of the following, except:
a. some people are able to develop close and in-depth relationships through their interaction in cyberspace.
b. cyberspace interaction seems to follow the same patterns of face-to-face interaction in terms of impression
management.
c. social interaction in cyberspace is a source of identity for people, just as in traditional forms of
communication.
d. cyberspace interaction is quickly replacing face-to-face interaction.
114. Society, while made up of individuals, is much more than the sum of individuals.
a. True
b. False
115. The internet is a major social institution.
a. True
b. False
116. Social institutions cannot be observed directly, but their impact and structure may be seen.
a. True
b. False
117. Sociologists who study patterns of social interaction use macroanalysis.
a. True
b. False
118. A society where each individual has a unique contribution has organic solidarity.
a. True
b. False
119. Durkheim believed that social cohesion is not possible in societies with complex divisions of labor.
a. True
b. False
120. In a gemeinschaft society, social control comes from the internal sense of belonging that members share.
a. True
b. False
121. Mechanical solidarity is strengthened when the division of labor increases.
a. True
b. False
122. All societies have a very complex division of labor.
a. True
b. False
123. The key difference that distinguishes different types of societies is the type and level of technology.
a. True
b. False
124. The wage gap between men and women today has its origins in the family-wage system of early industrialism.
a. True
b. False
125. Japan is an example of an industrial society.
a. True
b. False
126. The transition to post-industrialism results in joblessness for a large number of people.
True
a. True
b. False
127. Typically, an individual occupies many statuses simultaneously.
a. True
b. False
128. Sociological research indicates that status inconsistency can lead to stress and depression.
a. True
b. False
129. In order for a group to exist there must be face to face interaction.
a. True
b. False
130. Individuals always select their own master status and may change it at any time.
a. True
b. False
131. Only a small percentage of our communication with each other is nonverbal.
a. True
b. False
132. Research indicates that most forms of nonverbal communication have universal meaning.
a. True
b. False
133. Women of the same race and culture tend to stand closer to each other in conversation than do men of the same
race and culture.
a. True
b. False
134. Men and women use tactile communication for different purposes in day to day interaction.
a. True
b. False
135. Sociological research suggests that there is truth to the old adage that “opposites attract.”
a. True
b. False
136. According to some sociological views, it is possible to love someone, but not really like that person.
a. True
b. False
137. As the world becomes more crowded and structured, humans have less of a need for affiliation with other
people.
a. True
b. False
138. In contemporary society, perceived physical attractiveness has become much less important in social interactions.
a. True
b. False
139. The dramaturgy model of social interaction holds that our interactions are determined by the rewards or
punishments that we receive from others.
a. True
b. False
140. Symbolic interactionists argue that people perceive what they want to believe, even if their perceptions are
counter to objective reality.
a. True
b. False
141. Goffmans impression management applies to cyberspace interaction.
a. True
b. False
142. All social interaction according to game theory leads to a zero-sum game.
a. True
b. False
143. Men and women exhibit the same types of internet usage when it comes to cyberspace interaction.
a. True
b. False
144. According to functionalists, describe the five functions of social institutions.
145. Explain the difference between macro- and microanalysis. What does each study?
146. Explain the importance of division of labor, according to Durkheim.
147. Compare gemeinschaft and gesellschaft types of societies. Explain the role of solidarity in each.
148. Explain the differences between preindustrial and industrial societies in terms of economic and social
organization.
149. Describe the characteristics of postindustrial societies.
150. From a sociological perspective, what are the characteristics of social groups?
151. Compare and contrast achieved and ascribed statuses. Provide an example of each.
152. Define roles, role conflict, and role strain; give an example of each.
153. Describe three examples of how nonverbal communication varies by culture or gender.
154. Explain the principle of the social construction of reality; give an example.
155. Explain how the line between achieved and ascribed statuses may not be clear. Give examples of statuses that
are simultaneously achieved and ascribed, and explain why this is so.
156. Define nonverbal communication and explain how gender plays a role in nonverbal communication.
157. Explain the concept of the social construction of reality and the idea of subjective reality.
158. Describe the main ideas of game theory.
159. Discuss Goffmans dramaturgy and explain the role of impression management in the interactive process.
160. Discuss how interaction in cyberspace differs from face-to-face interaction. What are some of the advantages
and disadvantages of cyberspace for social interaction?