61. A status that is earned is called an:
a. acquired status.
b. achieved status.
c. assumed status.
d. ascribed status.
62. A medical doctor and a judge are examples of _____.
a. ascribed statuses
b. achieved statuses
c. assumed statuses
d. acquired statuses
63. A status that is occupied from the moment of birth (e.g., your sex or race) is called an _____.
a. acquired status
b. assumed status
c. ascribed status
d. achieved status
64. Your age and race are examples of:
a. ascribed statuses.
b. achieved statuses.
c. assumed statuses.
d. acquired statuses.
65. Gender may be considered an achieved status as well as an ascribed status for all of the following reasons,
except:
a. gender is socially constructed.
b. people enact their gender through behaviors and appearance.
c. some people transition in some way from the sex into which they were born.
d. gender and sex are unique concepts.
66. ______ are statuses that demonstrate that it is difficult to draw a firm line between ascribed and achieved
statuses.
a. Occupation and education
b. Social class and gender
c. Age and occupation
d. Being a parent and being a student
67. An ascribed status is one that is _________.
a. beyond the individuals control
b. the responsibility of the individual
c. an earned status
d. a low rank
68. Which of the following is likely not an example of one’smaster status?
a. Age
b. Race
c. Gender
d. Heterosexual
69. When a person defines her identity as a mechanic, she is creating her _________.
a. master or achieved status
b. ascribed status
c. role set
d. none of the above
70. A student who admires her basketball coach and plans to become a coach herself is an example of _____.
a. role reversal
b. role modeling
c. role imitation
d. taking the role of the other
71. When the roles in ones role set clash with one another, the result is role _____.
a. inconsistency
b. conflict
c. strain
d. breakdown
72. Anne is a college student, a full-time employee, and a mother of two young children. Anne is likely experiencing:
a. role conflict.
b. role strain.
c. status inconsistency.
d. status sets.
73. Sociologist Arlie Hochschilds concept of “the second shift” is discussed in the text as an example of _____.
a. a role set
b. role conflict
c. role strain
d. taking the role of the other
74. A condition wherein a single role brings conflicting expectations is called role _____.
a. strain
b. breakdown
c. conflict
d. confusion
75. Students are expected to spend a lot of time on their studies, but students are also increasingly expected to perform
some sort of volunteer work and socialize in their residence halls. The result is:
a. role strain.
b. anomie.
c. role conflict.
d. role breakdown.
76. Which of the following is false in regards to social interaction?
a. Everyday behaviors are shaped by society.
b. Most behaviors are inherently positive or negative, regardless of the situation is.
c. The cultural context is important in determining the meaning of a behavior.
d. An action that is positive in one culture may be negative in another.
77. According to the text, in the study of social interaction, sociologists find that:
a. social status influences the meaning of nonverbal behaviors.
b. nonverbal communication, such as silence, has universal interpretations.
c. the vast majority of human communication is verbal.
d. although men and women have different speech patterns, they use nonverbal communication in the same
ways.
78. Nonverbal communication:
a. varies very little from one society to another.
b. is of little interest to sociologists because it is so difficult to observe.
c. varies according to ones race, class, and gender.
d. is usually one-way.
79. According to the text, patterns of touch are strongly influenced by gender. Which of the following statements
regarding gender and touch is false?
a. Women are more likely to use touch for emotional support than men are.
b. Boys tend to be touched by their parents more roughly than girls are.
c. In an interaction, which people touch others is a reflection of the relative social status of the participants.
d. In everyday interaction men and women tend to use touch about equally.
80. Parents vary their pattern of touch or tactile communication most often based on _______.
a. age
b. gender
c. race
d. communication style
81. When Jack raises his eyebrows at a comment made by Carol he is engaging in _______ .
a. role stain
b. verbal communication
c. nonverbal communication
d. small talk
82. Proxemic communication refers to:
a. how individuals use nonverbal cues.
b. the amount of space between interacting individuals.
c. an individuals personal bubble.
d. the gender difference in nonverbal communication.
83. When it comes to proxemic communication:
a. people are generally aware of how they use personal space.
b. women always stand close, regardless of the degree of friendship with the person they are talking to.
c. people who are sexually attracted to each other stand exceptionally close.
d. men stand closer to women than to men.
84. Anthropologist E.T. Hall coined the term proxemic bubble to refer to our personal three-dimensional space.
Also, according to Hall,:
a. we feel threatened when people we do not know enter our proxemic bubble.
b. the proxemic bubble is not affected by culture or ethnicity.
c. enemies stand close in order to try and intimidate each other.
d. we burst our proxemics bubble when we like the other.
85. The size of proxemic bubbles differs between ethnic groups. Research indicates that the ethnic group with the
largest interaction distance between individuals involved in a conversation is _____.
a. Hispanic people
b. White middle-class Americans
c. White middle-class British males
d. African Americans
86. According to the text, research on interpersonal attraction and the formation of pairs indicates that:
a. affiliation and interpersonal attraction are really the same thing.
b. attraction can be scientifically predicted.
c. love is a matter of the heart and cannot be predicted.
d. there is no pattern to whom we find attractive.
87. Julie has a positive response when she sees Carl. Julie is experiencing _____.
a. affiliation
b. proxemic communication
c. interpersonal attraction
d. imprinting
88. Which of the following is true about human relationships?
a. Most people do not seek affiliation.
b. Many people lack human contact.
c. They have a strong need for affiliation.
d. Most people are not conscious of their need for relationships.
89. In regards to interpersonal attraction, sociologists find that:
a. attraction to others is not sociological.
b. absence makes the heart grow fonder; we tend to find those who live further away from us more
attractive.
c. close proximity is one of the determinants of attraction between people.
d. people tend to fear too much personal disclosure when communicating online.
90. Research has established that:
a. there is no such thing as overexposure to someone you are attracted to.
b. if you find someone attractive, the more often you see them the more attractive they become, up to a
point.
c. if you start out disliking someone, the more you see that person the more you will come to like them.
d. if you dislike a person, continued exposure to them will intensify those feelings.
91. Research on the importance of attractiveness in human interactions indicates that:
a. standards of attractiveness vary between cultures and between subcultures in the same society.
b. its significance is overrated in terms of who we form relationships with.
c. attractiveness affects who we are attracted to, but not how we judge people.
d. people considered unattractive are generally thought of in very positive terms.
92. In regards to interpersonal attraction, sociological research tells us that:
a. we must like someone in order to love and feel passion toward them.
b. it is possible to like someone a great deal and not love them.
c. the less we see of someone the more desirable we find them.
d. most of the time our evaluations of others are not influenced by their attractiveness to us.
93. Standards of beauty are culturally variable. In the U.S.,:
a. White women are more concerned about weight than African American women.
b. the Hispanics and Whites have the same standard for thinness in women
c. African Americans women are more self-critical of their bodies than are White women
d. Hispanic women are more interested in outward appearances of beauty than White women.
94. According to the text, which of the following is true?
a. The more similar a couple is in terms of race and class, the more likely they are to break up.
b. The more similar a couple is in terms of race and class, the less likely they are to break up.
c. The more similar a couple is in terms of parental relationships, the more likely they are to break up.
d. The more similar a couple is in terms of parental relationships, the less likely they are to break up.
95. Research on interpersonal attractiveness is very clear that:
a. opposites attract.
b. there is not pattern to interpersonal attraction.
c. attraction to people who are very similar to us is most common.
d. politics do not matter when it comes to love.
96. The social construction of reality is a principle that is central to _____.
a. functionalist theory
b. conflict theory
c. symbolic interaction theory
d. equilibrium theory
97. According to the concept of the social construction of reality,:
a. there is no reality beyond that which is produced by social interaction.
b. the truth of a situation may be difficult for us to recognize at first.
c. people supporting different teams will agree on the fairness of the referees, because whether something is a
foul or not is a matter of fact.
d. many things have their own intrinsic or inherent meaning.
98. Symbolic interactionists argue that our perceptions of reality are determined by our definition of the situation. This
means that to a large extent,:
a. we wait until we have enough factual information before we form opinions.
b. we basically see what we want to see.
c. we can never have any opinions or perceptions of reality.
d. our opinions and perceptions are determined by what others want us to believe.
99. Professor Watkins comes into her classroom before class begins and moves all the desks so that they are facing
the back of the classroom. She then observes to see how the students react. Professor Watkins is using:
a. symbolic interactionism
b. functionalism
c. conflict theory
d. ethnomethodology
100. According to Ervin Goffman, when Jim willfully tries to manipulate others, he is engaging in _________ .
a. role conflict
b. exploitation
c. impression management
d. role strain
101. The study of human interaction by deliberately disrupting social norms and observing how individuals attempt to
restore normalcy is called:
a. equilibrium theory.
b. ethnomethodology.
c. conflict resolution.
d. exchange theory.
102. Ethnomethodology is based on the premise that:
a. most people do not act according to social norms.
b. we are not wholly aware of the norms that we use even though they are shared.
c. we never know what to expect from other people.
d. conflict over the norms for a situation is part of what holds society together.
103. ErvingGoffman’sanalysisofinteractionviewstheparticipantsasactorsonastage.Thisperspectiveiscalledthe
_____ model of social interaction.
a. dramaturgy
b. social exchange
c. equilibrium
d. impressionist