Hutchison, Dimensions of Human Behavior, 6e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
Chapter 3: Infancy and Toddlerhood
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. Young children in their first year of development are generally referred to as ______.
A. babies
B. infants
C. toddlers
D. newborns
2. Young children in their second year of development are generally referred to as
______.
A. babies
B. infants
C. toddlers
D. newborns
3. When infants suck an object that is presented to them, they demonstrate ______.
A. reflexes
B. synapses
C. motor skills
D. pruning
4. The ability of an infant to move and manipulate her or his action is called ______.
Hutchison, Dimensions of Human Behavior, 6e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
A. reflexes
B. synapses
C. motor skills
D. pruning
5. The ______ reflex is when an infant turns their head and opens their mouth after
someone strokes their cheeks.
A. rooting
B. sucking
C. startle
D. grasping
6. Blinking, ______, and ______ are all examples of infant reflexes.
A. swimming; walking
B. Babinski; crying
C. spitting; yawning
D. grasping; scratching
7. According to Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, infant development in the
______ stage occurs in six substages.
A. concrete operations
B. formal operations
C. preoperational
D. sensorimotor
8. According to Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, children in the ______ stage
can run the pictures in a movie (metaphor) backward and forward.
A. concrete operations
B. formal operations
C. preoperational
D. sensorimotor
9. Sitting without support, ______, and ______ are all examples of motor skills
milestones.
A. walking with assistance; jumping
B. wiggling; walking alone
C. hands-and-knees crawling; standing alone
D. falling; standing with assistance
10. ______ is an example of a milestone in language development.
A. Giving commands
B. Babbling
C. Pointing
D. Screaming
11. During the preoperational stage, children develop ______.
A. memory
B. spatial awareness
C. symbolic functioning
D. motor skills
Hutchison, Dimensions of Human Behavior, 6e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
12. When working with infants, social workers should be prepared for any ______ the
infant may exhibit upon meeting someone new.
A. separation anxiety
B. anger
C. attachment
D. stranger anxiety
13. Jamie clings to his mother and doesn’t play with the other infants. Jamie is
exhibiting ______ attachment.
A. avoidant
B. insecure anxious
C. insecure disorganized/disoriented
D. secure
14. According to Ainsworth’s theory of attachment, when children seems indifferent to
the presence of their mother they exhibit which type of attachment?
A. avoidant attachment
B. anxious attachment
C. insecure disorganized/disoriented attachment
D. secure attachment
15. A toddler who plays with clay and molds it into a ball is most likely a(n) ______
toddler.
A. young
B. less developed
C. more developed
D. older
16. The World Health Organization’s Multicentre Growth Reference Study ______.
A. evaluated abuse and neglect cases in developing countries
B. constructed standards for evaluating children from birth through 5 years of age
C. examined infant mortality in seven industrialized nations
D. constructed standards for evaluating children and adolescents birth through age 18
17. Courage and Howe (2010) examined the effects of screen time on infant and toddler
development. Which of the following statements about their findings is true?
A. Excessive screen time can impact an infant’s learning ability.
B. Infants learn more readily from videos than from people.
C. Background television can facilitate play in toddlers.
D. Television can provide a route to early language development.
18. Nutritional status, climate, and shape of living space are all examples of which
developmental niche?
A. customs of childcare
B. physical and social settings of daily life
C. customs of child-rearing
D. psychology of the caregivers
19. A toddler’s ability to control their emotional state has important implications for
______.
A. early childhood school performance and social relationships
B. reducing substance use in young adulthood
C. being able to develop motor capacity
D. reducing attention deficit disorder in early childhood
20. Temperament is an individual’s ______.
A. level of social awareness
B. mood for the day
C. innate disposition
D. transient state of mind
21. Social workers may be more concerned about infants who are ______ having
developmental disabilities.
A. lacking in playtime
B. premature
C. part of a multigenerational family
D. from a broken home
22. To ease separation from a caregiver, toddlers often make use of a ______.
A. transitional object
B. translational service
C. therapist
D. transfer buddy
Hutchison, Dimensions of Human Behavior, 6e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
23. How much paid child leave does the United States offer?
A. 12 weeks
B. 6 months
C. 6 weeks
D. 0
24. Children living in poverty often suffer from ______.
A. developmental disorders
B. anxiety
C. inadequate health care
D. insufficient caregiving
25. Infants and toddlers with difficult temperaments or those diagnosed with mental,
physical, or behavioral abnormalities are at higher risk for ______.
A. delayed cognitive development
B. psychological problems
C. attachment issues
D. abuse/neglect
True/False
1. Self-regulation includes regulating temperature, control, sleeping, eating, and
eliminating.
2. When children enter a developmental niche, culture guides every aspect of the
developmental process.
3. Infants who have “difficult” temperaments are more likely to be abused or neglected.
4. An infant’s ability to move and manipulate occurs in an orderly, logical sequence.
5. Babies generally aren’t interested in each other and show little desire to form
relationships with each other.
6. Developmental delays are always temporary.
Hutchison, Dimensions of Human Behavior, 6e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
Essay
1. Briefly discuss the concept of self-regulation in infants after birth.
2. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of breastfeeding and bottle feeding.
3. Discuss the challenges that multigenerational families may face when raising a
toddler. Include an example.
4. Describe the characteristics of Piaget’s preoperational stage of cognitive
development in toddlers.
5. Discuss the role of play in infancy and toddlerhood. Include in your discussion the
significance of play in motor, cognitive, emotional, and social development.
Hutchison, Dimensions of Human Behavior, 6e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
6. Discuss both risk and protective factors on the development of infants and toddlers.
Include in your discussion the risk factors of poverty, inadequate care giving, and child
abuse. Include in your discussion the protective factors of education, social support, and
temperament.
7. Discuss Piaget’s two stages of psychosocial development that are relevant to infants
and toddlers. How can understanding these stages help social workers in their practice
with infants and toddlers?
8. Discuss what the healthy development of infants and toddlers looks like. Include in
your discussion both the physical and cognitive developmental aspects. Why is it
important as social workers to help parents understand the process of healthy
development?