100. According to the new cultural studies perspective, culture
a. is ephemeral and constantly changing.
b. prevents deviance from occurring.
c. provides stability in society.
d. does not include popular or widely understood artifacts.
101. New scholars within cultural studies are emphasizing
a. nonmaterial over material culture.
b. material over nonmaterial culture.
c. cultural capital over civic engagement.
d. civic engagement over cultural capital.
102. The idea of cultural capital was developed by:
a. Durkheim.
b. Weber.
c. Marx.
d. Bourdieu.
103. When one aspect of culture changes more slowly than other aspects, sociologists call this cultural
a. leveling.
b. obstructions.
c. lag.
d. construction.
104. Culture shock refers to the
a. experience of realizing that you are aging and culture is changing.
b. introduction of new technologies to older members of society.
c. feeling of disorientation one feels when placed in a new or rapidly changing cultural environment.
d. sticker shock of constantly increasing prices.
105. Which of the following statements about culture shock is false?
a. Culture shock may result from being in a different culture.
b. Culture shock can only be experienced in a foreign country.
c. Rapidly changing cultural conditions may produce culture shock.
d. Some of the people displaced by Hurricane Katrina have experienced culture shock.
106. The transmission of cultural elements from one society to another is called cultural _____.
a. hegemony
b. diffusion
c. lag
d. shock
107. The invention of subways and trains illustrates which cause of cultural change?
a. Change in the societal condition
b. Cultural diffusion
c. Innovation
d. The imposition of cultural change by an outside agency
108. Which of the following statements about cultural change is false?
a. Cultures change in response to changed conditions in the society.
b. Cultures change through cultural diffusion.
c. Cultures change as the result of innovation.
d. Cultural change cannot be consciously created.
109. Manipulatingcultureorimposingone’scultureonanothergroupis
a. not possible given the characteristics of culture.
b. a form of dominance and social control.
c. possible but has never been attempted.
d. common within Eastern cultures more than Western cultures.
110. Movements like the “Black is Pride” movement of the 1970s demonstrate that
a. culture is static.
b. culture may be used as a means of political resistance.
c. the control exercised by the dominant culture is complete.
d. nonmaterial culture is more important than material culture.
111. Culture includes ways of thinking as well as patterns of behavior.
a. True
b. False
112. Nonmaterial culture and material culture are both important to understanding society.
a. True
b. False
113. People frequently question the practices of their own culture.
a. True
b. False
114. The symbolic aspects of culture are less real and important than the actual reality of life.
a. True
b. False
115. Those who do not share the language of a group can still participate fully in its culture.
a. True
b. False
116. Language is constantly evolving in response to social change.
a. True
b. False
117. Sapir and Whorf believed that language determines social thought and therefore affects other aspects of culture.
a. True
b. False
118. According to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, social reality is defined through language.
a. True
b. False
119. Language reflects the value placed on different groups in society.
a. True
b. False
120. Violations of mores carry heavier sanctions than violations of folkways.
a. True
b. False
121. Norms govern every situation.
a. True
b. False
122. Sanctions are always based on punishment.
a. True
b. False
123. Sanctionsarealwaysnecessaryinordertocontrolpeople’sbehavior.
a. True
b. False
124. Valuesguideindividuals’behaviorbuthavenoroleinshapingsociety.
a. True
b. False
125. It is rare for a society to be culturally uniform.
a. True
b. False
126. The more complex the society, the more likely its culture will be internally diverse.
a. True
b. False
127. The dominant culture is often the standard against which other cultures are judged.
a. True
b. False
128. The Amish and Puerto Ricans are both examples of subcultures.
a. True
b. False
129. White supremacists are an example of a counterculture.
a. True
b. False
130. Americans and western Europeans are the only groups that express ethnocentrism.
a. True
b. False
131. Global culture refers to the many and diverse folk cultures that are common throughout the world.
a. True
b. False
132. Popular culture such as television and the Internet have a great deal of power to shape public perceptions.
a. True
b. False
133. Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn are examples of social media.
a. True
b. False
134. The digital divide reflects equality.
a. True
b. False
135. Conflict theorists argue that the media are most likely to produce programs and products that support the values
and interests of the most powerful groups in society.
a. True
b. False
136. Culture shock can affect a person within their own society.
a. True
b. False
137. Define what is meant by material and nonmaterial culture; give two examples of each.
138. Identify the five characteristics of culture.
139. Compare and contrast folkways and mores. Provide an example of each.
140. Explain why sanctions are usually not necessary in order to enforce cultural norms.
141. Define cultural relativism and ethnocentrism. Explain how they differ.
142. Define ethnocentrism and cultural relativism.
143. Explain the difference between subcultures and countercultures; give one example of each.
144. Define cultural hegemony. Provide examples.
145. Define cultural capital; give two examples.
146. Discuss the impact of the mass media on racial perception in the U.S.
147. How does culture change? Describe three ways.
148. Explain the five characteristics of culture presented in the text.
149. List and discuss the four elements of culture presented in the text. Provide examples of each.
150. Explain how language reinforces patterns of inequality in society. Provide an example.
151. Discuss the role of cultural values in creating social stability and as the source of social conflict; give examples.
152. Explain Robert Putnam’s view of culture in his book Bowling Alone.
153. Define and give examples of global culture.
154. Define and give examples of culture lag.
155. Discuss and give examples of cultural hegemony.
156. Identify and explain the four sources of cultural change discussed in your text. Provide an example of each.