Hutchison, Dimensions of Human Behavior, 6e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
Chapter 2: Conception, Pregnancy, and Childbirth
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. According to the text, the social meaning of childbearing in the United States has
changed dramatically over the past several decades. Which of the following statements
is evidence of this change?
A. The birth rate has increased.
B. Teen pregnancy is more prevalent.
C. There are greater variations in family values.
D. Adoptions have increased.
2. A ______ contains the codes for producing particular traits and dispositions.
A. chromosome
B. gene
C. sex-linked trait
D. genotype
3. Traits governed by ______ will only be expressed if the responsible gene is present
on each chromosome of the relevant pair.
A. interactive genes
B. sex-linked genes
C. dominant genes
D. recessive genes
4. Which of the following genes give competing and controlling messages at the same
time?
A. interactive
B. sex-linked
C. dominant
D. recessive
5. U.S. federal law allows women to legally choose an abortion until the point at which
the baby could survive outside the womb. This point is referred to as ______.
A. fertilization age
B. gestational age
C. fetal viability
D. zygote
6. An average pregnancy lasts how many days when calculated from gestational age?
A. 277 days
B. 280 days
C. 260 days
D. 266 days
7. An average pregnancy lasts how many days when calculated from fertilization age?
A. 277 days
B. 280 days
C. 260 days
D. 266 days
8. Which of the following terms represents the fertilized egg?
A. embryo
B. gestation
C. zygote
D. teratogen
9. A woman who has been pregnant in the past, also known as a ______, recognizes
the signs of excessive fatigue and soreness in her breasts as a sign of pregnancy.
A. multigravida
B. primipara
C. pregnancy survivor
D. multipara
10. Studies show that women who use doulas experience shorter labors, decreased
postpartum depression, and ______.
A. less pain
B. better breastfeeding rates
C. less support from their spouse
D. better attachment to their newborns
11. During the _______, the fetus is considered to be viable.
A. labor period
B. third trimester
C. second trimester
D. fetal period
12. During the ______, fetuses experience the most rapid period of brain development.
A. labor period
B. third trimester
C. second trimester
D. fetal period
13. During the ______, women cautioned to monitor the eating of fish to avoid negative
impact on the infant’s cognitive skills.
A. labor period
B. third trimester
C. second trimester
D. fetal period
14. The descent of the fetus into the mother’s pelvis is considered to happen in which
stage of pregnancy?
A. labor period
B. third trimester
C. second trimester
D. fetal period
15. Compared to 34 developed countries, the United States ranks ______ in infant
mortality.
A. 1st
B. 10th
C. 25th
D. 31st
16. Obesity, sexually transmitted diseases, and ______ are all cited risk factors for
prematurity and low birth weight.
A. smoking
B. having another child
C. working while pregnant
D. lack of prenatal care
17. What are the protective factors cited during pregnancy?
A. being unemployed, family support, and prenatal care
B. obesity, taking vitamins, and family support
C. social and economic support, prenatal care, and accident prevention
D. weight maintenance, unemployment, and family support
18. Which of the following bioethical question is of concern to social workers?
A. What are the licensing requirements for a lab technician in the genetics field?
B. How will health insurance companies pay for the cost of genetic counseling and what
will be the cost to society?
C. How will training on the technological advancements in the genetic field be carried
out and by whom?
D. Who should have access to genetic information and will persons who are poor be
economically disadvantaged in the use of genetic information?
19. Fertility problems are typically attributed to females in ______ of cases and to males
in ____ cases.
A. 20%; 60%
B. 33%; 33%
C. 50%; 50%
D. 60%; 20%
20. The majority (89%) of abortions performed in the United States occur during
______.
A. the first 12 weeks of pregnancy
B. weeks 20–24
C. weeks 12–16
D. weeks 32–40
21. Emotional stress, obesity, and ______ are all possible causes for male infertility.
A. cervical causes
B. poor nutrition
C. excessive physical activity
D. occupation
22. Miscarriage is the naturally occurring loss of a fetus prior to ______ weeks of
gestation.
A. 20
B. 25
C. 22
D. 30
23. Infants weighing less than 3 pounds 3 ounces are termed as ______.
A. low birth weight
B. extremely low birth weight
C. very low birth weight
D. unviable
24. ______ and ______ women have twice the infertility rate but use infertility services
significantly less.
A. Adolescent and middle-aged
B. White and middle-class
C. Black and Hispanic
D. Poor and urban
True/False
1. Approximately 45% of pregnancies in the United States are unintended.
2. Organized religion can influence women’s conception experience.
3. When working with clients, social workers should always consider the possibility of
pregnancy.
4. Each parent’s cells have 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs.
5. There are three categories of congenital anomalies.
6. In the United States, the social meaning of childbearing has changed rather
Essay
1. Briefly discuss the risk factors for babies of incarcerated pregnant women.
2. Briefly discuss the risk factors for pregnant women with disabilities.
Hutchison, Dimensions of Human Behavior, 6e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
3. Discuss two of the special parent populations and the risks involved in these
situations. How do these risks influence poor pregnancy and childbirth outcomes?
Include in the discussion your perspective of why it is important for social workers to
address concerns of these special parent populations.
4. Are there other “special populations” of pregnant women that come to the attention of
social workers, not listed in this chapter? Pick another “special” population and describe
the developmental opportunities and challenges that pregnancy poses for this group.
5. What are current demographic trends around pregnancy and parenthood, cited in the
chapter? What do you think will be the projected demographic changes over the next
10–20 years? Why? (Citations of demographic trends throughout, projected changes).
6. What do you perceive to be the most important role of a social worker who is working
in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)? What ways can the social worker’s role be
enhanced in the NICU to better assist families?
7. What societal factors influence pregnancy and childbearing in the United States?
Give specific examples.
8. Thirty-one years ago, 44-year-old Hazel Gareke conceived and delivered her fifth
child. Discuss the contraception options she would have today that were not available
then? What personal, familial, and cultural factors might influence their use or nonuse?
9. Discuss the ideas behind infertility treatment. Why is infertility a life crisis? What are
some of the consequences and causes of infertility? What are some cures for infertility?
10. Discuss how changing family structures and gender roles influence conception,
pregnancy, and childbirth. How can family or family-like supportive structures increase
favorable outcomes in conception, pregnancy, and childbirth?
Hutchison, Dimensions of Human Behavior, 6e
SAGE Publishing, 2019