1. According to sociologists, the state has a central role in _____.
a. determining cultural values
b. determining the rights and privileges of various groups
c. determining the outcome of elections
d. organizing communities
2. A global economy means that
a. poor workers can more easily travel abroad to find high-paying jobs.
b. an international wage gap exists.
c. workers are xenophobic.
d. economic events in one nation are felt around the world.
3. Which of the following is a consequence of deindustrialization?
a. Economic restructuring
b. Xenophobia
c. Job displacement
d. A global assembly line
4. In the U.S., immigrants make up more than _____ of the labor force in industries such as agriculture, building
and construction.
a. one-fifth
b. one-quarter
c. one-third
d. one-half
5.
The Carp Corporation has decided to quit making its own components and instead buy them from another company
in Thailand. This is an example of _____.
a. postindustrial society
b. xenophobia
c. outsourcing
d. none of the above
6. Johnny wants to work in the field of manufacturing. He will work in a sector that employs _____of U.S. workers.
a. 10 percent
b. 20 percent
c. 30 percent
d. 50 percent
7. Which of the following is not a recent technological change in the workplace?
a. The invention of the semiconductor
b. The use of computers
c. The introduction of the steam engine
d. Automation
8. Critics of guest worker programs argue that
a. they limit immigration.
b. they depend on economic restructuring.
c. they encourage illegal immigration.
d. they threaten jobs for U.S. workers.
9. The _____ labor market includes jobs characterized by low wages, few benefits, and poor working conditions.
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
d. dual
10. If John does not have a jo b and is actively searching for a job, he is _____.
a. part of the official unemployment rate
b. not part of the official unemployment rate
c. a discouraged worker
d. all of the above
11. If Genie is trying to work and her boss keeps asking her for sex in exchange for a promotion, she is experiencing
_____.
a. a hostile environment
b. a personal problem
c. quid pro quo sexual harassment
d. work related harassment
12. The U.S. government increasing security screenings at airports is an example of which of the state’s roles?
a. Regulation of religion
b. Determining the rights of groups
c. Managing dissent
d. Influencing public opinion
13. The unemployment rate is defined as
a. the number of people not working for pay.
b. the percent of workers who are not making as much as they want to.
c. the number of jobless people.
d. the percent of those not working but looking for work.
14. When massive protests over police shootings of young African American men broke out in the United States in
2014, news of the demonstrations quickly spread around the world via social media. What does this illustrate?
a. That there is a cyclical nature to the state.
b. That there exists a global interdependence of nations.
c. That some demonstrations are more devastating than other demonstrations.
d. That the social media is defined as a state.
15. _____ is the strong identity associated with an extreme sense of allegiance to one’s culture.
a. Globalization
b. Nationalization
c. Power
d. Interdependence
16. Power is defined by sociologists as
a. the perception by others of legitimate and formal authority.
b. authority that stems from rules and regulations.
c. the ability to control others.
d. a hierarchy of authority.
17. The pluralist model of power interprets social order as:
a. the result of the equilibrium created by multiple groups balancing their interests.
b. coming from the interlocking directorate created by the linkages among those few people who control
institutions.
c. the result of administrative systems that work to maintain the status quo.
d. resulting from the patriarchal control that men have over social institutions.
18. Mills‘ concept of power elite includes all of the following areas, except:
a. the economy.
b. the military.
c. the government.
d. the courts.
19. The current U.S. government is an example of
a. the pluralist model.
b. the power elite.
c. an autonomous state.
d. a populist mechanism.
20. According to autonomous state theory, the state is
a. an administrative organization.
b. a dominant group.
c. an elaborate system of power elites.
d. a military-style apparatus.
21. According to feminist theory, social conflict is interpreted as:
a. the competition between diverse groups that mobilize to promote their interests.
b. stemming from the domination of elites over less powerful groups.
c. developing between states, as each vies to uphold its own interests.
d. resulting from the power men have over women.
22. John wants to study the role of interlocking directorates in the political system. Which sociological perspective
would he use?
a. Conflict
b. Functionalism
c. Feminism
d. Symbolic Interactionist
23. Which of the following groups has the largest number of congressional members in 2010?
a. Asians
b. African Americans
c. Hispanics
d. Native Americans
24. In 2012, there were _____women in the U.S. House of Representatives and _____women in the U.S. Senate.
a. 33; 2
b. 83; 20
c. 19; 7
d. 99; 41
25. Sociological research on the Tea Party members finds that _____.
a. they tend to be more egalitarian than other people
b. they tend to be less likely to vote than the rest of the population
c. they tend to be critical of the very top economic leaders in the nation
d. they tend to more authoritarian than the general public
26. If a sociology student wants to study the military, s/he will first find that _____.
a. the military is divided by ranks that do not have clear definitions
b. there are few divisions of rank in the military
c. the military has well-defined ranks with rights and responsibilities
d. the military allows a lot of personal freedom
27. In 1948, President Truman
a. signed “don’t ask, don’t tell” into law.
b. promoted Blacks joining the military.
c. banned discrimination in the armed services.
d. fought for equal pay among minority soldiers.
28. College graduates are increasingly working in sectors based on information, research and development. This is
an example of ___________ .
a. industrialization
b. a postindustrial society
c. a secondary economy
d. none of the above
29. Which of the following is not a characteristic of capitalism?
a.
State ownership of basic industries
b. Market competition
c. Pursuit of profit
d. Private property
30. The term deindustrialization refers to that fact that
a. goods are no longer being produced in the U.S.
b. fewer workers in the U.S. are required to produce goods.
c. production using computer technologies will replace service industries.
d. the work force is becoming more diverse.
31. Which of these is a change resulting from the economic restructuring of the workplace?
a. The percentage of workers who are White women and people of color has declined.
b. The number of people over the age of fifty-five is increasing.
c. The employment opportunities in the service industry are declining.
d. The manufacturing economy is growing.
32. Which of these is the best example of a contingent worker?
a. A person working in the manufacturing sector in a developing country
b. A person in the U.S. making their living as a substitute teacher
c. A full-time bank employee
d. A university professor
33. Which of the following type of labor is the most rewarded and most often used by college graduates?
a. Emotional labor
b. Mental labor
c. Manual labor
d. Household labor
34. In the U.S., the jobs people have within the division of labor generally correspond to
a. the skill they might bring to any particular type of occupation.
b. their social status in society.
c. the aptitude that they have based on occupational aptitude testing.
d. their motivation.
35. A comparison of unemployment rates among various groups indicates that
a. Whites are hardest hit by economic restructuring.
b. unemployment among African Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Mexican Americans is currently at a level
associated with a major economic depression.
c. globalization and the move to a service economy has really benefited minority workers in terms of
opportunity and wages.
d. African American men are more likely to be underemployed than unemployed.
36. Which of the following is not a role of the state?
a. To pass legislation determining the rights and privileges of members of society
b. To resolve conflicts within society
c. To protect the sovereignty of the nation
d. To censor public opinion
37. The Americans with Disabilities Act, adopted by Congress in 1990, does all of the following, except
a. require employers to provide “reasonable accommodation“ on the job.
b. prohibit discrimination against disabled people in employment.
c. apply to state and local governments.
d. require equal pay among all workers.
38. According to the text, nationalism is
a. most often a positive force in the world.
b. generally accompanied by cultural relativism.
c. often a dominant force in world affairs.
d. prominent in industrial nations.
39. Which of the following best represents feminist theories of the state?
a. The state should be predominantly matriarchal.
b. Power is directly linked to social class.
c. Women should boycott involvement in the state.
d. The state reflects men’s interests, and is run primarily by men.
40. The 2008 U.S. Presidential election was unusual in terms of voter turnout. In which of the following ways did the
2008 voter turnout not differ from other elections?
a. The 2008 had the highest turnout of youth voters there has ever been.
b. The younger voters in the 2008 were far more racially diverse than older voters have been in any previous
election.
c. The percentage of African American voters nearly matched that of White voters in 2008.
d. The less educated had higher voter turnout rates than previous elections.
41. According to the text, why are women and racial-ethnic minority group members underrepresented in national
government?
a. There is no evidence that voters would vote for a woman or member of a minority group.
b. They are disadvantaged by the power of incumbents who are generally White men.
c. There is a lack of interest among women and members of racial-ethnic minority groups in running for
national offices.
d. The patriarchal nature of government is pervasive.
42. Which of these statements about the U.S. military as a social institution is false?
a. The U.S. military is the single largest employer in the country.
b. The function of the military is to protect the country from both external and internal threats.
c. The U.S. military is one of the most hierarchically structured social institutions.
d. The division of labor within the military is unclear.
43. Critics of the privatization of the military argue that
a. it may lure the best talent away from the traditional military if they make more money through private
military employment.
b. privatization is much less efficient than retaining all functions within the government funded military.
c. privatization means that new recruits will not have any positions open to them within the military.
d. it may reward conflict over consensus.
44. In the military, members of minority groups
a. receive less pay than their White counterparts of similar rank.
b. are generally excluded from higher-status positions likely to bring advancement and higher earnings.
c. are equally likely to have graduated from military academies as Whites.
d. are more likely to serve in the Army than Marines.
45. In _____ the Supreme Court ruled that federally funded military academies like the Citadel and West Point may
not refuse to admit women.
a. 1976
b. 1986
c. 1996
d. 2006
46. According to research done for the Pentagon, _____ of women in the military have experienced sexual
harassment, including sexual coercion.
a. one-fifth
b. one-quarter
c. one-third
d. one-half
47. While working and making a living are related to all of society’s institutions, they are particularly deeply embedded
in the social institution of _____.
a. government
b. the economy
c. religion
d. the family
48. Postindustrial societies are organized around _____.
a. production of goods
b. agricultural production
c. the provision of services
d. trade via the Internet
49. The system characterized by state ownership and management of the base industries is called _____.
a. capitalism
b. communism
c. socialism
d. postindustrialism
50. Within the global economy, the role of the more developed nations tends to be that of
a. assembly line work.
b. provision of natural resources.
c. research and management.
d. manufacturing goods.
51. Fear and hatred of foreigners is called _____.
a. arachnophobia
b. cultural relativism
c. xenophobia
d. anglophilia
52. Globally, most of the work involving the assembly of goods is done by _____.
a. men
b. Americans
c. workers in more developed nations
d. women and children
53. Campaigns to “buy American“ are an example of the trend toward _____.
a. cultural relativism
b. multinational corporations
c. postindustrialism
d. xenophobia
54. In general, what has been the impact of global economic restructuring?
a. The global economy has had a positive effect on the U.S. economy in particular, creating many new jobs
in the manufacturing sector.
b. In the global economy, assembly-line work is performed in nations with less power globally.
c. State regulation has made the transfer of jobs overseas unattractive to U.S. manufacturers.
d. Economic restructuring has had no real impact globally.
55. Recent changes in the way people work, including the composition of the workplace and the use of enhanced
technologies, are jointly referred to as _____.
a. privatization of the workplace
b. government regulation
c. economic restructuring
d. de-mechanization
56. Cashiers have come to rely on electronic cash registers to tell them how much change to return to a customer.
Sociologists refer to this as _____.
a. routinization
b. deskilling
c. deindustrialization
d. the service economy
57. When employment patterns shift in different areas and certain types of jobs are lost, this is termed _____.
a. global economic shift
b. deskilling
c. job displacement
d. urban renewal
58. Emotional labor is work that
a. is only done by women.
b. is common in a service-based economy.
c. involves healthcare in particular.
d. requires a degree in psychology.
59. In the U.S., the class-based division of labor is correlated most closely with _____.
a. age
b. sex
c. race
d. education
60. Sociologists define work as
a. participation in any activity that increases the gross domestic product.
b. human activity that is paid either by hourly wage or salary.
c. productive activity that creates something of value, goods or services.
d. human activity in the public sphere.