97. Which of these statements is true about the global division of labor?
a. Women are less affected than men by the globalization of manufacturing.
b. Women and children are often the cheapest laborers.
c. The only corporations that do not exploit women’s labor are U.S.-based multinationals.
d. Women are not as much a part of the workforce as men.
98. Throughout the world, where women are increasingly working as paid laborers
a. the division of household chores is usually equal between men and women.
b. they do not do as much unpaid labor as men.
c. they still do most of the work associated with home, children, and the elderly.
d. they still do not make a significant contribution to the global economy.
99. Which of these statements about the status of women worldwide is true?
a.
Although there have been few female heads of state, women’s representation in parliaments worldwide has reached almost 50
percent.
b. Recent trends toward the greater employment of women outside of the home has resulted in a decrease in
the rates of violence against women globally.
c. Across the board, women’s status is higher in Western than in non-Western countries.
d. The global division of labor is gendered, with women providing cheap labor for manufacturing.
100. According to the United Nations, violence against women worldwide
a. is an epidemic and one of the most pervasive violations of human rights.
b. is difficult to document accurately in terms of the incidence.
c. has been mainly perpetrated by an intimate partner or family member by between 20 and 50 percent of all
women.
d. All of these choices are true.
101.
The current generation has grown up taking many of the accomplishments of the women’s movement for
granted. Which of the following is not one of these accomplishments?
a. laws against sexual harassment
b. access to birth control
c. equal pay between men and women
d. more participation in politics
102. _____ has radically altered the opportunities available to women athletes and laid the foundation for many of the
coeducational programs that are now an ordinary part of college life.
a. Title IX
b. Affirmative action legislation
c. Comparable worth legislation
d. The Roe v. Wade Supreme Court decision
103. Cross cultural differences in gender roles demonstrate that gender is a social construction.
a. True
b. False
104. Gender expectations vary according to racial–ethnic group, social class, and across cultures.
a. True
b. False
105. A gender identity is how society defines individuals within it as men or women.
a. True
b. False
106. Virtually everyone in society is affected by gender socialization.
a. True
b. False
107. Parents tend to be more tolerant of girls who do not conform to gender roles than they are of boys.
a. True
b. False
108. People’s attitudes about gender expectations often do not match their behavior.
a. True
b. False
109. Children’s books are the one area within which gender roles that have become very equal or disappeared.
a. True
b. False
110. Research indicates that boys in school get more attention, even if it is sometimes negative attention.
a. True
b. False
111. The mass media is a leader in breaking down gender stereotypes.
a. True
b. False
112. Both Christian and Islamic women have organized to resist fundamentalist and sexist practices within their faiths.
a. True
b. False
113. Homophobia refers to a fear and hatred of homosexuals.
a. True
b. False
114. Men who endorse the most traditional male roles tend to be the most homophobic.
a. True
b. False
115. Most societies have some form of gender stratification.
a. True
b. False
116. Patriarchy and sexism are only relevant problems in developing countries.
a. True
b. False
117. Individuals need to be sexist in order for there to be sexism.
a. True
b. False
118. Human capital theory assumes that the economic system is fair and competitive, and that wage differences reflect
the resources that individuals bring to the job.
a. True
b. False
119. Both human capital theory and dual labor market theory focus on the characteristics of the individual in order to
explain the gender gap in wages.
a. True
b. False
120. Studies have found that lesbian women are more likely to be open about their sexual identity when they work
predominantly with women and have women as their bosses.
a. True
b. False
121. Men are concentrated in smaller number of occupations than women.
a. True
b. False
122. Few functionalists today would argue that fixed gender roles are functional for society.
a. True
b. False
123. Radical feminists think that change cannot come about through the existing system since it is controlled and
dominated by men.
a. True
b. False
124. Conflict theory views women’s exploitation independently from capitalism.
a. True
b. False
125. By most accounts, the gender revolution in the U.S. is over.
a. True
b. False
126. All feminists share an interest in promoting a more just society for women.
a. True
b. False
127. Gender inequality in the U.S. is connected to gender inequality in other parts of the world.
a. True
b. False
128. Cultural norms may be a factor that put women at risk of being victims of violence.
a. True
b. False
129. Younger generations desire more egalitarian gender roles than do older generations.
a. True
b. False
130. According to the text, the implementation of Title IX legislation has finally established equity in women’s sports.
a. True
b. False
131. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 forbids discrimination in employment on the basis of race, color, national
origin, religion, or sex.
a. True
b. False
132. Explain the difference between sex and gender.
133. What is biological determinism? What is the basic sociological response to biological determinism?
134. Discuss the role of social and biological factors for intersexed and transgendered people.
135. Explain how schools serve as gendered institutions.
136. Give two examples of how gender role expectations differ for either men or women of different racial–ethnic
groups.
137. Explain the role of patriarchy in society. How does it vary from society to society?
138. Explain how conformity to stereotypical gender roles impacts individuals and violence.
139. What is meant by the concept of a gendered institution? Describe an example.
140. Define the labor force participation rate; describe current U.S. trends in labor force participation for women.
141. Passed in 1963, the Equal Pay Act had led to which of the following?
a. Women earning the same as men.
b. Men earning 23 percent less than women.
c. Women earning 23 percent less than men.
d. None of the answer choices are correct.
142. Explain how gender is socially constructed. Include in your answer the role of gender socialization.
143. Explain the nature versus nurture argument. What is your perspective on the debate?
144. Explain how peers serve as a source of gender socialization.
145. Define gender stratification and provide two examples from your own life.
146. Explain how earnings are related to a dual labor market. In your answer discuss the primary and secondary labor
markets.
147. What does the concept of the second shift refer to, in regards to women’s employment?
148. Discuss the various approaches to gender within feminist theory.
149. Briefly describe the functionalist, conflict, and symbolic interaction perspectives on gender inequality. Provide
examples.
150. List and describe three of the types of feminist theory discussed in the text.
151. Explain how homophobia influences or plays a role in gender socialization. Include a comparison of the differential
impact on girls and boys. What are the consequences of homophobia in gender role socialization?
152. Explain how human capital theory and dual labor market theory explain the gender gap in wages. Develop the
significant differences between the two theories and the criticisms of each.
153. Propose a legislative change to solve a problem of sex or gender identified in the text. Be sure to clearly identify the
problem, outline your solution, and explain how your solution would solve the problem.