61. According to _____, social change is a slow and gradual process.
a. functionalism
b. conflict theory
c. symbolic interaction theory
d. social exchange theory
62. _____ believe that social change results from organized social movements and other forms of resistance to
oppression.
a. Functionalists
b. Conflict theorists
c. Symbolic interactionists
d. Social exchange theorists
63. Understanding race and ethnicity as social constructions is a significant contribution of _____.
a. functionalism
b. conflict theory
c. symbolic interaction theory
d. social exchange theory
64. At the time of their “discovery,” Native Americans had:
a. a common language.
b. heterogeneous cultures.
c. suffered devastating diseases.
d. shared values.
65. Which of these statements regarding the position of Native Americans in this country is false?
a. Native American populations were devastated by European diseases from which they had no immunity
b. Only about one-fourth of Native Americans live on or near reservations today.
c. Historical accounts have underrepresented the vast cultural and social heterogeneity of tribes prior to
European conquest.
d. Today Native Americans have the highest poverty rate of any group in the U.S.
66. Central to the operation of slavery was the belief that:
a. people can change castes.
b. human beings could be property.
c. domination of slavery did not involve the relationship between men and women.
d. individuals are less efficient than a whole society.
67. Which of these statements regarding the slavery system and the position of African Americans in the U.S. is
true?
a. Enslaved Africans passively accepted their positions as slaves.
b. The Emancipation Proclamation marked the end of the economic exploitation of enslaved Blacks in
southern agriculture.
c. The northern migration of Blacks from the South to the North in the U.S. only served to worsen conditions
due to the creation of urban ghettos.
d. Remnants of the slavery caste system remain in the U.S. today.
68. A problem with the terms “Latino” and “Latina” is that they
a. only refer to Mexican Americans and are not inclusive.
b. refer only to Latin Americans in the U.S. for several generations.
c. do not reflect the diversity of groups who are included in the category.
d. are not used by sociologists.
69. Which of these statements is true about the status of Puerto Rico relative to the U.S.?
a. Puerto Rico is a state in the United States of America.
b. Puerto Rico is a colony of the U.S.
c. Puerto Rico is a commonwealth with its own constitution.
d. Puerto Rico has no formal relationship with the U.S.
70. Which of the following is not considered a Latino group?
a. Puerto Ricans
b. Cubans
c. Mexicans
d. Hawaiians
71. The original entry of Mexican Americans into the U.S. was the result of
a. military conquest.
b. treaty terms negotiated at the end of the Spanish American War.
c. flight from a repressive political regime.
d. illegal migrations across the border into California and Texas.
72. _____ created a class system within the Chicano community.
a. Capitalism
b. A few wealthy ranchers
c. Slavery
d. A social structure of exclusion
73. The Jones Act of 1917
a. banned further immigration from Puerto Rico.
b. extended U.S. citizenship to Puerto Ricans.
c. closed the border with Mexico.
d. permitted Cubans to enter following the Cuban Revolution.
74. Operation Bootstrap was launched after WWII to attract U.S. corporations to Puerto Rico. What was the
overall outcome of Operation Bootstrap?
a. Rapid overall growth in the Puerto Rican economy
b. Reduced unemployment in Puerto Rico
c. Significantly higher wages for workers
d. Decreased wages for both Puerto Ricans and U.S. workers
75. When unemployment became very severe in Puerto Rico during the early to mid-1970s, the U.S. government
responded by
a. encouraging Puerto Ricans to migrate to the U.S. to find work.
b. attempting to reduce the Puerto Rican population to the extent of promoting sterilization of women.
c. providing more opportunities for millions of Puerto Ricans to obtain a college degree.
d. banning further immigration from Puerto Rico.
76. The 125,000 Cubans who entered the U.S. in 1980 during the “Mariel boat lift,” were largely _____.
a. professionals
b. skilled workers
c. persons considered “undesirable”
d. middle class and college educated
77. Chinese immigrants began migrating to the U.S. in the mid-19th century because:
a. they desired the “American Dream.”
b. the Chinese government pushed them out.
c. they were seeking religious freedom.
d. the U.S. needed workers.
78. The most recent Asian Americans to migrate to the U.S. have come from _____.
a. China
b. Japan
c. the Philippines
d. Laos and Cambodia
79. The 1913 Alien Land Law of California limited ownership and prohibited land from being inherited. This law was
aimed at preventing ______ from establishing themselves in the U.S.
a. Mexican
b. Japanese
c. Chinese
d. Irish
80. The largest concentration of Koreans in the U.S. today is located in
a. San Francisco.
b. Los Angeles.
c. Washington, D.C.
d. New York.
81. Which of these countries was made a commonwealth of the U.S.?
a. Mexico
b. Philippines
c. Korea
d. Vietnam
82. Like other immigrant groups, Middle Eastern immigrants _____.
a. spoke primarily English upon their arrival
b. formed ethnic enclaves
c. have very high poverty rates
d. were of higher classes than most Americans
83. The group collectively referred to as White Anglo-Saxon Protestants (WASPs) who settled in the “New World” di d
not include the _____.
a. English
b. Irish
c. Scotch
d. Welsh
84. More than _____ of the world’s Jewish population lives in the United States.
a. 15 percent
b. 25 percent
c. 40 percent
d. 50 percent
85. Which of these countries has the largest population of Jews?
a. The U.S.
b. Israel
c. Poland
d. Russia
86. Anti-Semitism is the term for:
a. hatred of people of other races.
b. fear and hatred of foreigners.
c. hatred of Jewish people.
d. hatred of Arab people.
87. The National Origins Quota Act of 1924 limited the number of immigrants
a. to the percentage equal to the numbers already in the U.S.
b. from Mexico and Central America.
c. who were Jewish.
d. who could enter the U.S. on temporary working visas.
88. In order to limit the number of immigrants, the U.S. government did all of the following, except:
a.
create ethnic quotas that limited the number of immigrants from places other than western and northern
Europe.
b. subject potential immigrants to literacy tests.
c. apply IQ tests in English to immigrants who were not English-speaking.
d. literally closed doors to keep immigrants out of the U.S.
89. Persons with the _____ perspective believe that to overcome adversity and oppression, the minority person
needs to imitate the dominant White culture as much as possible.
a. assimilation
b. acculturalist
c. cultural pluralism
d. blending
90. A problem with the assimilation model of analysis of group relationships is that it
a. takes no account of the time that it takes certain groups to assimilate.
b. places too much emphasis on the different histories of Black and White immigrants to this country.
c. places too much emphasis on the salience of skin color as a factor affecting the assimilation process.
d. focuses too much attention on the social class of the immigrants.
91. Which of these is not a criticism of the assimilation model?
a. It does not consider the amount of time that it may take some groups to assimilate.
b. It fails to recognize that the histories of Blacks and Whites in this country have been very different and
have long-lasting effect.
c. It ignores the fact that immigrants entering the U.S. at different times have faced very different economic
conditions and demands for labor.
d. It does not account for language barriers between groups.
92. A Latino family lives in a neighborhood with only other Latino families. This is referred to as _________ .
a. Cultural amalgamation
b. Hypersegregation
c. Cultural accommodation
d. Cultural co-optation
93. When an Amish family maintains its traditions in America it is an example of ___________ .
a. assimilation
b. cultural pluralism
c. integration
d. amalgamation
94. Which of these statements about segregation in the U.S. is true?
a. De jure segregation still exists.
b. De facto segregation still exists.
c. There is very little segregation in the U.S. today.
d. Segregation is more vital today than in the past.
95. William Julius Wilson believes the cause of the emergence of an urban underclass is
a. the “culture of poverty.”
b. prejudice and racism.
c. economic and social structural deficits in society.
d. too much immigration from some areas.
96. William Julius Wilson rejects the _____ explanation in favor of a social/economic explanation of racial
differences.
a. Moynihan
b. culture of poverty
c. cultural deficiencies
d. inner city