1. The three largest Hispanic groups are:
2. Hispanic Americans comprise about _____ of the total U.S. population.
3. Latinos’ percentage of the population is increasing rapidly, partly because of their:
4. Hispanic Americans are:
5. The racial background of Mexican Americans is mainly:
6. The term “Hispanic American”:
7. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Mexican Americans were a relatively small group,
culturally and linguistically separate from the dominant group. In this way, they resembled:
8. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Mexican Americans were a low-paid workforce in
9. During the twentieth and early twenty-first century, immigration from Mexico to the United
States:
10. Mexican Americans remain a colonized minority group because:
11. Federal policy toward immigration from Mexico:
12. Which of the following permitted immigration from Mexico?
13. The 1980s legislation that allowed illegal immigrants to legalize their status was the:
14. Which of the following might explain why U.S. policy on immigration from Mexico has
fluctuated so often?
15. The leader of the Crusade for Justice in 1965 was:
16. The greatest success of the Chicanismo movement was:
17. Puerto Rico became a U.S. territory as a result of:
18. The initial contact between Puerto Ricans and Americans was in the context of:
19. Puerto Ricans began to migrate to the mainland in large numbers in the:
20. Puerto Ricans’ move to the mainland was inspired by:
21. While Mexican Americans have resided primarily in the Southwest region, Puerto Ricans are
concentrated in the:
22. Puerto Ricans tend to see race as:
23. In a study presented in the text, Puerto Rican students were asked for their racial
identification. Most answered:
24. Cuban Americans were a very small group until a revolution in Cuba in the late:
25. Based on the information presented in the text, which of the following individuals would
probably have the highest income?
26. Contrary to the traditional view of assimilation, success for Cuban Americans is associated
with:
27. During the Great Depression, unemployment rates soared and competition for jobs
increased. As a result, efforts to expel Mexican laborers began, as __________________
would predict.
28. Among Hispanic Americans, English fluency:
29. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTa. is probably the most significant
source of recent changes to Mexican society. Its effects include:
30. Which of the following is incorrect regarding the assimilation of Mexican Americans?
31. Which of the following are examples of ethnicity?
32. _________ is to race as __________ is to ethnicity.
33. According to Chicanismo, the solution to the problems experienced by Mexican Americans
included:
34. Which of the following people are most closely associated with the Chicano movement?
35. Which of the following are the most prominent differences between Mexican Americans
and Anglo Americans?
36. Which of the following most closely resembles the goals of Operation Wetback?
37. Hispanic Americans’ primary structural assimilation with the dominant group is _______
than it is for African Americans and ________ than for Native Americans.
38. Which of the following is untrue regarding Latino acculturation to the United States?
39. Which of the following is not true of Mexican immigration—both legal and undocumented?
40. The lower levels of education for Hispanic Americans relative to other Americans are a
result of:
41. The diverse Hispanic American experience or pattern of adjustment to the larger society
illustrates some of the fundamental forces that shape the experiences of minority groups:
42. The Latino population is growing because of _____.
43. What is an enclave minority?
44. Anti-Latino prejudice and racism tend to increase ____.
45. Hispanics make up ___ of the voting age population.
46. Recent Hispanic undocumented immigrants usually find jobs in the United States that ____.
47. Primary structural assimilation is greater for Hispanics than:
48. During the recent immigration from Mexico to the US, about 12 million people came into
the country, ___% illegal.
49, Recently (since 2005) immigration from Mexico has fallen off dramatically, primarily
because of
50. Theories concerning the racial future of America include all but which of the below:
51. Which of the following events resulted in a decrease in United States immigration from Mexico?
52. Raids on Mexican American homes and places of business, the deportation of U.S. citizens of
Mexican descent, and other violations of civil and legal rights that occurred during the 1950s were a
direct result of
53. One difference between Mexican Americans in the 20th century and African Americans in the
segregated South is that African Americans were disenfranchised and Mexican Americans were not.
54. The current high rates of Hispanic immigration mean that the majority of Hispanic groups are
55. Which statement is true of Puerto Ricans?
56. Which group invented the term Latino?
57. Which name originated from the minority group itself?
58. Cesar Chavez’s protest tactics are best described as
59. Which view of the American racial order is similar to Gordon’s assimilation model?
60. Cuban immigrants are to __________ as Puerto Ricans are to __________.
Test Bank—Chapter 8, Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 7e
61. As language acculturation increases for Hispanic groups, education and length of residency also
increase.
62. Stella tells her children that most Mexican Americans have a weak work ethic and are uneducated.
Stella is stereotyping Mexican Americans using
63. Compared to Cuban immigrants who immigrated during the 1980s, Cubans who immigrated to the
U.S. during the height of the cold war were perceived
64. Compared to a ghetto, an enclave is
65. For decades, Mexican immigration to the United States has flowed according to
66. Hispanic Americans share a language and some cultural traits, but they do not think of
themselves as a single social entity.
67. Hispanic Americans are an ethnic group.
68. Hispanic Americans are the largest minority group in the United States.
69. Today, most social analysts see Mexican Americans in terms of the “culture of poverty”
perspective and justify their lower status as a result of an unhealthy value system.
70. Although the concept of “machismo” has a negative connotation to the dominant culture,
the term has positive meanings for Hispanics, such as “being a good provider and a respected
father.”
71. If we look at the immigration patterns since 1900, it can be argued that Mexicans have
served as a reserve labor pool for the benefit of U.S. businesses, agricultural interests, and
other groups.
72. During the repatriation campaign, many legal immigrants and native-born Mexican
Americans were forced into moving to Mexico.
73. The Bracero program, which continued for several decades, did not significantly affect
agricultural labor.
74. During Operation Wetback, raids on homes and places of business often resulted in the
violations of civil and legal rights of U.S. citizens of Mexican descent.
75. Mexican immigrants, both undocumented and legal, exist at a similar level of poverty as
they would if they lived in Mexico.
76. Mexican Americans often played important leadership roles in the labor movement,
particularly in agriculture and mining.
77. The term Chicano, like the term black, was originally derogatory when used by the
dominant culture.
78. In the 1960s a very intense and militant protest movement emerged, guided by the ideology
of Chicanismo.
79. The initial contact between Puerto Ricans and Americans was in the context of war and
conquest.
80. Puerto Rican migration was unlike Mexican migration because the people of Puerto Rico
were already established as U.S. citizens since 1917.
81. In Puerto Rico, distinctions of race are much more important than distinctions of class.
82. The Marielitos were all undesirables, convicted criminals, and outcasts.
83. Ethnic enclaves can only develop when business and financial expertise and capital are
combined with a disciplined labor force.
84. Contrary to the perception that they are “unmelted,” research shows that Hispanic groups
follow many of the same patterns of assimilation as European groups.
85. Prejudices faced by Mexican Americans (e.g., lazy, unmotivated) were incorporated into the
dominant culture and were transferred to Puerto Ricans when they began to arrive on the
mainland.
86. Hispanic Americans are an ethnic minority group, not a racial minority group.
87. Depending on context, the term Hispanic can have negative meanings and controversial
connotations. For one thing, it may reinforce the mistaken perception that all
Spanish-speaking peoples are the same.
88. According to some sociologists, colonized minority groups such as Chicanos and Puerto
Ricans have not been encouraged to assimilate because they are valued primarily for their
cheap labor and are seen as otherwise less valuable.
89. Hispanics are much more likely to register and to vote in national elections than
non-Hispanics.
90. Among Hispanics, a split labor market exists that results in women being among the lowest
paid and most exploited in the labor market.
91. In “Images of Latinas,” Judith Ortiz Cofer argues that stereotypes of Latin women such as
“the good housemaid” and the “hot tamale” have changed over time as Mexican Americans
have assimilated into U.S. culture.
92. Evidence that illustrates the effectiveness of the ethnic enclave as a pathway for adaptation
is the difference in Mexican and Cuban incomes—Cubans tend to make much more money than
Mexicans.
93. Many sociologists consider Cuban Americans a “success story” because they earn more than
Puerto Ricans and Mexicans. However, the poverty rate for Cuban Americans is still three
94. Ethnic identity is different from racial identity. Thus, Hispanics may be of any race.
95. Mexican Americans remain a colonized minority group and have been systematically
excluded from opportunities for upward mobility by institutional discrimination and
segregation.
96. Two of the three largest groups of Hispanic Americans include Mexican Americans and
Cuban Americans.
97. Levels of acculturation for Hispanic Americans are similar across all groups.
98. Poverty, unemployment, and lower levels of educational attainment continue to be
problems for Hispanic groups, with the exception of Cuban Americans.
99. Primary structural assimilation for Hispanic Americans with the dominant group is greater
than for African Americans.
100. The survival vitality of Latino cultures in the U.S. has been greater due to continuous and
recent immigration.
101. Today 15% of the Mexican population lives in the United States.
102. The movement of people from Mexico to the U.S. that began in the 1960s and
accelerated late in the twentieth century, was the second largest immigration of people from a
single nation in history.
103. It appears that the traditional dichotomy of the black-white racial order cannot persist.
104. Discuss the evolution of federal policy on immigration from Mexico over the course of the
twentieth century. What were the major policies? When and why did they change?
Type: E
105. Applying the Blauner hypothesis to the situation of Mexican Americans over the twentieth
century, has the group been primarily an immigrant or a colonized minority group? Both?
Neither? Explain, citing specific evidence.
106. How did Puerto Ricans and Cuban Americans become minority groups? Describe the
contact situation of each group, and explain how the contact situation shaped relations with
107. Describe and analyze the status of Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Cuban
Americans in terms of acculturation, secondary structural integration, and primary structural
integration. What important differences can you identify between the three Hispanic groups?
How do you account for these differences? Apply the Blauner hypothesis and the concepts of
split labor markets, urban underclass, institutionalized discrimination, and ethnic enclaves in
your essay.
Type: E
108. Compare and contrast the three largest Hispanic groups with Native Americans and African
Americans. What differences and similarities can you identify? What concepts, ideas, and
hypotheses help account for these patterns?
109. How does the history of Mexican immigration demonstrate the usefulness of Noel’s
concept of differences in power and competition?
110. Describe why Mexican immigrant laborers are looked upon as being attractive to
employers in the United States.