1. The contact period for American Indians began in earliest colonial days and lasted nearly:
2. For much of the twentieth century, while industrialization and urbanization changed the
situations of other minority groups, American Indians remained:
3. The present status of the American Indians reflects:
4. The most obvious difference between American Indian and Western cultures lies in their:
5. Among American Indians, the concept of private property was:
6. In American Indians tribes, women:
7. Native American reservations were:
8. Indian reservations were not run by the Indians, but by which federal government agency?
9. American Indian culture was attacked in which of the following ways?
10. In the early reservation period, tribal membership (who belonged to the tribe) was
determined by:
11. As a result of the Dawes Act of 1887, American Indians:
12. The Indian Reorganization Act broke with the federal policies of the past, including which of
the following?
13. The poverty level of American Indians is ______ the national norm.
14. By 1948, _____ tribes were governed by the Indian Reorganization Act (IRa. .
15. American Indians have higher rates than other minority groups in the area of:
16. The “Trail of Broken Treaties” was a protest march to:
17. When American Indians arrived in the cities, the burden of supporting the families fell on
the:
18. In what way did the red power movement lead to more assimilation?
19. CERT was founded by 25 American Indian tribes to:
20. Services in the American Indian Church include the use of:
21. On American Indian reservations, unemployment:
22. The rates of intermarriage for American Indians is:
23. In general, what can we say regarding American Indian assimilation?
24. One way coercive acculturation was “achieved” was by sending American Indian children to
boarding schools. Within these schools, tribal languages, dress, and religion were forbidden and
American Indian culture was generally disparaged. Which theory or hypothesis would most
likely have predicted this?
25. Mary Crow Dog’s essay describes the coercive acculturation of American Indian children via
the education system. It parallels a similar education system in which country?
26. Approximately what percentage of American Indians are now living in urban areas?
27. In general, how does the unemployment rate for American Indians compare to the national
average? The American Indian rate is:
28. In general, incomes for urban Indians are _________to those for African Americans and
____________ those for whites.
29. Approximately how much of the American Indian population was decimated since
colonization?
30. As opposed to African Americans and many other minority groups, American Indians have
been more interested in:
31. The concept of ___ was foreign to the American Indian culture.
32. American Indians have been more successful than which group in preserving their culture?
33. Which tribe in America is developing an ethnic enclave?
34. American Indian children are less segregated than __ children.
35. The overall unemployment rate for all American Indians is __ the rate for whites.
36. All of the following were methods of coercive acculturation of American Indians except
37. Political participation, kinship, and tribal celebrations are all advantages of
38. What was the outcome of the Red Power movement’s fish-in ?
39. Which of the following illustrates how the Red Power movement encouraged assimilation?
40. Medical benefits, educational scholarships, and business development are all ways American
Indians have benefited from
41. Why do we know so little about anti-Indian racism?
42. What is one reason American Indians have been more successful than African Americans in
preserving their cultures?
43. All of the 37 tribally-controlled colleges offer four-year degrees.
44. Reorganization is to the __________ as self-determination is to the __________.
45. During the early years of European colonization, American Indians were stereotyped as
46. Which statement most accurately describes the current situation for American Indians?
47. Unlike African Americans, American Indians
48. According to recent research, which of the following is the biggest threat to traditional American
Indian culture?
49. Communication about cultural differences between Anglo Americans and American Indians
harmed the Anglo American culture.
50. After the reservation system was established, American Indians continued to lose land and
other resources.
51. The policy of termination was successful and the tribes that were terminated provided
economic benefits and a better quality of life for other tribes.
52. American Indians are the least urbanized American minority group.
53. The red power movement was partly assimilationist.
54. One possible source of development and further conflict is in the potentially lucrative
gambling industry.
55. Primary structural assimilation for American Indians is relatively high.
56. The red power movement occurred in the 1960s and was very successful.
57. Although the economic benefits of urbanization have been low, one positive outcome is
that it was easier for American Indians to establish networks of friendship and affiliation across
tribal lines in urban areas/cities.
58. After the 1890s, American Indians lived on reservations under a paternalistic system of
government.
59. American Indians were highly individualistic rather than group oriented.
60. The main goal of American Indians was to integrate as quickly as possible into the
mainstream society.
61. Under the Dawes Act, American Indians lost significant portions of their land, and much that
remained was of poor quality.
62. The boarding schools were successful in fully inculcating Anglo values, ethics, and religion to
native children.
63. The Indian Reorganization Act in 1934 rescinded the Dawes Allotment Act and reduced the
paternalism formerly imposed on the American Indians.
64. The policy of termination was designed to end the collaboration between tribes and the
federal government.
65. The focus of the red power movement was to assimilate with white Americans.
66. Many of the treaties established during the 1800s have been broken, although some tribes
have had success regaining treaty rights through the court system.
67. Gambling has eradicated the poverty from most of the American Indian reservations.
68. The relative status of American Indians in the United States has improved significantly in the
last 20 years, and they are viewed more positively by most Americans.
69. American Indians are not offended by “trivial” nicknames of athletic teams such as the
Cleveland Indians or the Atlanta Braves and the use of tomahawk chops and Indian mascots.
70. About 10% of American Indians still speak primarily their tribal language, while 23% can
speak a language other than English.
71. Forms of traditional American Indian culture can be seen in aspects of cuisine, recreational
patterns, and religion.
72. Although the number of American Indians enrolled in college has increased, the percentage
of American Indians actually graduating from high school and college is still far below national
norms.
73. American Indians began to urbanize rapidly in the 1950s but are still less urbanized than the
population as a whole. In fact, they are the least urbanized minority group in the United States.
74. American Indians acted on an old law that granted American Indians the right to reclaim
abandoned federal land when they occupied Alcatraz Island. Today, several tribes thrive there
by giving tours of the former federal prison.
75. Programs under the IRA included opportunities for women, such as preparing for jobs off
the reservation in the fields of nursing and clerical work.
76. The struggle for red power encouraged assimilation as well as pluralism.
77. From a Western perspective, the division of labor in American Indian societies was
“backwards.” Thus, white military representatives tended to ignore women tribal leaders.
78. The Bureau of Indian Affairs tried to take into consideration the needs of various tribes by
asking tribal leaders for their input regarding policy.
79. The ranking of American Indians on social distance scales proves there has been a decline in
prejudice toward them since the 1970s.
80. The legacy of colonization and conquest for American Indians was poor health and housing,
inadequate education, and slow economic development.
81. The situation of the American Indians today is superior to the status of the group a century
ago.
82. American Indians are growing rapidly in numbers.
84. Today American Indians have the opportunity to raise the standard of living because of
natural resources, autonomy, treaty rights, and gambling.
TYPE E
85. “Whereas African Americans had been exploited for their labor, American Indians were
exploited for their land.” Explain this statement. What other differences between Africans and
American Indians emerged from this difference in the contact situation?
86. Which of the following ideas and theories are helpful in understanding the experiences of
American Indians: the Blauner hypothesis, human capital theory, institutionalized
discrimination, the urban underclass? Be sure to explain each idea or theory and why it is or is
not helpful.
TYPE E
87. The traditional model of assimilation assumes that minority groups will undergo a certain
process of adjustment to U.S. society: first acculturation, then secondary structural integration,
followed by primary structural integration. Does this model apply to the experiences of
American Indians? Why or why not?
TYPE E
88. Among all U.S. minority groups, American Indians have a unique relationship with the
federal government. Describe this relationship, and explain how it has affected American
Indians. In what ways, if any, has the relationship been positive? In what ways, if any, has it
been negative? Compare and contrast this relationship with that between African Americans
and the federal government.
89. Characterize the status of American Indians in terms of acculturation and integration. How
would you account for these patterns?
TYPE E
90. Compare and contrast the situations of Australian aborigines and American Indians in terms
of the dynamics of industrialization, societal organization, goals of the colonizers, relationships
between the colonizers and native peoples, policies of acculturation, and other relevant factors.
91. You read two different perspectives on the issue of American Indian sport mascots. One
argument (by Price and Woo) claimed that Indian symbols and mascots are not offensive while
the other (King, Staurowsky, Baca, Davis, and Pewewardy) argued that they are offensive.
First, briefly outline these two positions. Then, explain which argument you believe is better
and why, using the appropriate concepts from your text.
Test Bank—Chapter 7, Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 7e
92. Discuss the Red Power movement. When did it occur? What were its successes?
Failures?
93. Describe in detail the land that was allotted to American Indian tribes in the nineteenth
century and the richness of the resources found on the land today.
94. Explain why some Native Americans encourage “positive stereotypes.”
95. What arguments did the researcher Price and Woo make concerning Indian symbols and
mascots?