1. The shift from agrarian technology to machine-based, manufacturing technology is called:
2. As societies industrialize, dominant-minority relations move from:
3. Which of the following are not true of paternalistic systems?
4. In agrarian society work was:
5. The period of Reconstruction that followed the Civil War was a time of:
6. Which of the following is true about the period of Reconstruction?
7. During Reconstruction, the South was characterized by:
8. By 1910, black labor in the United States was most characterized by:
9. Which of the following is an example of modern institutional discrimination?
10. __________________replaced slavery in the South.
11. As de jure segregation formed and solidified in the South:
12. In the _____ case in 1896, the Supreme Court established the “separate but equal”
doctrine:
13. At the height of the Jim Crow era, the system had evolved to the point that:
14. When European immigrants moved out of northern slum areas, who was most likely to
move in after them?
15.Which of the following laws did not restrict African Americans in the South from voting?
16. The plantation owners solved their labor problem after the end of slavery by developing the
__________________.
17. Under the Jim Crow system, as under slavery, the subordination of the African American
community was reinforced and supplemented by an elaborate system of:
18. Compared to white women at the turn of the twentieth century, African American women
were:
19. Deindustrialization, the shift from manufacturing to service and information jobs, has
resulted:
20. The__________________, sometimes called the competitive market, includes low-paying,
low-skilled, insecure jobs.
21. Which of the following is not typical of jobs within the primary market labor market?
22. Which of the following is an example of modern institutional discrimination?
23. The great migration of blacks from the South during the early twentieth century was
possible because of one option available after emancipation. That option was:
24. _____ was a primary opponent of Booker T. Washington and helped to found the NAACP.
25. Who helped found the NAACP and advocated immediate pursuit of racial equality and a
direct assault on de jure segregation?
26. _____ was born in Jamaica and advocated a return to Africa for black Americans.
27. According to a public opinion survey conducted in 2000, affirmative action programs are
strongly supported by a majority of:
28. During the nineteenth century, an anti-elitist movement attempted to unite poor whites
and blacks in the rural South against the traditional elite classes. This movement was called:
29. Which of the following are examples of service (or tertiary) occupations?
30. Sociologist Stanley Lieberson argues that the great migration of blacks to the North had
which of the following effects on white immigrants?
31. Which of the following best exemplifies de jure segregation?
32. During the Jim Crow era, whites and blacks were separated by extreme segregation. While
33. The ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870 extended the right to vote to:
34. Past-in-present institutional discrimination involves practices in the present that have
discriminatory consequences because of some pattern of discrimination or exclusion in the
past. One example of this is:
35. Affirmative action is becoming:
36. Most recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions have
37. In the case of Schuette v. BAMN, the Supreme Court
38. Affirmative action:
39. “Disparate impact” means:
40. Which of the following consequences was frequently imposed on black Southerners who did not
conform to the Jim Crow system?
41. In the 19th century, African Americans were predominantly a(n) __________ group.
42. Personnel policies based on seniority and racial differences in home ownership are examples of
__________ discrimination.
43. Which program excluded black Americans from homeownership?
44. A key factor in preserving racial stratification in the present is racial residential segregation.
45. All of the following are ways racial residential segregation has been preserved today except
46. Accent, dialect, and home address are all
47. Police officer, waiter, and teacher are all examples of __________ occupations.
48. Which of the following statements most accurately summarizes access to education in the U.S.?
49. Puerto Rican immigrants are to __________ as Mexican American immigrants are to __________.
50. The case of Ricci v. DeStefano is an example of
51. Supreme Court decisions involving affirmative action lawsuits at the University of Michigan and the
University of Texas suggest a trend toward
52. In the 1970 and 1980s, most Supreme Court decisions supporting the constitutionality of affirmative
action programs involved__________ policies of discrimination.
53. What were sundown towns?
54. Which of the following programs would Americans most likely support?
55. In a paternalistic system of group relations, overt intergroup contact is common.
56. As the industrial revolution spread throughout Europe, parallel patterns of emigration from
Europe to the United States occurred.
57. The first massive waves of immigration to the United States were primarily from Southern
and Eastern Europe.
58. Many Jews fled from pogroms, government sponsored attacks, in Russia by moving to the
United States.
59. Black southerners responded to segregation in part by moving to northern urban areas.
60. African American women are one of the least exploited groups in America.
61. African American females were employed mostly in agriculture and domestic service during
the era of segregation.
62. The entire northern African American population enjoyed greater freedom and developed
more political and economic resources.
63. The Jim Crow system was motivated by a need to control labor and was reinforced by
coercion and intense racism and prejudice.
64. Zealous patriots and nativists supported wider immigration because their own origins were
from Europe.
65. One important factor shaping the experience of the immigrants was the extent that the
group chose to be Americanized.
66. Under de jure segregation, separation of African Americans and European Americans in
virtually all aspects of social life was required by law.
67. Because the South lost the Civil War, followed by a great turnover under Reconstruction,
the basic class structure and agrarian economy was destroyed.
68. After Reconstruction, sharecropping replaced slavery as the main way that the South
supported an agrarian economy.
69. Under Plessy v. Ferguson, it was established that separate and fully equal treatment for
African Americans and European Americans was constitutional; this mandate was fully
followed.
70. The movement of proportional representation in job types
(extractive-manufacturing-service) closely models the progression of industrialization.
71. Under Jim Crow, lynchings were imposed to enforce segregation, and during the period
from 1884 to 1900, there was an average of one lynching every other day.
72. The statement that African Americans voted against southern segregation “with their feet”
referred to the dance and blues music that developed during this time period.
73. According to sociologist Stanley Lieberson, the northern migration of African Americans
actually aided the upward mobility of European immigrants and their descendants.
74. As urbanization increases, paternalistic controls of minority groups tends to decrease or
become irrelevant.
75. Increasing bureaucracy in the business field has improved the opportunities of minorities
who are skilled and hard working.
76. The primary labor market includes low-paid, unskilled, insecure jobs, while the secondary
labor market includes higher paid, high benefit positions in large, bureaucratic organizations.
77. Institutional discrimination is tied to unequal opportunity due to discrimination, personal
prejudice, and group competition.
78. Average educational levels for minority groups have remained stagnant since World War II.
79. Industrialization is the shift from a manufacturing economy to a service sector economy.
80. Poll taxes largely disenfranchised poor white and black men, preventing them from voting
at all in local, state, and federal elections.
81. Following emancipation, there was a significant increase in marriages among African
Americans.
82. Sharecropping is a form of de jure segregation.
83. Today, job growth in the United States is largely in manufacturing.
84. Jobs in the primary labor market are likely to be seasonal, have high turnover, or offer low
wages.
85. In the United States, deindustrialization tended to increase men’s wages.
86. Modern institutional discrimination is one of the major challenges facing minority groups.
87. Personnel policies in the workforce that are based on seniority can have discriminatory
results in the present because in the past, members of minority groups and women were
excluded from specific occupations.
88. There is little support for affirmative action in the United States as a whole.
89. Recent lawsuits have upheld some affirmative action programs in higher education but only
under very limited conditions.
90. The forms of institutional discrimination that persist in the present are less subtle and more
overt than those that defined the Jim Crow system.
91. “Dominant–minority relations change as the subsistence technology changes.” Explain and
illustrate in terms of the impact of the Industrial Revolution on minority groups in the United
States.
92. Distinguish between paternalistic and rigid competitive group relations. Which is associated
with agrarian subsistence technology? Which is associated with industrialization? Why?
93. Compare and contrast South African apartheid to U.S. slavery and Jim Crow laws. What
factors led to their similarities and differences? What factors led to the dismantling of these
systems and how did these factors differ for the two countries?
94. Discuss the origins of black protest. Who were the major figures and what were the
competing views? Relate this early protest to today. What forms of protest are available
now, given institutional discrimination?
95. What social, economic, and political forces caused de jure segregation in the South? How
were African Americans controlled under this system? What factors encouraged their migration
to the North?
96. Describe the experiences of African Americans as they migrated to the urban North.
Include the role of labor unions, white immigrant groups, and employers.
97. Compare and contrast the experiences of European American immigrant women and
African American women during the early phases of industrialization. What sectors of the job
market did they enter? Why?
98. What is modern institutional discrimination? How does it differ from “traditional”
institutional discrimination?
99. Describe the three systems of group relationships (agrarian, industrial, and postindustrial).
Your answer should reflect the difference in stratification, division of labor, contact between
groups, overt intergroup conflict, and power differentials of each group relationship.
100. Past-in-present institutional discrimination operates in our society today. Please describe
in detail some of the types of discrimination found in the workplace.
101. What is the glass ceiling? What are some suggestions that will help women succeed in
the workplace?
102. How were the New Deal programs that President Franklin Roosevelt started discriminatory
toward African Americans?