1. According to the text, the most important factor in the creation of minority group status is
the:
2. The nature of dominant-minority group relations at any point in time is:
3. The first Africans were introduced into colonial society as:
4. To be successful, the plantation system needed which of the following:
5. _________________ is the tendency to judge other groups, societies, or lifestyles by the
standards of one’s own culture.
6. The creation of minority group status largely depends on:
7. Blauner’s continuum of minority groups includes:
8. According to the Noel hypothesis, if two groups came together and the contact situation
featured ethnocentrism, competition between groups, and a differential in power, the result of
the contact would be:
9. When two groups who are in contact with one another each feel that their culture and way
of life is superior, judging the other culture by their own standards, this is called:
10. Robert Blauner presents a theory of dominant-minority relations that stresses the
importance of:
11. In colonial America, American Indians were not enslaved. According to the Noel hypothesis,
this was because:
12. A society with a small elite class and a plantation-based economy will often develop a form
of minority relations called:
13. Which of the following would not typically be found in a paternalistic system of group
relations?
14. Most scholars agree that:
15. The movement to abolish slavery in the United States was called:
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16. The creation of slavery is best understood by the concept(s) of:
17. The process of acculturation that took place under slavery could best be described as:
18. The intensity, strength, and popularity of anti-black Southern racism actually reached its
height:
19. During slavery, which group would be in “double jeopardy”?
20. Which of the following were false regarding slave women’s experiences?
21. In 1763, the British Crown declared American Indian tribes to be:
22. Which of the following are true about the stratification in American Indian societies prior to
European contact?
23. Although Native Hawaiians retain minority group status, according to your text they
compare favorably with American Indians and black Americans in terms of:
24. The experiences of Mexican Americans with European Americans in Arizona, New Mexico,
California, and Texas illustrate the following generalization about Mexican American
experiences:
25. Anglo Americans began moving into the Southwest in the:
26. Much of the Southwest became U.S. territory in _____ as a result of _____.
27. In what ways do the Noel and Blauner hypotheses relate to the contact situation of Mexican
Americans and Anglo immigrants?
28. One difference in the situations of Mexican Americans and African Americans in the
nineteenth century was that:
29. Which set of terms best characterized the situations of African Americans, American
Indians, and Mexican Americans as a result of contact with Anglo American society?
30. Which of the following is true regarding the contact situations between American Indians
and the Spanish, French, and English?
31. Which of the following are documented ways slaves could express resistance or
non-cooperation to their situation and their “masters”?
32. In the plantation hierarchy, who had the least power?
33. Approximately what percentage of Southern whites owned slaves?
34. American Indians were gradually pushed to near extinction by:
35. Black Africans had a commodity the colonists coveted—_____________, and the colonists
subsequently constructed a system to control and exploit this commodity—_______________.
36. Which component of the contact situation explains why Africans were enslaved instead of the
other
groups?
37. All of the following are correct about slaves in colonial America except
38. Slavery was founded on and maintained by
39. Between 1607 and 1890, thousands of American Indians were lost due to
40. Unlike, African American minorities in the antebellum South, American Indians during the contact
period were
41. Women in American Indian societies were generally subordinate to men.
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42. Following the Indian Removal Act of 1830, the Cherokee Nation changed from a __________ system
of land ownership to a __________ system.
43. Which city was founded first?
44. Historical documents indicate that slavery in the United States was inevitable.
45. Which group benefited the most from the Gold Rush of 1849?
46. What was the result of the Gadsden Purchase of 1853 and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848?
47. In which state did Mexican Americans retain political power during the contact situation?
48. During the contact period, Mexicans were predominantly __________, whereas Anglo-Americans
were primarily________.
49. Which of the following is a primary difference between the African American and Mexican American
experience during the contact period?
50. According to the text, what is the single most important factor in the development of
dominant-minority relations?
51. Complete assimilation is not possible in paternalistic systems.
52. In colonial America, slavery became synonymous with
53. What is one similarity among the three minority groups discussed in the chapter?
54. The contact situation is the most important factor in the creation of minority group status.
55. The first Africans to come to the British colonies were probably indentured servants rather
56. American Indians were seen as ideal slaves because they were hard workers and were close
57. According to the Noel hypothesis, if two or more groups come into contact who are
characterized by ethnocentrism, competition, and differences in power, then some form of
ethnic or racial stratification will result.
58. According to the Noel hypothesis, if two or more groups come into contact with each other
and they are mutually ethnocentric, competition and conflict will eventually occur.
59. According to Robert Blauner, the way in which groups come into contact with each other,
either as immigrant group or colonized group, have consequences that persist long after the
original contact.
60. Indentured servants were members of a caste system and had no opportunities of mobility.
61. Gender played little part for slaves, as both slave men and slave women worked in the
fields.
62. A caste system is an example of an open stratification system.
63. The land that was set aside as reservations offered conditions and qualities similar to the
land the American Indians once controlled.
64. The Indian reservations, like the slave plantations, could be considered paternalistic systems
with a colonized group.
65. Between the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 and the Gadsden Purchase of 1853, the
Mexican population of what became the Southwest, without moving an inch from their
traditional villages and farms, became a conquered people and a minority group.
66. In California, the Gold Rush of 1849 resulted in the colonization of the Mexican Americans
who were previously living there, often for generations.
67. Colonists saw slavery as a logical and cost effective solution to the labor-intensive needs of
agriculture at that time.
68. Tom thinks that people in India lack intelligence because many of them are starving but
they won’t kill and eat the cows that roam freely. We could say that Tom is ethnocentric.
69. According to Blauner’s hypothesis, we would expect that Chinese immigrants would have a
more difficult time acculturating than African Americans.
70. Native Hawaiians are better off compared to African Americans, Native Americans, and
Mexican Americans.
71. Blauner’s hypothesis identifies three features of a group’s initial contact situation:
ethnocentrism, competition, and a differential in power.
72. Slave men often worked longer than slave women, doing other chores after the women
went to bed in the evening.
73. Attempts at acculturation by various American Indian tribes often resulted in the loss of
status and power by American Indian women.
74. Power differentials between groups partly explains why domination was established in
some places faster than others.
75. Both the United States and Mexico were originally colonized by European powers.
76. American slavery was a paternalistic system.
77. Conquest and colonization affected men and women differently.
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78. Prejudice and racism are more the result of systems of racial and ethnic inequality than they
are the causes.
79. Minority women have been doubly oppressed because of their gender roles and their
minority group status.
80. After their land was expropriated, American Indians remained a major concern for the
dominant group.
81. The contact situation for Mexican Americans was highly variable by region.
82. Like African Americans, American Indians were also controlled by paternalism.
83. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 required all eastern tribes to move to new lands west of the
Mississippi.
84. The Noel hypothesis states that if two or more groups come together in a contact situation
characterized by ethnocentrism, competition, and a differential in power, then some form of
racial or ethnic stratification will remain.
TYPE E
85. Apply the Noel hypothesis to the contact situations of African, American Indians, and
Mexican Americans. Link the differences in the contact situations to the systems of group
relationships that developed. That is, explain how the differences in the contact situation led to
different relationships with the dominant group for each minority group.
86. Explain Blauner’s distinction between colonized and immigrant minority groups. Why is the
initial contact period between minority and dominant groups so crucial? Relate Blauner’s two
types of minority groups to Gordon’s theory of assimilation. Are immigrant or colonized
minority groups more likely to follow Gordon’s stages of assimilation in order? Why? Are
immigrant or colonized minority groups more likely to encounter high levels of prejudice,
discrimination, ideological racism, and institutional discrimination? Why?
TYPE E
87. Explain the role of individual prejudice and ideological racism in the creation of minority
group status for African Americans, American Indians, and Mexican Americans. How are the
dominant group stereotypes of each of these groups related to the original contact situations
and the nature of the competition between the groups?
TYPE E
88. The experience of conquest and colonization differed for men and women. Summarize the
gender differences in the experiences of African Americans, American Indians, and Mexican
Americans. Why did these differences occur?
89. Explain any similarities and differences in the paternalistic system for African Americans in
slavery and the paternalistic system for Native Americans on the reservation.
90. Describe the three views in literature on the effects of slavery on the slaves. Which view do
you agree with? Why?
