1. Prejudice is to discrimination as:
2. Which of the following is not an example of the affective dimension of prejudice?
3. ___________________ are exaggerated generalizations about groups of people and tend to
be overly simplistic and difficult to prove.
4. Many years ago, a European American storeowner in a racist town succumbed to pressures
from others and agreed to ban African Americans from his shop, even though he himself was
not prejudiced at all. This merchant was an example of Merton’s:
5. Selective perception:
6. Which of the following represent the two types of stereotypes?
7. Hartley (1946) demonstrated there can be a generalized tendency to reject minority groups
of all sorts and stereotypes can exist apart from any need to rationalize or justify
dominant-group advantages when he found that:
8. Which of the following is an example of selective perception?
9. Which concept below best describes someone who is prejudiced and does discriminate?
10. Stereotypes vary by:
11. A study of Princeton University undergraduates provided the following perspectives on the
content of American stereotypes:
12. The one common factor that seems to account for the origin of all prejudice is:
13. In Sherif’s Robber’s Cave experiment:
14. One problem with the scapegoat hypothesis is that it:
15. According to Marxism, the capitalist class in the early twentieth century controlled the
racially mixed working class by:
16. A small town experiences a wave of anti-minority group violence in the weeks following the
announcement of massive layoffs at the local factory. These incidents would be consistent with
17. Which of the following is thought to be an important cause of authoritarian personalities?
18. According to your textbook, what factor(s) play a role in the origins of prejudice?
19. A criticism of the authoritarian personality theory of prejudice is that it:
20. Explanations for the persistence of prejudice through time stress:
21. Emory Bogardus specified a total of seven degrees of social distance. Which of the
following is not one of them?
22. The Bogardus scale of social distance suggests that prejudice is based in:
23. The concept of social distance best reflects:
24. Your book details Americans’ social distance scores from 1926 to 2001. Which of the
following was not found in that research?
25. In The American Dilemma, Dr. Gunnar Myrdal suggests that there is a basic conflict (or
dissonance) between:
26. The Robber’s Cave experiment supports the idea that prejudice can be caused by:
27. “The elite segments of American society are using prejudice and racism to manipulate the
thoughts and ideas of minority groups and to brainwash them into accepting their position in
society.” This statement is most consistent with:
28. In split labor market theory, there are three actors in the economic sector of an industrial
society. These actors are:
29. You hear someone say that “all women are bad drivers,” “all Asians are smart,” and “all
Latinos drive low-riders.” These are examples of:
30. When power differentials in a society are not very extreme, which of the following
stereotypes is most likely to emerge about a minority group?
31. When minority groups in a society are exploited and held in a powerless status by the
dominant group, which of the following stereotypes is most likely to emerge about that
minority group?
32. Germany lost World War I and experienced severe problems with economic recession,
unemployment, and horrific inflation during the 1920s. Which theory/theories best explains
33. Which of the following best explains “irrational” forms of prejudice?
34. Some research suggests prejudice is declining in the United States. What suggests it might
not be declining?
35. The idea that racism is changing form to a more subtle way of expressing negative feelings
is called:
36. Which of the following are the key actors, according to split labor market theorists?
37. A major point in Gunnar Myrdal’s An American Dilemma is that:
38. Most reported hate crimes are:
39. What are two general stereotypes of minority groups?
40. Marxism also explains group competition and prejudice by suggesting:
41. Herber Blumer says prejudice _____.
42. One of the variables that researchers suggest is a cause of the decline in prejudice is:
43. The contact theory of prejudice argues that four conditions need to be present to reduce
prejudice:
44. According to the sociologist Eduardo Bonilla Silva, the new form of prejudice is expressed:
45. One of the major criticisms of modern racism is it seems to ____.
46. Split labor market theory is to __________ as group interests is to __________.
47. According to labor market theory, who is the major beneficiary of prejudice?
48. How did slave owners use Christianity to brainwash slaves into accepting their status?
49. Self-fulfilling prophecy and reinforcement are key components of
50. Studies on the development of prejudice in children indicate that prejudice is learned through
51. Social distance ranking indicate that group rankings were stable from the 1920 to 2011. Which group
was listed in the top ranks?
52. Which of the following theories focuses on the emotional aspect of prejudice?
53. According to research examining American stereotypes since 1990, which of the following
stereotypes persists in American society?
54. Research exploring race/gender dynamics and Asian American–Pacific Islanders found that which art
form helped negate traditional gender specific stereotypes?
55. One reason the jigsaw method is so effective at reducing prejudice in children is
56. All of the following are beliefs of modern racists except
57. A 2012 survey of white respondents found that the most popular explanation for racial inequality
between blacks and whites was
58. Prejudice is to __________ as discrimination is to __________.
59. A series of studies conducted at Princeton University in 1933, 1951, and 1967 indicated that
stereotypes of blacks were more favourable.
60. Surveys of U.S. respondents found that Asians are stereotyped as high on competence but low on
warmth, a pattern the researchers labelled as __________ prejudice.
61. Prejudice has at least two dimensions: an affective or “emotional” dimension and a
cognitive or “thinking” dimension.
62. Discrimination is the tendency to think and feel negatively about the members of other
groups.
63. Stereotypes are central to the affective dimension of prejudice.
64. Personality-based theories of prejudice include the split-labor market theory.
65. It is possible for an individual to be prejudiced and not discriminate, but not for a person to
discriminate without being prejudiced.
66. According to Robert Merton, a person who is unprejudiced and also a discriminator can be
considered a “timid bigot.”
67. Selective perception can reinforce and strengthen stereotypes to the point that the highly
prejudiced individual simply does not accept evidence that challenges his or her views.
68. All intergroup contact reduces prejudice.
69. Attitudes associated with modern racism are consistent with human capital theory.
70. When looking at gender stereotypes for females at Arizona State University, students
attributed the same characteristics to both European American and African American women.
71. Research in Europe supports the contact hypothesis.
72. The correlation between acts of violence against African Americans in the South and the fall
of cotton prices illustrates the concept of scapegoating.
73. Children as young as 5 to 6 months are capable of distinguishing some aspects of gender
and race between categories of people.
74. Social distance has remained constant, and the rankings have also remained the same over
the last 50 years.
75. According to the social distance theory, prejudice can be attributed to conflict and power
struggle between groups.
76. According to a Marxist analysis of slavery, slave owners attempted to use Christianity as a
way of “brainwashing” slaves to meekly accept their subordinate positions.
77. The English language may contribute to racist stereotypes because of the use of terms such
as black-hearted, black list, or black eye.
78. Religious inequality remains pervasive.
79. Selective perception is the tendency to see minorities generally in a negative light.
80. Research using social distance scales demonstrates that prejudice exists apart from
individuals and that it is passed from generation to generation.
81. According to power/conflict theories, prejudice is not a matter of childhood experiences,
social distance, or personal likes and dislikes; prejudice exists because someone or some group
gains by it.
82. According to some theorists, prejudice can be caused by personality needs.
83. Power-conflict theories help explain the origins of prejudice.
84. The likelihood that prejudice and discrimination will be expressed depends heavily on the
situation an individual is in.
85. Prejudice and discrimination have a strong but not perfect relationship to each other.
86. Exposure of slaves to religion was carefully controlled and emphasized those aspects of
Christianity that stress the virtues of meekness and humility.
87. Prejudice exists because someone or some group gains by it.
88. Robert LaPiere demonstrated that people’s actions match their beliefs.
89. The situation a person is in shapes the relationship between prejudice and discrimination.
90. Social distance patterns demonstrate the power of culture to shape individual perceptions
and preferences.
TYPE E
91. Define and distinguish between prejudice and discrimination. Distinguish between the
affective and cognitive dimensions of prejudice.
92. How would a sociologist explain prejudice?
TYPE E
93. Based on the reading, what factors might promote membership in the KKK?
94. Can a person who is in the minority commit a hate crime? What theory(ies) might explain
the motivation for such an action?
TYPE E
95. What is modern racism? How does it manifest itself? What factors might have led to its
emergence? How might a modern racist explain inequality? Give examples.
96. What causes prejudice in children?
97. How and why does prejudice persist through time? Hint: Your answer should include a
discussion of Myrdal’s vicious cycle, prejudice in children, Bogardus’s social distance, situational
influences, and limitations of these perspectives.
98. Describe the seven degrees of Borgardus’s social distance and its relationship to other
culture-based theories of prejudice.
99. Discuss recent trends in prejudice. Is prejudice declining, increasing, changing? Provide
evidence from your reading.
100. Explain the scapegoat hypothesis and how it applies to the workplace in today’s society.
101. Discuss the decline in traditional prejudice in society. Why has there been a decline in
traditional prejudice? Give examples.