1. The process of assimilation could be illustrated by:
2. Pluralism exists when:
3. Melting pot is a term for:
4. A politician states in a campaign speech that “it is inevitable that our group differences will
disappear as we grow and mature as a society.” This statement echoes the thinking of:
5. One problem with Park’s theory of assimilation is that:
6. Social structure is divided into primary and secondary sectors. Primary sector; refers to:
7. It is common in sociology to separate the social structure into primary and secondary sectors.
Which of the following categories is considered part of the primary sector?
8. _________ assimilation occurs when a minority group enters the secondary sector of the
larger society and occupies the same public institutions such as churches, clubs, schools, and
workplaces.
9. According to Milton Gordon, integration in the secondary sector will lead to:
10. In Milton Gordon’s theory of assimilation, the crucial step is from:
11. Sociologist Ruby Kennedy studied multicultural intermarriage and described a phenomenon
she called a “triple melting pot,” referring to the multicultural intermarriage within three
separate groups:
12. Which of the following theories argues that status attainment is a direct result of
educational levels, personal values, and skills?
13. Which intermarriage best illustrates Kennedy’s concept of the “triple melting pot”?
14. The Amish (sometimes called the Pennsylvania Dutch) are committed to a way of life
organized around farming. They maintain a culture and an institutional life that is separate
from the dominant culture. The kind of pluralism that best describes them is:
15. The concept of multiculturalism includes:
16. The traditional views of assimilation appear not to have explained:
17. A third type of pluralism that reversed Gordon’s first two stages would be:
18. Park felt that intergroup relations go through a predictable set of phases that he called:
19. One of the first to support pluralism, newspaper editor _________ argued in The Nation in
1915 that the existence of separate ethnic groups—even with separate cultures, religions, and
languages—could be quite consistent with a democratic political system.
20. When the goal of a minority group is to sever all ties with the larger society, this is called
________.
21. Which factors are intimately interlinked with (such that they mutually cause each other)
European immigration to the United States?
22. What factor(s) affected the pathways of entry for different groups of immigrants from
Europe?
23. Will Herberg explored the connection between which of the following in regards to
American assimilation?
24. Gordon argued that the most significant structural unit within U.S. society was defined by
the intersection of the religious/ethnic and social class boundaries. He called this the:
25. Common patterns in the process of assimilation followed by European immigrants and their
descendants include:
26. Friends are to the primary sector as __________ are to the secondary sector.
27. What was one expression of anti-immigrant prejudice and racism?
28. In Milton Gordon’s Stages of Assimilation, what phase immediately precedes marital
assimilation?
29. In U.S. immigration law, quotas for each origin country were established in what year?
30. Immigrants experiencing segmented assimilation will have the following outcome:
31. Mary and her brother, Patrick, are immigrants. They both speak English, share American
values, and have many American friends, but Mary does well in school and gets a good job that
pays a lot. Patrick does poorly in school and does not have a consistent job, making only
minimum wage when he works. The two of them together are an example of:
32. As late as the 1920s, ______ of employed Irish-born women in the United States worked as
domestics.
33. Strong norms of patriarchy determined the appropriate work for Italian female immigrants.
They tended to work:
34. __________________came to America because of religious persecution and planned to
make America their home from the beginning.
35. ____________establish their own neighborhood and rely on a set of interconnected
businesses, each of which is usually small in scope, for economic survival.
36. Ethclass is defined by the intersection of:
37. Human capital theorists believe that the greater investment in ___, the higher the person’s
chances of success.
38. A good example of structural pluralism would be ______.
39. Which of the following groups is considered a culturally pluralistic group?
40. Compared to separatists, minority groups who promote revolution seek to
41. Which shift in subsistence technology resulted in the mass movement of people from Europe to the
United States between 1820–1920?
42. Avi was a tailor who immigrated to America in 1897 to avoid religious persecution in Russia. He
settled in New York City and worked in the garment industry. Avi is an example of a(n)
43. According to the text, which of the following prominent Americans espoused anti-Semitic views?
44. Rosa was an Italian woman who immigrated to the United States in 1900 with her parents and sister.
Which member of Rosa’s family would most likely be completely assimilated?
45. All of the following were important pathways of integration for European immigrants except
46. Which immigrant group was the most active in labor unions during the early 20th century?
47. Of all methods of ethnic succession discussed in the chapter, which pathway was the least
legitimate?
48. Which of the following exemplifies how structural mobility benefited ethnic whites in the 20th
century?
49. Which statement is true about female immigrants?
50. Birds of passage is synonymous with the term
51. Which of the following illustrates Marcus Hansen’s principle of third-generation interest?
52. The revival of white ethnicity in the 1960s was primarily fueled by
53. “People or groups who fail haven’t tried enough.” This statement would most likely be
made by a human capital theorist.
54. The United States can best be described as a “melting pot” of people of different cultures
coming together to create a unique society.
55. Assimilation in the United States generally has been a coercive and one-sided process
described as Anglo-Conformity.
56. Milton Gordon believed that assimilation is inevitable in a democratic and industrial society
and follows a predictable cycle.
57. The secondary sector includes interpersonal relationships that are intimate and personal,
such as families and groups of friends.
58. During cultural assimilation (or acculturation), members of the minority groups coming to
the United States might adopt the English language, change their eating habits, acquire new
value systems, or change their names.
59. According to Milton Gordon, marital assimilation is evidence of the completion of
assimilation.
60. In Gordon’s view, primary structural integration typically precedes intermarriage.
61. Although European Americans did not totally intermarry, there is evidence of patterns of a
“triple melting pot,” with intermarriage within various groups of Protestants, Catholics, and
Jews.
62. Gordon recognized that in addition to intermarriage within religions, social class and race
also intersected, forming what he called “ethclass.”
63. Structural pluralism exists when groups have not acculturated and each maintains its own
identity.
65. Structural assimilation involves intermarriage.
66. Today, white ethnic groups are equal with national norms in terms of average income,
education, unemployment, and other measures of economic success.
67. Pluralism is often couched in the language of multiculturalism, a term for a variety of
programs and ideas that stress mutual respect for all groups and for the multiple heritages that
shaped the United States.
68. The primary sector consists of groups and organizations that are more public, task oriented,
and impersonal.
69. An example of integration at the secondary level is intermarriage with members of the
dominant group on a large-scale basis.
70. Human capital theory is inconsistent with American values.
71. Cultural pluralism exists when groups have acculturated and “merged” cultural identities
and practices.
72. “Sojourners,” or “birds of passage,” is the term used to refer to immigrants who intended to
remain in the United States to accumulate wealth and then return to the old country.
73. In general, immigrant females outnumbered males, as women had better luck in getting
factory, teaching, and domestic jobs.
74. Without European immigration to the United States, the process of industrialization would
have been unchanged.
75. New “racial” groups can arise from intermarriage.
76. Sociologists believe that assimilation today is segmented and will have a number of
different outcomes.
77. Most contemporary immigrants will become mired in the impoverished, alienated, and
marginalized segments of racial minority groups.
78. Education is a key factor in successful assimilation today.
79. The notion of a “triple melting pot” no longer applies to some recent immigrants.
80. The goals of separatism are for the group to sever all ties (political, cultural, and geographic)
with the larger society.
81. Native Americans have never expressed a desire to be separatist.
82. The dominant group always seeks the goal of assimilation for minority groups.
83. Immigrant women were expected to work until they married.
84. Robert Parks believed that intergroup relations go through a predictable set of phases that
is called “Race Relations Cycle.”
85. Milton Gordon suggests that there are eight major subprocesses of assimilation.
Type: E
86. Define assimilation and pluralism. How are they alike and different? What are some of the
forms assimilation can take? Pluralism?
Test Bank – Chapter 1, Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 7e
Type: E
87. Briefly summarize Gordon’s theory of assimilation. Identify each of his first three major
stages and explain the relationships between them. Be sure to distinguish between secondary
structural integration and primary structural integration.
88. Recall the six Americans from Chapter 1 (Kim Park, Shirley Umphlett, Mary Ann O’Brien,
Mark Richardson, Hector Gonzalez, and William Buford). Explain the position of each person
in terms of acculturation and integration. Who is the most/least acculturated? Who is the
most/least integrated? How did you make this determination? Explain your answer. (Note:
Instructors may want to provide copies of these biographies for students to refresh their
memories.)
89. Compare and contrast each of the three types of pluralism cited in the text: cultural,
structural, and integration without acculturation. What is the difference between a middleman
and an enclave minority group?
90. What purposes do ethnic groups serve in modern American society? Why have these groups
not disappeared?
91. Using the ideas that you read from Lamm and King, discuss the arguments for and against
bilingual education. What assumptions are underlying each argument? Can we tolerate
language diversity? How much? Which position do you support and why?
92. Briefly explain the change in Ireland’s experience as both a supplier and consumer of
immigrants over the last 200 years. How are the ways in which the Irish are currently
responding to immigration similar to and different from the ways the United States handled
immigration in the nineteenth century?
93. Does the dominant group always seek assimilation of minority group members? Explain
some alternatives to assimilation chosen by dominant groups and give examples as to how
these alternatives have been used in U.S. immigration history.
94. Explain how the chains of immigration worked with the immigrants of the past. Describe
the society the immigrants tried to incorporate once they got into the United States.