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Paleoanthropology refers to
A.the older generation of anthropologists.
B.the study of human artifacts.
C.the study of human evolution.
D.manufacture of stone tools.
Ninety-nine percent of all known Upper Paleolithic cave art sites are
A.in Africa.
B.along the Seine River near Paris.
C.in Spain and France.
D.closed to the public.
E.thought to have been exclusively used for the practice of hunting magic.
The earliest Australians arrived on the continent "down under" around
A.the beginning of the Holocene.
B.15,000 years ago.
C.the beginning of the Pleistocene.
D.40,000 years ago.
The dietary trinity of Mesoamerica consisted of
A.maize, beans, and squash.
B.potatoes, lima beans, and chili.
C.wheat, barley, and lentils.
D.acorn, mesquite pods, and maguey.
The Bronze Age in Europe was characterized by all of the following except
A.long distance trade of valuable materials.
B.the first appearance of democracy.
C.burials of elite individuals.
D.construction of monumental structures.
Analysis of animal bones and teeth from an archaeological site can tell us
A.how many animals lived at the site.
B.what kinds of animals lived at the site.
C.how many people lived at the site.
D.what kinds of seeds people ate.
The site of Laetoli is important for all of the following reasons except
A.evidence of bipedalism is preserved there in the form of footprints preserved in
volcanic ash.
B.evidence that Australopithecus afarensis was bipedal by 3.5 million years ago.
C.evidence of a very brief moment in time is recorded here, atypical of the nature of
most other hominin and archaeological sites.
D.evidence of violent conflict among rival regional tribes
Solutrean leaf-shaped "points" were made by the _______ method.
A.hard hammer percussion
B.soft hammer percussion
C.pressure flaking
D.indirect percussion
Which of the following is not matched appropriately?
A.pithousesSnaketown
B.longhousesthe Draper site
C.pueblosChaco Canyon
D.kivasMoundville
Which of the following would you expect to find at a Folsom site?
A.domesticated squash, gourd, and beans
B.mammoth remains and platform pipes
C.shell-tempered pottery and obsidian
D.fluted points and bison bones
E.war-clubs and bison snares
Which of the following archaeologists investigated early agriculture in the Tehuacn
Valley?
A.Richard MacNeish
B.Charles Higham
C.Robert Braidwood
D.Kathleen Kenyon
E.Chester Gorman
Which of the following could best be considered an achieved status?
A.age
B.sex
C.birth order
D.profession
Archaeology
A.is the study of the human past.
B.combines the themes of time and change.
C.involves artifacts, ecofacts, and features.
D.all of the above
E.none of the above
Careful excavation requires
A.detailed map and grid.
B.heavy machinery.
C.air photography.
D.all of the above.
E.none of the above.
Social status differentiation can be determined from burials through the analysis of all
of the following except
A.grave offerings.
B.burial treatment and context (location of burials).
C.biochemical analysis of skeletal materials.
D.burial's orientation toward the east (rising sun)
La Venta is
A.an Olmec ceremonial center on Mexico's Gulf Coast with a principal occupation from
800-400 B.C.
B.a site in central Mexico with rare examples of round architecture.
C.the source of valuable green obsidian.
D.the largest site in the Valley of Oaxaca before the establishment of Monte Albn.
The earliest large state in southern Africa was
A.Great Zimbabwe.
B.Mapungubwe.
C.Jenn-jeno.
D.Bambandyanalo.
E.Hierakonpolis.
Artifacts are
A.portable objects that people made in the past.
B.fossil bones.
C.pyramids.
D.all of the above.
E.none of the above.
Compared to Upper Paleolithic sites, ________ were particularly abundant at "Ain
Mallaha.
A.obsidian figurines
B.camel bones
C.storage pits
D.wheel-thrown pots
The inhabitants of Sannai Maruyama used all of the following except
A.pottery.
B.fish.
C.stone tools.
D.bows and arrows.
Which of the following was NOT first domesticated in Southwest Asia?
A.barley
B.beans
C.wheat
D.pigs
E.goats
The Lower Paleolithic is not characterized by
A.the first evidence for the controlled use of fire.
B.systematic and cooperative hunting.
C.the use of wooden spears.
D.constructed dwellings.
E.the earliest art.
The controlled use of fire was definitely in evidence by the time of
A.Homo habilis.
B.Australopithecus africanus.
C.Homo erectus.
D.Australopithecus afarensis.
E.Australopithecus robustus.
Footprints preserved in 3.6 million-year-old volcanic ash at Laetoli, Tanzania, indicate
that
A.some of our early ancestors may have worn crude sandals.
B.A. africanus was on his/her way out of Africa.
C.A. boisei and A. africanus both lived about 3.6 million years ago.
D.A. afarensis was quadripedal.
E.bipedalism definitely preceded marked brain expansion in human evolution.
Major developments in the Paleolithic include
A.the controlled use of fire.
B.domestication of plants and animals.
C.the invention of writing.
D.the use of pottery.
Early Hopewell platform pipes were made generally in the shape of a(n)
A.atlatl, or spearthrower.
B.bow.
C.arrow.
D.knife.
If you were interested in Upper Paleolithic cave paintings, you would probably travel to
A.Olorgesailie.
B.SW France.
C.Eastern Europe.
D.the Balkans.
The functions of Upper Paleolithic cave paintings may have been all of the following
except
A.hunting magic.
B.a way male hunters attracted mates.
C.to assure the reproduction of animals for food.
D.records of events.
Khok Phanom Di is now located in
A.North China.
B.Thailand.
C.India.
D.South China.
Franchthi Cave is important because
A.it contains early evidence of the transition to agriculture in Europe.
B.evidence from the animal bones indicates a shift toward more plants in the diet.
C.it contains evidence of early pottery manufacture.
D.it documents the domestication of tuna.
The only pack animal domesticated in the Americas was the
A.horse.
B.ox.
C.donkey.
D.llama.
Three Gulf Coast sites were
A.San Lorenzo, La Venta, and Tres Zapotes.
B.Tikal, Palenque, and Copn.
C.El Mirador, San Jos Mogote, and Monte Albn.
D.Teotihuacn, Tenochtitln, and Cuicuilco.
Oldowan tools were made by the _____ method.
A.hard hammer percussion
B.soft hammer percussion
C.pressure flaking
D.indirect percussion
Llamas generally carry loads that weigh up to ___ pounds.
A.50
B.100
C.200
D.500
At Moundville, ceremonial structures were primarily
A.stone-faced pyramid mounds.
B.flat-topped earthen mounds.
C.cut-stone circular structures.
D.pyramids made of stone blocks.
Discuss how the study of diet and nutrition can provide information on societal
differentiation. Use examples to illustrate your arguments.
Answer:Answers will vary.
What developments denote the onset of the Iron Age in Europe?
Answer:Answers will vary.
The "Mousterian Problem" is a complex question in the interpretation of archaeological
remains. What caused the problem, who are the principle antagonists, and what are the
possible explanations?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Describe different kinds of archaeological fieldwork.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Describe the four major divisions of the Paleolithic period in terms of age and
characteristics.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Compare the Inca empire with the tributary domain of the Aztecs.
Answer:Answers will vary.
The archaeological record for the European Mesolithic documents a number of
innovations and changes from the Late Paleolithic. Outline some of these differences,
using specific sites as examples.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Please write 2-3 sentences identifying the person, place, or thing in terms of age,
location, and significance.
1) Maritime Hypothesis
2) Inca empire
3) Maraj Island
4) Quipu
5) El Ni"o
6) Huaca del Sol
7) Chav'nhorizon
8) Mit'a
9) Split inheritance
10) Nazca geoglyphs
11) Tampu
12) Inca road system
13) Wari
14) Chicha
15) Sacrifice Ceremony
16) Archaeoastronomy
17) Quinoa
Answer:Answers will vary.
Please write 2-3 sentences identifying the person, place, or thing in terms of age,
location, and significance.
1) Sumer
2) The temple
3) Tholoi
4) Ziggurat
5) Mesopotamia
6) Clay token
7) Scapulimancy
8) Oracle bone
9) Shaduf
10) Pictograph
11) Circumscription
12) Stepped pyramid
13) Hieroglyph
14) Indus soapstone seals
15) Narmer's palette
16) Pipal tree
17) Papyrus
18) Pastoralists
19) Nome
20) Cuneiform
21) Terracotta
22) Necropolis
23) The Three Lis
24) Karanga
Answer:Answers will vary.
An Archaeological Problem
The following multiple choice questions refer to the paragraph below. Base your
answers on the information given below, your archaeological knowledge, and common
sense.
Recent excavations in the Levant have uncovered a small settlement of approximately
twenty houses. These structures were circular in shape and had rock-wall foundations. A
number of burials were found in a small cemetery adjacent to the settlement. Storage
pits and roasting areas for preparing plant foods also were found, but there was no
evidence for domesticated plants at the site. Animal bones from deer, gazelle, sheep,
and goat were common at the site. The investigators noticed that a high number of
young male animals were represented in the sheep bones. This difference was not noted
among the bones of the other species. Other materials from the site included sickle
blades, bone tools, charcoal, and grinding slabs.
There are a number of theories on why domestication began. Select two of the major
theories and compare and contrast them.
Answer:Answers will vary.
An Archaeological Problem
The following multiple choice questions refer to the paragraph below. Base your
answers on the information given below, your archaeological knowledge, and common
sense.
Recent excavations in the Levant have uncovered a small settlement of approximately
twenty houses. These structures were circular in shape and had rock-wall foundations. A
number of burials were found in a small cemetery adjacent to the settlement. Storage
pits and roasting areas for preparing plant foods also were found, but there was no
evidence for domesticated plants at the site. Animal bones from deer, gazelle, sheep,
and goat were common at the site. The investigators noticed that a high number of
young male animals were represented in the sheep bones. This difference was not noted
among the bones of the other species. Other materials from the site included sickle
blades, bone tools, charcoal, and grinding slabs.
If you had enough time, money, and energy for three field seasons of excavation to
learn about the origins of agriculture, where would you work, what would you look for,
and how would you do it?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Outline the current debate regarding the classification of early human fossils. Be sure to
indicate the two major schools of thought and their positions.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Describe and discuss the two major categories of Upper Paleolithic art. Include
distribution, age, and interpretation.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Please write 2-3 sentences identifying the person, place, or thing in terms of age,
location, and significance.
1) Bone chemistry
2) Mesolithic
3) Jomon
4) Archaic
5) Vnget Nord
6) Multi-disciplinary
7) Postglacial sea level
8) Shell midden
9) Cultural resource management
Answer:Answers will vary.
What are the major components of human society that provide a focus of archaeological
research?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Why is archaeology important? What does archaeology contribute to modern society?
Answer:Answers will vary.
The differences in artifact assemblages in the Lower Paleolithic are intriguing. Describe
these differences and discuss what they represent.
Answer:Answers will vary.
The term hunter-gatherer is commonly used in anthropology and archaeology. What
does it mean? Define hunter-gatherer and give some examples.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Describe and discuss the Acheulean handaxe.
Answer:Answers will vary.
What is the difference between egalitarian and non-egalitarian societies?
Answer:Answers will vary.
